High intensity interval training vs. moderate intensity continuous training on aerobic capacity and functional capacity in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundExercise training is commonly employed as a efficacious supplementary treatment for individuals suffering from heart failure, but the optimal exercise regimen is still controversial. The objective of the review was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the exercise capacity, cardiac function, quality of life (QoL) and heart rate among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.MethodsA systematic search was performed using the following eight databases from their inception to July 5, 2023: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, China Knowledge Network, Wan fang Data, and the China Biology Medicine databases. The meta-analysis results were presented as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used for the included studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations was used to assess the certainty of evidence.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials were included in the study. The results showed that HIIT had a significant positive effect on peak oxygen uptake (MD = 1.78, 95% CI for 0.80–2.76), left ventricular ejection fraction (MD = 3.13, 95% CI for 1.25–5.02), six-minute walk test (MD = 28.13, 95% CI for 14.56–41.70), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MD = −4.45, 95% CI for −6.25 to −2.64) compared to MICT. However, there were no statistically significant differences observed in resting heart rate and peak heart rate.ConclusionsHIIT significantly improves peak oxygen uptake, left ventricular ejection fraction, six-minute walk test, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Additionally, HIIT exhibits greater effectiveness in improving peak oxygen uptake among patients with lower body mass index.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.7.0100, identifier (INPLASY2023.7.0100)

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Hybrid Modulation Strategy to Eliminate Current Distortion for PV Grid-Tied H6 Inverter

This paper proposes a new hybrid modulation mode (HMM) to eliminate the zero-crossing distortion of grid current and enable reactive power provision for a H6 configuration PV (photovoltaic) grid-tied inverter. The common mode voltage, leakage current, and efficiency for the proposed approach are also analyzed. In order to improve grid frequency tracking a novel frequency self-adaptive proportional-integral-resonant (FSAPIR) controller is implemented which reduces error for changes in grid frequency. The proposed approach provides the basis for accurately adjusting the active and reactive current without error to improve the grid support capability of the inverter. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiment verify the newly proposed modulation mode and controller

Mapping mangrove leaf area index (LAI) by combining remote sensing images with PROSAIL‐D and XGBoost methods

Abstract Leaf area index (LAI) is a vital parameter reflecting vegetation structure, physio‐ecological process and growth development. Accurate estimation of mangrove LAI is fundamental for assessing the ecological restoration and sustainable development of mangrove ecosystems. To date, very few studies have explored the hybrid method of radiative transfer model (RTM) and machine‐learning model in retrieving mangrove LAI with different satellite sensors. This study investigated the capabilities of combining the PROSAIL‐D model, XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting) and remote sensing images in estimating mangrove LAI, considering the spatial resolutions and spectral vegetation indices (VIs) of Landsat‐8, Sentinel‐2, Worldview‐2 and Zhuhai‐1 images, and further explored the role of eco‐environmental factors in the spatial distribution of LAI in Gaoqiao Mangrove Reserve, China. The results showed that the Zhuhai‐1 acquires the best estimation accuracy (RVal2 (the determination coefficient of validation) = 0.86, RPD (residual prediction deviation) = 3.36 and RMSE (root mean square error) = 0.31), followed by Worldview‐2 (RVal2 = 0.84, RPD = 2.64 and RMSE = 0.33), Sentinel‐2 (RVal2 = 0.34, RPD = 1.33 and RMSE = 0.62) and Landsat‐8 (RVal2 = 0.29, RPD = 1.03 and RMSE = 0.71). The newly developed three‐band VIs (B443−B864/B443+B864−2×B561 with Landsat‐8, B490−B842/B490+B842−2×B705 with Sentinel‐2, B427−B832/B908−B832 with Worldview‐2 and B896−B700/B776−B700 with Zhuhai‐1) were efficient estimators of mangrove LAI. Moreover, elevation and species composition could greatly affect the spatial distribution of mangrove LAI. We concluded that the hybrid method of PROSAIL‐D and XGBoost model using VIs derived from Zhuhai‐1 hyperspectral image could be deemed as basic method and input variables of mapping mangrove LAI, and could be effectively and widely applied in generating mangrove LAI products at the regional and national scales

Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Effects through Inhibiting the Akt/IκB/NF-κB Pathway on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Inflammation is a key regulator in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS) which extremely affects people’s health. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a plant lignan, is relevant to angiogenesis and cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves vascular disorders. However, the effect of SDG on cardiovascular disorder is not clear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SDG on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and elucidate the underlying mechanism. The LPS-stimulated HUVEC cellular model was established. The cell viability, the cell tube formation activity, the nitric oxide (NO) release, the levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, and the expression of protein kinase B (Akt) were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, cell tube-formation assay, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results revealed that SDG reduces the angiogenic capacity of HUVECs and inhibited LPS-mediated HUVEC injury and apoptosis. In addition, SDG increased NO release and decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-treated HUVECs. Meanwhile, SDG inhibited the NF-κB pathway and downregulated Akt expression in LPS-induced HUVECs. Our results indicated that SDG relieves LPS-mediated HUVEC injury by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway which is partly dependent on the disruption of Akt activation. Therefore, SDG exerts its cytoprotective effects in the context of LPS-treated HUVECs via regulation of the Akt/IκB/NF-κB pathway and may be a potential treatment drug for cardiovascular disease

Electrodeposited nickel aluminum-layered double hydroxide on Co3O4 as binder-free electrode for supercapacitor

Here, we report a heterostructured core–shell electrode consists of cobalt oxide (Co3O4 ) nanowire core and nickel aluminum (NiAl)-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH; herein Co3O4@LDH) nanosheet shell grown on nickel foam as advanced electrode for supercapacitor. Benefiting from the core–shell configuration and smart hybridization, the optimized Co3O4@LDH core–shell electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 2011 Fg−1 at 2Ag−1 and remains 1455 Fg−1 at 40 Ag−1 , which outperforms the electrochemical performance of individual component of Co3O4 (720 Fg−1 at 2 Ag−1). A hybrid supercapacitor using Co3O4@LDH as positive electrode and carbon nanotube as negative electrode delivers an energy density of 18.1 Whkg−1 at a power density of 375 kWkg−1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag−1 . Smart hybridization of core–shell electrode shows great promise as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitor with high electrochemical performance