Fault-Tolerant Anomaly Detection Method in Wireless Sensor Networks

A key issue in wireless sensor network applications is how to accurately detect anomalies in an unstable environment and determine whether an event has occurred. This instability includes the harsh environment, node energy insufficiency, hardware and software breakdown, etc. In this paper, a fault-tolerant anomaly detection method (FTAD) is proposed based on the spatial-temporal correlation of sensor networks. This method divides the sensor network into a fault neighborhood, event and fault mixed neighborhood, event boundary neighborhood and other regions for anomaly detection, respectively, to achieve fault tolerance. The results of experiment show that under the condition that 45% of sensor nodes are failing, the hit rate of event detection remains at about 97% and the false negative rate of events is above 92%

Augmented reality-assisted systematic mapping of anterolateral thigh perforators

Abstract Purpose In soft tissue reconstructive surgery, perforator localization and flap harvesting have always been critical challenges, but augmented reality (AR) has become a dominant technology to help map perforators. Methods The lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) and its perforators were reconstructed by CTA in consecutive patients (N = 14). Then, the anterolateral thigh perforators and the points from which the perforators emerged from the deep fascia were marked and projected onto the skin surface. As the virtual images were projected onto patients according to bony markers, the courses of the LCFA and its perforators were depicted on the skin surface for intraoperative guidance. Finally, the locations of the emergence points were verified by intraoperative findings and compared to those determined by handheld Doppler ultrasound. Results The sources, locations, and numbers of perforators were determined by CTA. The perforators and their emergence points were accurately mapped on the skin surface by a portable projector to harvest the anterolateral thigh perforator flap. During the operation, the accuracy of the CTA & AR method was 90.2% (37/41), and the sensitivity reached 97.4% (37/38), which were much higher than the corresponding values of Doppler ultrasound. Additionally, the differences between the AR-marked points and the intraoperative findings were much smaller than those seen with Doppler ultrasound (P < 0.001). Consequently, all of the flaps were well designed and survived, and only one complication occurred. Conclusion Augmented reality, namely, CTA combined with projection in this study, plays a vital and reliable role in locating the perforator emergence points and guiding the procedure to harvest flaps and has fewer potential risks

Effects of Different Pretreatment on the Quality Characteristics and Microstructure of Hot Air Dried Yam Slices

In order to comprehensive evaluate the effects of different drying pretreatment on the quality and microstructure of yam slices. Fresh sliced yam was pretreated by three different methods: High voltage electrostatic field, ultra-high pressure and freezing. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance and characteristic drying curve were used to determine yam's water status, distribution and content, and analyze changes in microstructure, color, rehydration and other characteristics. Results showed that the freezing pretreatment had the most severe damage on yam slices and the minimum drying time, reduced moisture ratio to 0.1 in 160 min. The high voltage electrostatic field pretreatment was better than other methods in preserving the microstructure of yam. The content of original pectin and cellulose in yam were significantly (P<0.05) higher, which were 11.91% and 14.65%, respectively. The shrinkage was slighter than that of other methods and the rehydration (3.53) was higher. Ultra-high pressure pretreatment could better retain the flavor substances of yam and significantly (P<0.05) improved the whiteness color of dried yam, which was 35.10% higher than before. In summary, different pretreatment methods had significant effects on the quality characteristics and microstructure of hot air dried yam slices. Therefore, the actual demand and the production cost need to be considered in selecting the best pretreatment method to yam slices before drying

Microbial Evaluation of Ozone Water Combined with Ultrasound Cleaning on Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

The effects of ozone water (OW) and ultrasound cleaning (UL) on microbial community diversity of crayfish were studied through microbial viable count and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), the ozone water combined with ultrasound cleaning (OCU) showed a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic viable count (PVC), mesophilic viable count (MVC), Pseudomonas, hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria (HSPB), molds and yeasts. Concretely, the TVC of the CK, OW, UL and OCU were 5.09, 4.55, 4.32 and 4.06 log CFU/g, respectively. The dominant bacterium in untreated crayfish was Chryseobacterium, and its relative abundance was reduced by combined treatment. Color measurement and sensory evaluation suggested that a satisfactory sensory experience could be obtained on the crayfish applied with OCU. In brief, OCU could be used as a cleaning strategy to control the microbial quality of crayfish and have no influence on its quality

Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Treatment for Chronic Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative disease associated with joint dysfunction and pain. Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency (RF) may be a promising therapy in the treatment of chronic pain for KOA patients. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided RF treatment for chronic pain in patients with KOA. Design. A systematic review was conducted, and a meta-analysis was carried out when possible. Setting. We examined the studies evaluating the clinical efficiency of ultrasound-guided RF on chronic pain in KOA population. Method. A systematic review for the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided RF treatment for pain management of KOA patients was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from the date of inception to February 2020, and a meta-analysis was conducted. The primary outcomes of pain intensity (visual analogue scale or numerical rating scale) and knee function [the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)] were evaluated from baseline to various follow-up times by random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistic and the potential sources of heterogeneity by subgroup and metaregression analyses, respectively. Results. Eight publications with 256 patients were included in the meta-analysis. RF could relieve pain with −4.196 of pooled mean difference and improve knee function by decreasing 23.155 points in WOMAC. Three patients had ecchymosis, two with hypoesthesia and one with numbness after the procedure, and improved within 6 months. Furthermore, study design and treatment target were the sources of heterogeneity by subgroup and metaregression analyses, accounting for 37% and 74% of variances, respectively. Target of genicular nerve achieved better pain relief than intra-articular or sciatic nerve. Sensitivity analysis showed that removal of any single study was unlikely to overturn the findings. Limitations. There were some limitations in the study. Firstly, the small number of relevant studies limited the confidence level of the meta-analysis. Also, the significant heterogeneity may not be explained due to the limited data. Secondly, the direct comparison of two different guidance methods (ultrasound vs. fluoroscopy) for RF therapy is lacking. In addition, the outcomes were blindly assessed in the meta-analysis from all studies according to evaluation of bias, which could affect the reality of the data. Finally, most of the studies only provided short follow-up times, so we could not analyze the long-term effectiveness of ultrasound-guided RF in the treatment of patients with KOA. Conclusions. Ultrasonography is an effective, safe, nonradiative, and easily applicable guidance method for RF in pain relief and functional improvement in KOA patients

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Combined with Sous-Vide Treatment on the Quality of Largemouth Bass during Storage

In order to estimate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatment at 400 MPa for 0 min and 10 min (HHP-0, HHP-10) and high hydrostatic pressure in combination with sous-vide treatment (HHP-0+SV, HHP-10+SV) on the quality of largemouth bass stored at 4 &deg;C for 30 days, the physicochemical changes were evaluated by microbiological determinations, pH, sensory evaluation and texture analysis, and the flavour changes were analysed by solid-phase microextraction&ndash;gas chromatography&ndash;mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and amino acid automatic analyser. The results show that HHP-0+SV and HHP-10+SV treatment effectively inhibited microbiological growth and attenuated physiochemical changes (pH, sensory evaluation, flesh and texture) of largemouth bass fillets. HHP+SV treatment prolonged the storage period of largemouth bass fillets for 24 days. The content of total free amino acids in control (CK) samples was high, but HHP+SV treatment caused the loss of free amino acid content. Especially when stored for 30 days, the total free amino acid content of HHP-0+SV and HHP-10+SV was only 14.67 mg/100 g and 18.98 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, a total of 43 volatile compounds were detected and elucidated, among which hexanal, heptaldehyde, octanal and nonanal showed a decreasing tendency in HHP groups and an increasing trend in HHP+SV groups throughout the storage

Tensan Silk-Inspired Hierarchical Fibers for Smart Textile Applications

Tensan silk, a natural fiber produced by the Japanese oak silk moth (<i>Antherea yamamai,</i> abbreviated to <i>A. yamamai</i>), features superior characteristics, such as compressive elasticity and chemical resistance, when compared to the more common silk produced from the domesticated silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i> (<i>B. mori</i>). In this study, the “structure-property” relationships within <i>A. yamamai</i> silk are disclosed from the different structural hierarchies, confirming the outstanding toughness as dominated by the distinct mesoscale fibrillar architectures. Inspired by this hierarchical construction, we fabricated <i>A. yamamai</i> silk-like regenerated <i>B. mori</i> silk fibers (RBSFs) with mechanical properties (extensibility and modulus) comparable to natural <i>A. yamamai</i> silk. These RBSFs were further functionalized to form conductive RBSFs that were sensitive to force and temperature stimuli for applications in smart textiles. This study provides a blueprint in exploiting rational designs from <i>A. yamanmai</i>, which is rare and expensive in comparison to the common and cost-effective <i>B. mori</i> silk to empower enhanced material properties

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes

Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes are mainly performed in European populations, but other populations are severely under-represented. Here, we conducted Chinese-alone and cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in 7,058 Chinese Han and 33,224 white British participants. We identified 38 new associations in Chinese-alone analyses and 486 additional new associations in cross-ancestry meta-analyses at P < 1.46 x 10(-11) for discovery and P < 0.05 for replication. We pooled significant autosomal associations identified by single- or cross-ancestry analyses into 6,443 independent associations, which showed uneven distribution in the genome and the phenotype subgroups. We further divided them into 44 associations with different effect sizes and 3,557 associations with similar effect sizes between ancestries. Loci of these associations were shared with 15 brain-related non-imaging traits including cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our results provide a valuable catalog of genetic associations for brain imaging phenotypes in more diverse populations