203 research outputs found
The neutrino-antineutrino annihilation to electron-positron pair around a Schwarzschild black hole in asymptotic safety
We research on the neutrino pair annihilation
around a massive source in
asymptotic safety. The ratio corresponding to
the energy deposition per unit time over that in the Newtonian case is derived
and calculated. We find that the quantum corrections to the black hole
spacetime affect the emitted energy rate ratio for the annihilation. It is
interesting that the more considerable quantum effect reduces the ratio value
slightly. The corrected annihilation process can become a source of gamma ray
burst. We also investigate the derivative relating to the
star's radius to show that the quantum effect for the black hole will drop
the ratio. The more manifest quantum gravity influence leads the weaker
neutrino pair annihilation.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2206.0067
Analyzing and Optimizing AED Placement Locations in Big Cites—A Geographical Information System Analysis
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) has been identified as a significant public health issue in China. Numerous studies have demonstrated that using automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can significantly improve the survival rate of OHCA patients, but their low utilization rate is partly due to the accessibility of AED deployment sites. This study collects the location information of AED devices in three representative cities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen and then combines the kilometer population grid data (2021) with the AED geographic location data for visualization and data analysis through QGIS and Kepler.GL. Our model considers population distribution, subway, and road traffic factors and proposes a new method for AED index measurement. Through empirical analysis, we discovered that the existing AED distribution has an issue with unequal resource allocation. Thus, we have proposed specific suggestions on quantity and specific zones for AED deployment. Furthermore, this study proposes three specific suggestions for the problems currently in developing AEDs in China
Genetic Analysis of Prostate Cancer with Computer Science Methods
Metastatic prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. In the
advanced stages of prostate cancer, tumours can metastasise to other tissues in
the body, which is fatal. In this thesis, we performed a genetic analysis of
prostate cancer tumours at different metastatic sites using data science,
machine learning and topological network analysis methods. We presented a
general procedure for pre-processing gene expression datasets and pre-filtering
significant genes by analytical methods. We then used machine learning models
for further key gene filtering and secondary site tumour classification.
Finally, we performed gene co-expression network analysis and community
detection on samples from different prostate cancer secondary site types. In
this work, 13 of the 14,379 genes were selected as the most metastatic prostate
cancer related genes, achieving approximately 92% accuracy under
cross-validation. In addition, we provide preliminary insights into the
co-expression patterns of genes in gene co-expression networks. Project code is
available at https://github.com/zcablii/Master_cancer_project
Integrated circularly polarized OAM generator and multiplexer for fiber transmission
Unlike linearly polarized modes in fiber, modes
exploiting orbital angular momentum (OAM) are circularly
polarized when propagating in fiber. The use of OAM modes for
spatial multiplexing requires efficient, low cost mode generators
and multiplexers. We propose such a device based on the
standard 220-nm silicon-on-insulator platform, taking multiple
single-mode data-modulated signals, and imprinting these signals
on right- and left-circularly polarized OAM channels on a single,
multiplexed output. The device is designed to easily couple to
an OAM fiber with a ring shaped core. This approach treating
circular polarization within the multiplexer allows us to avoid
the losses associated with filtering out unwanted polarization
to create a single polarization. Designing the device to have
an output matched to the OAM fiber mode profile also avoids
mode size conversion. We describe our design methodology
and optimization techniques using a transfer-matrix model and
the finite-difference time-domain method. A candidate design is
simulated and modal crosstalk is examined, showing that lowcrosstalk
OAM multiplexing can be achieved through direct fiberto-chip
coupling
Integrated phased array for scalable vortex beam multiplexing
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have low model interactions during fiber propagation at data center distances, and thus are suitable for ultra-high capacity systems at low digital signal processing. Generating OAM modes using free-space setups is useful for proof-of-concept experiments, but is not a scalable solution. We use an optical phased array (OPA) with two-dimensional antennas for on-chip circularly polarized OAM beam generation. Our previous work demonstrated an OAM multiplexer for lower-order modes. In this work, we demonstrate an OAM multiplexer that supports a record of 46 (23 per polarization) simultaneous spatial modes up to OAM order 11. We also improve the crosstalk performance of our multiplexer. We incorporate an intensity tuning capability that substantially improves the OAM quality by enabling a uniform power distribution across the antennas. The worst-case crosstalk for the supported OAM5 to OAM11 are found experimentally to be better than -12 dB, with OAM10 achieving -17.2 dB
Optimal ultra-miniature polarimeters in silicon photonic integrated circuits
Measurement of the state of polarization of light is essential in a vast number of applications, such as quantum and classical communications, remote sensing, astronomy, and biomedical diagnostics. Nanophotonic structures and integrated photonic circuits can, in many circumstances, replace conventional discrete optical components for miniature polarimeters and chip-scale polarimetry systems and thus significantly improve robustness while minimizing the footprint and cost. We propose and experimentally demonstrate two silicon photonic four-photodetector (PD) division-of-amplitude polarimeters (4PD-DOAPs) using a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible photonic fabrication process. The first design targets minimizing the number of optical components. The second design makes use of a slightly more complex circuit design to achieve an optimal frame for measurements; this measurement frame minimizes and equalizes estimation variances in the presence of the additive white Gaussian noise and the signal dependent shot noise. Further theoretical examination reveals that within the optimal measurement frames for Stokes polarimeters, the DOAP with four PDs has the minimal equally weighted variance compared to those with a greater number of PDs
A Chip-scale, Full-Stokes Polarimeter
The polarization of light conveys unique information that can be exploited by
crucial applications. The bulky and costly discrete optical components used in
conventional polarimeters limit their broad adoption. A compact, low-cost
polarimeter would bring this functionality into a myriad of new scenarios and
revolutionize its exploitation. Here we present a high-performance, full-Stokes
polarimeter on a silicon chip. A surface polarization splitter and on-chip
optical interferometer circuit produce the analysis matrix of an optimally
conditioned polarimeter. This solid-state polarimeter is a system-on-a-chip
with exceptional compactness, stability, and speed that could be used singly or
in integrated arrays. Large arrays can increase the speed and resolution of
full-Stokes imaging; therefore, our design provides a scalable polarimeter
solution.Comment: 5 figure
On-chip circular polarization splitter using silicon photonic nanoantenna array
Control and sorting of quantum states of photons through the manipulation of polarization and spatial modes of light in integrated photonic circuits contributes important applications in optical communications and quantum-optical systems. We design and demonstrate a novel structure for a silicon nanoantenna array that can split the circular polarization states and couple them to separate single-mode silicon waveguides. Implemented using a CMOS-compatible photonic fabrication process, the array can be monolithically integrated with other photonic components for chip-scale optical signal processing. We also show that the polarization sorting property of the nanoantenna array can be flexibly controlled (by adjusting design parameters at subwavelength scale) to split any two arbitrary orthogonal polarization states
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