Chitosan/Modified Banana Epidermis Starch Composite Films for Food Packaging Applications

Banana epidermis is a waste material and starchier, it can be used to made biodegradable composite film and their properties were characterized. The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable composite films based on modified banana epidermis starch. The role of modified banana epidermis starch (MBES) particle loadings were analyzed on chitosan semi-crystalline structure, in addition to studying the composite film properties such as barrier, thermal and mechanical properties. Antimicrobial activity of the composite films is developed based on chitosan and MBES particle. The composite films are produced by solution casting method. The composites exhibit a significantly good in the mechanical and thermal stability. The resulting Chitosan/MBES films exhibit better oxygen permeation rate while compared with normal commercial films. The new prepared composite films have a high potential, mechanical, morphological, antimicrobial activity, and to improve their long-lasting antimicrobial efficiency for food packaging applications

Single Phase Fifteen Level Inverter using Seven Switches for Industrial Applications

This paper proposes a single-phase fifteen-level inverter using seven switches, with a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme. The Proposed multilevel inverter output voltage level increasing by using less number of switches driven by the multicarrier modulation techniques. The inverter is capable of producing fifteen levels of output-voltage (Vdc, 6Vdc/7, 5Vdc/7, 4Vdc/7, 3Vdc/7, 2Vdc/7, Vdc/7,0, -Vdc/7,  -2Vdc/7, -3Vdc/7, - 4Vdc/7, -5Vdc/7, -6Vdc/7, -Vdc) from the dc supply voltage. A digital multi carrier PWM algorithm was implemented in a Spartan 3E FPGA. The proposed system was verified through simulation and implemented in a prototype

(Z)-2-[2-(4-Methyl­benzyl­idene)hydrazin­yl]pyridine

Mol­ecules of the title compound, C13H13N3, are essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.054 Å). The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 6.33 (5)°. In the crystal, pairs of centrosymmetrically related mol­ecules are linked through N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming N—H⋯N dimers with graph-set motif R22(8)

Experimental and finite element approach for finding sound absorption coefficient of bio-based foam

The enormous consumption of Polyurethane foam leads to severe environmental pollution and health hazards, so it is necessary to overcome this problem. This paper presents alternative and less hazardous foam that differs from traditional foams. A bio-based foam was developed either by using castor oil-based polyol or natural fibers as fillers. In the present study, rigid foam is synthesized by both castor polyol and luffa fiber, whereas for flexible foam, only luffa fiber is incorporated. Luffa fillers enhance the porosity of Polyurethane foam, which is the dominating factor influencing the value of the sound absorption coefficient. Both rigid and flexible foams were developed with 5, 10 and 15 percentages of filler loaded. The samples are tested experimentally using the two-microphone impedance tube method and the measured result was compared with the numerical result, which is predicted from COMSOL Multiphysics. The experimental results of flexible foam demonstrate good agreement with numerical results. The results indicate that the addition of Luffa fibers enhances the sound absorption performance of flexible foam and deterioration in the rigid foam because of the high viscosity of castor oil polyol

A Survey on Cyber Security for Smart Grid Networks

Smart grid is a electrical grid in which power generation units, transmission units, distribution units and electricity consumers are connected using advanced communication and information technologies. It is a new form of next generation power grid. Most of the countries across the globe are transforming their existing electrical grids to smart grid and hence smart grid technology is progressing worldwide. Smart grid provides a bi-directional flow of electricity and information from generation to transmission to distribution and hence more exposed to attacks. Many advanced communication technologies have been identified for smart grid usages. A secure communication infrastructure is a critical component of smart grid systems. Success of smart grids highly depends on secure communication network. Thus cyber security of smart grid networks is very important. In this paper, we summarize the cyber security threats, possible vulnerabilities and existing standards and solutions available for cyber security in smart grids networks based on the available reference material. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15050

Comparison of Ketamine and Lidocaine Spray with Propofol for the Insertion of Laryngeal Mask Airway in Children

INTRODUCTION: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) may provide a better airway, with respect to ventilation and oxygenation, than a conventional mask and oropharyngeal airway. In addition, the LMA has been successfully used to manage difficult airways as a ventilatory device by itself and as a conduit for tracheal intubation. Propofol appears to provide the best conditions for LMA insertion, although propofol frequently causes apnea, pain on injection and hypotension. To overcome this problem and to examine a better method for Laryngeal mask airway insertion in uncoperative children – a method in which the onset of action is rapid but airway and spontaneous ventilation are well maintained and a mode of drug administration other than Intravenous injection are being evaluated. Ketamine is well known for its airway maintaining activity as well as for its increase in heart rate and cardiac output, which are favourable characteristics in paediatric anaesthesia. Because it increases airway reflexes however, ketamine has been regarded as inappropriate for the preparation of Laryngeal mask airway insertion. To take advantage of airway maintaining activity and to suppress increased airway reflexes, lidocaine spray was added to the preparation of the patients before the injection of ketamine. The equipotent doses of propofol and ketamine for insertion of an LMA are not known, especially in patients premedicated with midazolam. This study compares the effectiveness of lidocaine spray and Intravenous ketamine with Propofol for insertion of LMA in children. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to compare ketamine and lidocaine spray with propofol for the insertion of laryngeal mask airway in children, based on the following parameters; • Conditions for LMA insertion. • Responses after LMA insertion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 50 paediatric patients of either sex, between the age group of 3 – 12 years. They belonged to ASA I and II and were posted for elective surgery. Those who have neuromuscular disease, psychiatric disorders, seizure disorders, respiratory tract infection, or a history of allergy or asthma were excluded. Patients were randomized into two groups to receive propofol or ketamine with lidocaine spray. Informed written consent was obtained from all parents. Study group (Group K) – Ketamine 3mg/kg with Xylocaine spray Control group (Group P) – Propofol 3mg/kg. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: This study was conducted on 50 patients who were divided into 2 groups Group K: Ketamine 3mg/kg IV with lidocaine spray Group P: Propofol 3mg /kg. The age, body weight and sex distribution of all 50 patients are shown in Table – A. There were no wide variations in the age or body weight of the study groups. The surgical procedures were mainly of general surgeries below umbilicus. SUMMARY: In our study, there was better conditions for laryngeal mask airway insertion regarding self respiration. It was better in the ketamine with lignocaine group as compared to the propofol group during LMA insertion. There was decreased incidence of airway obstruction in ketamine group as compared to the Propofol group. There was no significant difference between the two groups as far as jaw relaxation was concerned. Response to LMA insertion (laryngospasm, coughing, gagging) was also not significant between the two groups. Haemodynamically, ketamine produced an increase in the heart rate when compared to propofol. CONCLUSION: From the study, there was better conditions for laryngeal mask airway insertion regarding self respiration. It was better in the ketamine with lignocaine group as compared to the propofol group during LMA insertion. There was decreased incidence of airway obstruction in ketamine group as compared to the Propofol group. There was no significant difference between the two groups as far as jaw relaxation was concerned. Response to LMA insertion (laryngospasm, coughing, gagging) was also not significant between the two groups. we concluded that ketamine with lidocaine spray in the dose of 3mg/kg can be used for LMA insertion in children

1-(2-Azido­acet­yl)-3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C20H20N4O2, the piperidine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. The two phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 82.87 (1) and 84.40 (1)° with respect to the piperidine ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions

TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY AND LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO

ABSTRACTObjectives: Carbon nanomaterials have been used in many biomedical applications due to its unique physical properties. Functionalization of carbonnanotubes (CNT) could improve the physical properties, but pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of pristine and functionalized CNTs, are not welldefined. In this study, the toxicity of the pristine and hydroxyl group functionalized Multi‑Walled CNT (MWCNT) compared.Methods: MWCNTs was interacted with human blood. The induced morphological changes in the erythrocytes and cytotoxicity were observed atdifferent concentrations. A thin blood smear was prepared, and the erythrocyte images were obtained using a digital microscope. MTT assay used toassess the cytotoxicity.Results: The result indicate that the pristine MWCNT caused more toxic effects than –OH functionalized MWCNT, which was assessed in terms ofchanges in the morphology of the erythrocytes and cytotoxicity caused to the lymphocyte cells.Conclusion: The functionalization of MWCNT could reduce the hemotoxicity and improves the biocompatibility.Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Cytotoxicity, Echinocytes, Erythrocyte, Multi‑walled carbon nanotubes, Lymphocyte

BLNK (B-cell linker)

Review on BLNK (B-cell linker), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated

A Smart Monitoring System For Improved Efficiency And Hospital Safety

A hospital is an environment where people receive medical treatment. Overcrowding in the hospital environment may cause the spread of infectious diseases. In order to address this issue, crowd management is necessary in a hospital. Conventional crowd management has completely relied on manual methods, such as paper-based approaches and visual estimations of crowd density. These traditional methods lack real-time insights and are prone to human errors. In response, this paper introduces an innovative solution by integrating sensor fusion techniques and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms for precise crowd estimation and staff attendance verification in real-time in a hospital environment. This transition from traditional to our advanced solution ensures scalability, adaptability, improved data privacy, and cost efficiency. Our system promises dynamic decision-making based on the estimation of people in a specific region. The purpose of this project is to provide a cost-efficient solution that enhances hospital management practices by optimizing resource allocation and security measures to improve patient care and safety