449 research outputs found
MMICT: Boosting Multi-Modal Fine-Tuning with In-Context Examples
Although In-Context Learning (ICL) brings remarkable performance gains to
Large Language Models (LLMs), the improvements remain lower than fine-tuning on
downstream tasks. This paper introduces Multi-Modal In-Context Tuning (MMICT),
a novel multi-modal fine-tuning paradigm that boosts multi-modal fine-tuning by
fully leveraging the promising ICL capability of multi-modal LLMs (MM-LLMs). We
propose the Multi-Modal Hub (M-Hub), a unified module that captures various
multi-modal features according to different inputs and objectives. Based on
M-Hub, MMICT enables MM-LLMs to learn from in-context visual-guided textual
features and subsequently generate outputs conditioned on the textual-guided
visual features. Moreover, leveraging the flexibility of M-Hub, we design a
variety of in-context demonstrations. Extensive experiments on a diverse range
of downstream multi-modal tasks demonstrate that MMICT significantly
outperforms traditional fine-tuning strategy and the vanilla ICT method that
directly takes the concatenation of all information from different modalities
as input
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal miR-653-5p suppresses laryngeal papilloma progression by inhibiting BZW2
Objectives: Although miR-653-5p has been validated to participate in the progression of multiple types of cancer, the functional role of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Laryngeal Papilloma (LP) has still remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p in LP.
Methods: LP tissues (n = 15) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 10) were collected to examine the expression level of miR-653-5p. The expression level of miR-653-5p in LP cells and normal cells was also detected. Then, miR-653-5p was overexpressed or silenced to explore its effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Thereafter, the effects of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from MSCs on LP cell progression and the potential regulatory mechanism of miR-653-5p were assessed.
Results: It was revealed that the expression level of miR-653-5p was downregulated in LP tissues and cells. In addition, miR-653-5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Exosomes derived from MSCs played a suppressive role in LP development and mediated the transmission of miR-653-5p to LP cells. Further exploration identified Basic leucine Zipper and W2 domains 2 (BZW2) as the target of miR-653-5p. More importantly, the rescue experiments revealed that MSCs-secreted exosomal miR-653-5p efficiently inhibited the aggressive phenotypes of LP cells, which could be significantly reversed by BZW2 overexpression in LP cells.
Conclusion: MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p exerted inhibitory effects on LP progression through targeting BZW2, which provided a novel idea for the therapy of LP.
Clinical Trial registration number: chictr-ior-17011021
Mulberry Fruit Extract Affords Protection against Ethyl Carbamate-Induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a food and environmental toxicant and is a cause of concern for human exposure. Several studies indicated that EC-induced toxicity was associated with oxidative stress. Mulberry fruits are reported to have a wide range of bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the protective property of mulberry fruit extract (MFE) on EC-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Chemical composition analysis showed that total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in MFE were 502.43 ± 5.10 and 219.12 ± 4.45 mg QE/100 g FW. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major anthocyanins in MFE. In vitro antioxidant studies (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) jointly exhibited the potent antioxidant capacity of MFE. Further study indicated that MFE protected human liver HepG2 cells from EC-induced cytotoxicity by scavenging overproduced cellular ROS. EC treatment promoted intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion and caused mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, as well as mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation, whereas MFE pretreatment significantly inhibited GSH depletion and restored the mitochondrial membrane function. Overall, our study suggested that polyphenolic-rich MFE could afford a potent protection against EC-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress
MISSRec: Pre-training and Transferring Multi-modal Interest-aware Sequence Representation for Recommendation
The goal of sequential recommendation (SR) is to predict a user's potential
interested items based on her/his historical interaction sequences. Most
existing sequential recommenders are developed based on ID features, which,
despite their widespread use, often underperform with sparse IDs and struggle
with the cold-start problem. Besides, inconsistent ID mappings hinder the
model's transferability, isolating similar recommendation domains that could
have been co-optimized. This paper aims to address these issues by exploring
the potential of multi-modal information in learning robust and generalizable
sequence representations. We propose MISSRec, a multi-modal pre-training and
transfer learning framework for SR. On the user side, we design a
Transformer-based encoder-decoder model, where the contextual encoder learns to
capture the sequence-level multi-modal synergy while a novel interest-aware
decoder is developed to grasp item-modality-interest relations for better
sequence representation. On the candidate item side, we adopt a dynamic fusion
module to produce user-adaptive item representation, providing more precise
matching between users and items. We pre-train the model with contrastive
learning objectives and fine-tune it in an efficient manner. Extensive
experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of MISSRec, promising
an practical solution for real-world recommendation scenarios.Comment: Accepted to ACM MM 202
Effect of simulating parity-odd observables in high energy heavy ion collisions on Balance Functions of charged particles and elliptic flow of pions
At the early stage of heavy ion collisions, non-trivial topologies of the
gauge fields can be created resulting in an imbalance of axial charge density
and eventually separation of electric charges along the direction of the
magnetic field produced in such collisions. This process is called the chiral
magnetic effect (CME). In this work we implement such a charge separation at
the partonic level in AMPT for Au+Au collisions at = 200 GeV to
study its consequence on experimental observables. We present the effects on
the pion elliptic flow () and the charged particle balance function (BF)
for varying strengths of initial charge separation. We find that the shape of
the balance function is sensitive to the increasing charge separation. of
pion shows a strong decreasing trend at higher transverse momenta () with
increasing charge separation. Charge balance functions show a peak at
with charge separation implemented in the partonic level
as expected for the parity violation. We have also calculated parity observable
in the form of BF's moments. shows a decreasing trend with
charge separation. It has a negative value for charge separation produced by
flipping more than 30 of quarks in the parton level. We also notice that
for the same charge correlation and the opposite charge correlation
shows negative and positive values, respectively
Unusually stronger quantum fluctuation with larger spins: Novel phenomena revealed by emergent magnetism in pressurized high-temperature superconductor FeSe
A counter-intuitive enhancement of quantum fluctuation with larger spins,
together with a few novel physical phenomena, is discovered in studying the
recently observed emergent magnetism in high-temperature superconductor FeSe
under pressure. Starting with experimental crystalline structure from our
high-pressure X-ray refinement, we analyze theoretically the stability of the
magnetically ordered state with a realistic spin-fermion model. We find
surprisingly that in comparison with the magnetically ordered Fe-pnictides, the
larger spins in FeSe suffer even stronger long-range quantum fluctuation that
diminishes their ordering at ambient pressure. This "fail-to-order" quantum
spin liquid state then develops into an ordered state above 1GPa due to
weakened fluctuation accompanying the reduction of anion height and carrier
density. The ordering further benefits from the ferro-orbital order and shows
the observed enhancement around 1GPa. We further clarify the controversial
nature of magnetism and its interplay with nematicity in FeSe in the same
unified picture for all Fe-based superconductors. In addition, the versatile
itinerant carriers produce interesting correlated metal behavior in a large
region of phase space. Our study establishes a generic exceptional paradigm of
stronger quantum fluctuation with larger spins that complements the standard
knowledge of insulating magnetism.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
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