Magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior near the paramagnetic to ferrimagnetic phase transition temperature in TbCo2-xFex

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in TbCo2-xFex has been studied by dc magnetization measurements.On substituting Fe in TbCo2, not only the magnetic transition temperature is tuned to room temperature, but also the operating temperature range for MCE is increased from 50 K for TbCo2 to 95 K for TbCo1.9Fe0.1. The maximum magnetic entropy change (-{\Delta}SM) for TbCo1.9Fe0.1 is found to be 3.7 J kg-1 K-1 for a 5 T field change, making it a promising candidate for magnetic refrigeration near room temperature. The temperature dependent neutron diffraction study shows a structural phase transition (from cubic to rhombohedral phase with lowering of temperature) which is associated with the magnetic phase transition and these transitions broaden on Fe substitution. To investigate the nature of the paramagnetic to ferrimagnetic phase transition, we performed a critical exponent study. From the derived values of critical exponents, we conclude that TbCo2 belongs to the 3D Heisenberg class with short-range interaction, while on Fe substitution it tends towards mean-field with long-range interaction. The derived values of critical exponents represent the phenomenological universal curve for the field dependence of {\Delta}SM, indicating that TbCo2 and TbCo1.9Fe0.1 belong to two different universality classes.Comment: 12 figure

Moderating role of Islamic corporate governance between pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability and banking fraud in Kano State Nigeria

Past studies revealed that there were complicating result dominated between the headlines of mainstream news between banking factors and bank fraud. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, and bank fraud. Filling the theoretical gap in the literature this study introduce the moderating role of Islamic corporate governance in mitigating bank fraud in selected Islamic banks in Kano, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted on the banks, where bank senior managers were selected as the respondents. The study employed systematic random sampling technique for data collection, with a sample size of 351 senior managers. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. To test the relationship, both multiple regressions and hierarchical regression techniques were used. The findings revealed that pressure and capability have significant, direct and positive relationships with bank fraud, while opportunity and rationalization are not found to be significant predictors of bank fraud in Kano Nigeria. The result of hierarchical regression, establishes that some Islamic corporate governance principles, such as Adl and transparency, moderate the relationship between the independent variables in mitigating bank fraud. The findings of this study provide important Islamic background information and fraud logistics to owner/managers of banks, policy makers, and researchers to further understand the effects of opportunity, rationalization, and capability on bank fraud. The result suggests important theoretical, practical and policy implications such as fraud diamond theory, syariah compliance and managerial support in which the inclusion of Islamic corporate governance principles could enhance the resilience of the Islamic banking system in Kano, Nigeri

Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Lada melalui Perbaikan Sistem USAhatani

The research on increasing farmer's income thorough repairing pepper farmingsistem had done on November to December 2003 in Mowila and Lakomea villages,Landono sub district, Kendari regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The research aimed to knowfarmer's income degree who repaired their farming sistem with integrated farming sistemcompared farmer's income who used monoculture sistem so that to obtain description ofdifferent degree of income. The research was survey method and direct interviewed to 14farmers who integrated pepper with goat livestock and 16 farmers who had monoculturesistem. The result showed that pepper productivity on integrated farming sistem reached622,30 kg/ha while monoculture reached 242,85 kg/ha or 156,63 % in different.Difference of production caused difference of income Rp 5.536.919,23 each year or 341,85% in different. Income contribution of goat livestock on pepper farming sistem was 27,18% of totally farmer's income. Besides as added value, goat livestock can also as a sourceof organic matter and could 50, 54 % production cost of total production economically.Therefore, to sustainability of pepper farming sistem and to emphasize production cost,raise goat livestock insentivelly near pepper area can be done

Two-dimensional Induced Ferromagnetism

Magnetic properties of materials confined to nanometer length scales are providing important information regarding low dimensional physics. Using gadolinium based Langmuir-Blodgett films, we demonstrate that two-dimensional ferromagnetic order can be induced by applying magnetic field along the in-plane (perpendicular to growth) direction. Field dependent exchange coupling is evident in the in-plane magnetization data that exhibit absence of hysteresis loop and show reduction in field required to obtain saturation in measured moment with decreasing temperature.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures, corrected paper forma

Female Participation in the Labour Force of Selected Latin American Countries

Data from 17 Latin American countries concerning female participation in the labour force and selected social , economic and demographic characteristics were examined using the path analysis models. Of the 3 most important independent variables (i. e. those representing female education, fertility and urbanization) the most significant predictor was the proportion of 15 -19-year olds receiving secondary education: this accounted for more than two-thuds of the variation in levels of female participation in the labour force