Effect of the presence of pneumonia on noninvasive ventilation success in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure

Aim: To investigate the effect of the presence of pneumonia on the success of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases with acute respiratory failure. Materials and methods: Sixty patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COPD exacerbation were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups as those with pneumonia (Group 1) and without pneumonia (Group 2). According to initial pH values, cases were also divided into 3 subgroups based on pH values. C-reactive protein (CRP), APACHE II scores, requirement of endotracheal intubation, mortality, and duration of ICU and hospital stay were also recorded. Results: NIMV success was found to be 85.5% in Group 1 and 51.1% in Group 2. Endotracheal intubation rates were higher in Group 2 (P = 0.008). NIMV failure was 70.1% in Group 2 and 10% in Group 1 in patients with severe acidosis. The APACHE II scores and CRP levels were significantly higher and independent risk factors in patients with NIMV failure (P < 0.002, P < 0.001). A significant difference was not found between groups in terms of duration of hospital and ICU stays and mortality. Conclusion: The presence of pneumonia in COPD cases is a factor that reduces NIMV success, but this does not affect mortality and the duration of ICU and hospital stay

Sürekli İyileştirme-Geliştirme Anlayışıyla Kaynak Tüketim Muhasebesi: Bir Uygulama

Sürekli iyileştirme-geliştirme anlayışı uygulamasıyla maliyetlerin düşürülmesi ve kalitenin yükseltilmesi suretiyle işletmeler rekabet avantajı elde etmektedirler. Modern yönetim muhasebesi uygulamalarından olan kaynak tüketim muhasebesi işletmelerin mevcut yapısını analiz ederek işletmede uygulanacak sürekli iyileştirme ve geliştirme faaliyetleri ile ilgili sonuçları en iyi şekilde açıklayan bir stratejik yönetim muhasebesi yöntemi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sürekli iyileştirme ve geliştirme anlayışı çerçevesinde kaynak tüketim muhasebesinin uygulanabilirliği ele alınmıştır. Bu uygulama ile şirket yönetimine olası maliyet azaltma teknikleri hakkında bilgi sağlanmış ve bu bilgileri elde edebilmek için, her bir faaliyetin performanslarının analiz ve değerlendirmesi ayrı ayrı yapılmıştır. Bu şekilde üretilen mamullerin maliyetlerinde azalma sağlanmış ve işletmenin katma değer yaratmayan faaliyetleri sürekli iyileştirme-geliştirme faaliyetleri ile devamlı olarak azaltılmaya çalışılmıştır

5-Fluorouracil signaling through a calcium-calmodulin-dependent pathway is required for p53 activation and apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anti-metabolite that is in clinical use for treatment of several cancers. In cells, it is converted into three distinct fluoro-based nucleotide analogs, which interfere with DNA synthesis and repair, leading to genome impairment and, eventually, apoptotic cell death. Current knowledge states that in certain cell types, 5-FU-induced stress is signaling through a p53-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor-receptor oligomerization required for death-inducing signaling complex formation and caspase-8 activation. Here we establish a role of calcium (Ca 2+) as a messenger for p53 activation in response to 5-FU. Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that treatment of colon carcinoma cells stimulates entry of extracellular Ca 2+ through long lasting-type plasma membrane channels, which further directs posttranslational phosphorylation of at least three p53 serine residues (S15, S33 and S37) by means of calmodulin (CaM) activity. Obstructing this pathway by the Ca 2+ -chelator BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) or by inhibitors of CaM efficiently reduces 5-FU-induced caspase activities and subsequent cell death. Moreover, ectopic expression of p53 S15A in HCT116 p53 -/- cells confirmed the importance of a Ca 2+ -CaM-p53 axis in 5-FU-induced extrinsic apoptosis. The fact that a widely used therapeutic drug, such as 5-FU, is operating via this pathway could provide new therapeutic intervention points, or specify new combinatorial treatment regimes. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited.Swedish Science Foundation; Swedish and Stockholm Cancer Societies; Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation; EC-FP-6 (Chemores); EC-FP-7 (APO-SYS

EFFECT OF TOPICAL HUMIC ACID ON EXCISIONAL PALATAL WOUND HEALING: A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY IN RATS

Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of topical humic acid application on healing in oral mucosa wound in rats. Material and Methods A total of 12-week-old 72 Wistar male rats weighing 280-300 gr were used in the study. The rats were randomly grouped in 4 groups as the Control Group (K) to which no applications were made, Chlorhexidine (0.12%) Group (CHX), 80 mg/kg Humic Acid Group (HA80), and 150 mg/kg Humic Acid Group (HA150). Mucosal defects of 5-mm-diameter were induced with punch in the palatal areas of the rats. These groups were further divided into 3 sub-groups to be sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21. Epithelization, ülceration, polymorphic nuclear leukocytes (PNL), mononuclear cells (MNL), fibroblast and vascularization were examined in histopathologic evaluations. In addition, photos of the tissue samples were taken and transferred to the computer medium for histo-morphometric examinations. Results As a result of the statistical analyses, no significant differences were detected among the groups in terms of epithelization degree, PNL and MNL cell infiltration on days 7, 14 and 21. The ulcerated areas were low in HA150 Group compared to the other groups, and there was a significant difference in this respect (p&lt;0.05). Vascularization degrees were evaluated, the K Group and HA150 Group showed better results on day 7 (p&lt;0.05). On days 14 and 21, no significant differences were detected among the groups (p&gt;0.05). Wound area measurement scores were lower in HA150 Group compared to the other groups, and this result showed that the healing in HA150 Group was better (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions As a result of the present study, it was found that humic acid increased wound healing in oral cavity

Protetik tedavilerde lazerlerin kullanımı

Bu çalışmanın amacı lazer teknolojilerinin protetik tedavilere nasıl entegre edilebileceğini ve diş hekimliğinde kullanılan materyaller üzerindeki etkilerini tartışmaktır. Bu derleme, protetik tedavide kullanılan lazer çeşitlerini, lazer parametrelerini ve bunların materyaller olan etkileşimlerini inceleyen bilimsel çalışmaları kapsamaktadır

Ana modelin elde edilmesinde vakumlu kabin tekniği

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı karıştırma ve döküm tekniklerinin alçının fiziksel özellikleri üzerine etkisini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma planı iki yönlü olarak düzenlenmiştir; farklı karıştırma tekniklerinin alçının fiziksel özellikleri ve kalitesi üzerine etkisini incelemek. Örnekler karıştırma tekniklerine göre dört gruba ayrıldı: El ile karıştırma (Grup H), vakumlu mikser ile karıştırma (Grup VM), vakumlu kabin ile karıştırma (Grup VK), vakumlu mikser ve sonrasında vakumlu kabin kombinasyonu(Grup VM/VK) . Altmış örnek, üç nokta bükülme testi için hazırlandı. Model kırıklıkları kaydedilerek Kruskal-Wallis istatistik testi ile analiz edildi. Alt çene fantom akrilik dişler (Diş No: 43, 42, 41, 31, 32, 33) shoulder basamaklı metal desteksiz seramik veneer kron preparasyonu yapıldı ve ölçü alındı. Ana model üzerindeki poroziteler x40 büyütmeli mikroskop altında incelendi. Sonuçlar analizi için Tek Yönlü Varyans Analiz (α = 0.05) yöntemi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Sonuçlar göster, VM/VK tekniğinin modeldeki poroziteyi anlamlı ölçüde (p &lt; 0.05) azalttığını ve modelin dayanım derecesini arttırdığını göstermiştir. En yüksek dayanım değeri Grup VM/VK' da (31.8 ± 0.7 MPa) oluşurken en az dayanım değeri Grup H' de (20.8 ± 0.1 MPa) oluştu. Sonuç: Vakumlu kabin ve vakumlu mikser tekniği ile kombinasyonu ana model dayanıklılığını arttırır ve poroziteyi azaltır. Bundan dolayı bu teknik ana modellerin dökülmesi için düzenli olarak kullanılabilir

Performance based assessment of a small-scale artificially nourished beach

In coastal engineering studies, coastal protection procedures can be provided by hard and soft methods. Soft methods applied using the right techniques and methods are not only long-lasting but also adapt to the natural structure of the coast. This study aims to present monitoring the development of a small-scale artificial nourished beach between the groins for 15 months and analyze its performance. For this purpose, field studies were carried out with land and sea observations taken once before nourishment and at 8 different times after nourishment. The seabed and profile variations observed at different sections were analyzed after processing field data. For determining the characteristics of the natural beach and borrow area before nourishment a sieve analysis was done for sediment samples taken from the shoreline, beach face, and 1-m depth on the nourished area. Sediment transportation of nourished material was observed by monitoring the amount of material remaining in 3 sub-regions (a nearshore region between the groins - A, a region representing the seaward end of the groins - B, and a region offshore of the groins - C) in the nourished region over time. The relationship between this behavior and waves was examined by considering the wave roses and time series of wave parameters produced as a result of wave simulations performed with the third-generation wave hindcast model SWAN. Lastly, as well as the variation of the mean layer thickness, the retreat of coastline, and mean beach width on the nourished area by the time were extracted for 8 different surveys. The results show that artificial beach nourishment materials were eroded in less than five months and the beach width returned to its initial position. The nourished material transported out groin-protected area moved eastward due to north-west dominated waves and the eastward longshore transport