Penyingkiran racun siput gondang emas menggunakan granulasi aerobik (Removal of Gondang Emas Pesticide using Aerobic Granulation) / Azlina Mat Saad … [et al.]

Peningkatan jumlah populasi siput gondang emas dalam sawah padisecara langsung telah meningkatkan penggunaan racun perosak iaitu metaldehyde. Sisa racun perosak yang telah digunakan akan berakhir di dalam sistem air yang merupakan sumber air dan habitat kepada hidupan akuatik. Manusia dan haiwan lain turut menerima impak negatif dengan pencemaran ini. Sisa racun terkumpul di dalam badan mampu merosakkan sistem saraf dan hati. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini akan memantau keupayaan granul aerobik untuk menyingkirkan metaldehyde dari air sisa.Sebuah bioreaktor yang dikenali sebagai reaktor kumpulan penjujukan telah digunakan untuk membangunkan butiran aerobik. Sampel enapcemar diaktifkan diambil dari loji rawatan air sisa telah digunakan sebagai enapcemar benih untuk memulakan pembentukan granul aerobik.Biomas dalam enapcemar benih diberi makan air sisa sintetik yang terdiri daripada beberapa bahan kimia sebagai sumber karbon dan nutrien

Optimization of Ammonia Removal from Landfill Leachate by Aeration Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Landfill leachate has a high concentration of ammonia, making it a harmful pollutant for both surface and groundwater. One of the most favoured methods for removing ammonia from leachate is aeration, as it has been proven to remove a significant amount of ammonia in the most efficient and economical way. The effect of operational variables on ammonia removal efficiency by aeration was investigated in the current study by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach. Three operating parameters such as airflow rate, aeration time and lime dosage were investigated to achieve the optimization of ammonia removal. The optimal parameters for a favourable reaction of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3N) removal were found to be 6 L/min airflow, 90 minutes aeration time, and a lime dosage of 6 g/L. At these ideal conditions, Quadratic RSM predicted a maximum NH3N removal of 98.0%, which has been validated by the experiment and successfully removed 97.6%. The finding also showed that airflow rate and aeration time were more significant than lime dosage for NH3N removal. Due to increased contact time between air and liquid, regardless of the amount of lime used, increasing the aeration period ammonia removal efficiency. Considering the influential factors, determining the optimum condition for ammonia removal by aeration will explain the potential interferences that may inhibit the efficient recovery of NH3N. Hence, aeration is a promising approach for ammonia removal from landfill leachate

Characteristics of airborne Pm2.5 and Pm2.5-10 in the urban environment of Kuala Lumpur

Gravimetric and elemental analyses were conducted at a site in Kuala Lumpur from 2008 to 2010, representing the local air quality of urban and traffic. Eighteen elements were detected by ED-XRF and was further analysed for enrichment factor and correlation study. About 19.7% elements were identified and detected in PM10, including 8.2% and 11.5% in fine and coarse fractions, respectively. Al was found predominant in coarse fraction. However its composition in PM2.5 was highly enriched pointed to some anthropogenic emission source. In fine particulates, the total mass was mostly dominated by Al, K, Mg and S. Those elements, probably from biomass burning accounted for more than 90% of total elemental detected in PM2.5

Estimation of aerosol dispersion & urban air quality evaluation over Malaysia using MODIS satellite

Natural and anthropogenic aerosols varied extremely within space and time and affect the global radiation balance, and influence climatic changes. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate and characterize the dispersion of aerosols in the tropical region of Peninsular Malaysia using MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) measurements. The MODIS sensors on board the Terra satellite which enables remote sensing of aerosols at high special resolution and daily global coverage of data. This paper demonstrates the capability of MODIS to show the distribution of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over the study area. Spectral characterizers of AOT measured over Peninsular Malaysia for the period 2005 – 2007 are analyzed to understand the variability of the AOT in different seasons and location. The result showed low values on wet season and high values during the dry season for case some days. For the Correlations of the MODIS-AOT with the ground-based particulate matter indicates the spread of the aerosols all over Kuala Lumpur. The regression analyses of the MODIS-AOT and PM2.5 concentration is strongly correlated (correlation coefficient R = 0.75).From the findings of this study we illustrate the strong potentiality of satellite remote sensing in regional ambient air quality monitoring as an extension to ground measurements. With the continual advancement of remote sensing technology and global data assimilation systems, AOT measurements derived from satellite remote sensors may provide a cost effective approach as a supplementary source of information for determining ground-level particle concentration

A review on the effects of flame retardant additives towards the environment and human health

Flame retardant additives (FRAs) are normally the addition of chemicals that function to prevent or slow the spread of fires. These chemicals are used in consumer products and industries and could retain in the environment even after several decades. The toxicity mechanism and risk assessment methods of FRAs are also discussed in this paper. Papers from Scopus, Elsevier, Environmental health perspectives (EHP), Research gate, Semantic scholar, Hindawi, and Pubmed from 2003 to recent years were reviewed to provide some views on the possible risks of FRAs and their pathways into our environment as well as into human body. While FRAs could enter the environment during the manufacturing process and the usage period, consumer items are treated with FRAs, through waste streams, during illegal open burning of solid wastes, from incineration plants from landfill leachate and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. FRAs are hazardous to humans and the environment, therefore, toxicology assessment should also be consistently conducted on the latest FRAs to ensure that they would not have adverse effects on humans and the environment

Seasonal Sensitivity of Reco from Aquatic Ecosystem to Meteorological and Physicochemical Water Parameters

Ecosystem respiration (Reco) is the main contributor to carbon emissions from different types of aquatic ecosystems. For a better understanding of CO2 emissions from the water-atmosphere interface of rivers and to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors and water quality parameters on Reco, in-situ measurements were carried out in Damboviţa River in the winter season when temperatures were up to freezing point as well as in the summer period, which is the most dynamic in terms of CO2 exchange. Reco during the monitoring period ranged from 4.56 to 40.5 gm-2h-1. The statistical analysis of the data set showed that among the meteorological parameters, temperatures explain most temporal variability of CO2 fluxes. By scaling the importance of the water quality parameters, the precision of the permutations indicated the pH as the most influential parameter in the analysis of the dependent factors. The analysed data indicates that aquatic ecosystems are highly sensitive to changes in the current context of climate change, which implies that these ecosystems can easily turn into important sources of carbon in the atmosphere

Settling properties of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and aerobic granular sludge molasses (AGSM)

Aerobic granulation technology is applied to treat domestic and industrial wastewater. The Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) cultivated has strong properties that appears to be denser and compact in physiological structure compared to the conventional activated sludge. It offers rapid settling for solid:liquid separation in wastewater treatment. Aerobic granules were developed using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with intermittent aerobic – anaerobic mode with 8 cycles in 24 hr. This study examined the settling velocity performance of cultivated aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and aerobic granular sludge molasses (AGSM). The elemental composition in both AGS and AGSM were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that AGSM has higher settling velocity 30.5 m/h compared to AGS

Settling properties of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and aerobic granular sludge molasses (AGSM)

Aerobic granulation technology is applied to treat domestic and industrial wastewater. The Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) cultivated has strong properties that appears to be denser and compact in physiological structure compared to the conventional activated sludge. It offers rapid settling for solid:liquid separation in wastewater treatment. Aerobic granules were developed using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with intermittent aerobic – anaerobic mode with 8 cycles in 24 hr. This study examined the settling velocity performance of cultivated aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and aerobic granular sludge molasses (AGSM). The elemental composition in both AGS and AGSM were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that AGSM has higher settling velocity 30.5 m/h compared to AGS

Unravelling The Deposition of Indoor Microplastics at Various Heights Across Rooms

Microplastics (MP) are widely present in both outdoor and indoor environments. Extensive research has thoroughly documented the potential negative impacts of MPs on human health. This study utilized a deposited sample method for 3 weeks, with eight-hour daily exposures, using funnels and bottles to investigate the properties of MPs in the office and laboratory settings of the Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology (FCET), Universiti Malaysia Perlis. The characteristics examined included the deposition rate, size, form, and colour of the microplastics. Samples were collected at three different heights. The samples underwent pre-treatment procedures, such as physical counting and categorization (size, colour and shape). Micro-Raman analysis was performed to determine the primary polymer types. The deposition rate in the office was found to be 4,960 counts/(m2.h), while the rate in the laboratory was 6,940 counts/(m2.h). Human activities and the appearance of synthetic materials, especially from textiles, play a big role in the deposition rate of MPs in the environment. During the day, the rates were higher than at night. The results of the study showed that indoor MPs come in many different colours, with transparent and black being the most common. About 42% of the size range of fibrous MPs was between 200 µm and 2000 µm, and more than 15% of the particles were between 20 µm and 200 µm. Most of the time, fragments were smaller than strands. The most abundance polymers detected in both rooms were polycarbonate (PC), pigments and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)