Performance of Biochemical Compounds and Cup Quality of Arabica Coffee as Influenced by Genotype and Growing Altitude

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivation in the medium altitude (700-900 m above sea level, asl.) will face problems such as decreasing productivity, physical, biochemical and cup quality and increasing intensity of pest and diseaseattacks. Utilization of plant material that has good productivity and cup quality, resistance to pests and diseases is an effort that can be done to overcome theseproblems. The aims of this study is to evaluate performance of Arabica coffee quality grown at high and medium altitude area, as well as biochemical compound and cup quality changes that occur due to influence of genotypes and genotype × altitude interactions. Eight genotypes of Arabica coffee were evaluated at two locations namely KP Andungsari (1,250 m asl.) and Kalibendo (700 m asl.). The field design for each location was randomized complete block design with three replicates. Observations were made on the two quality aspects, namely the biochemical compounds and cup qualities. The result on the biochemical compounds showed that the altitude significantly affect to the content of caffeine, sucrose, and trigonelline. Effect of genotype × altitude occured to the caffeine, trigonelline, and sucrose content. Diversity of chlorogenic acid content was caused by the genotype effect. Cup test results showed that genotypes grown at high altitude had a better cup quality than genotypes on medium altitude. Cup quality variables that were changed due to altitude difference were fragrance and aroma, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, balance, and overall, while the cup quality variable that did not changed was the body. Characters of coffee aroma at the high altitude were floral, spicy and fruity, while at the medium altitude were herbal, green and grassy. The best quality genotype at the high altitude was K8, while at the medium altitude was K29. Environment (altitude) gives greater influence to the formation of coffee flavor variations produced compared to genotypes

Characteristics of Quality Profile and Agribusiness of Robusta Coffee in Tambora Mountainside, Sumbawa

Coffee development in Indomesia by means of optimalizing local resources needs to be done for increasing national coffee production as well as for expanding domestic and International markets. These opportunities must be used to gain benefit as a strategic action for raising farmer\u27s prosperity. This study was aimed to observe physical quality and flavor profile of Robusta coffee from Tambora mountainside, and to identify agribusiness coffee system applied by the farmers, including problem identification at farmer\u27s level. This research was carried out at Pekat Subdistrict (Dompu District) and Tambora Subdistrict (Bima District), West Nusa Tenggara Province. Direct observation and in-depth interviews were conducted in this study. Data collected consisted of primary and secondary data, as well as 11 green coffee samples from farmers to be analysed its physical quality and flavor profile. The number of respondents were nine stakeholders consisted of three farmers, two farmer group leaders, one field officer, one duty officer, one trader, and one large planter official. Respondents selection were based on convenience sampling method. The results showed that physical quality of coffee bean was belonged to Grade 4—6 (fair to poor quality), while broken beans shared the highest number of physical defects. Robusta coffee from Tambora mountainside performed good taste profile, that the coffee can be promoted to be fine Robusta by improving post harvest handling. Robusta coffee farming at Tambora mountainside was characterized by monoculture cropping system, average of land ownerships about 1 ha/household, and average productivity about 900—1,000 kg green coffee/ha/year. Major problems on Robusta coffee farming at Tambora mountainside consisted of lack of coffee plant maintenance as well as limited accessibility to financing and technology

Relationship Between Caffeine Content and Flavor with Light Intensity of Several Coffee Robusta Clones

Coffee is a refreshing beverage product and its price is determined by physical quality and flavor. An excellent coffee flavor is resulted only from qualified coffee beans, produced by well managed plantation. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of sunlight intensity entering coffee farm on flavor profiles and caffeine content of Robusta coffee. The experiment was conducted at the field experimental Kaliwining Estate of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) during 2009–2011. Treatments were Robusta coffee clones and sunlight intensity. Experimental design was split plot design with three replications. Robusta clones used were BP 409, BP 534, BP 936 and BP 939, planted in 2002. The sunligt intensity treatments were 100% (without shade tree), 50—60% (Leucaena leucocephala shade), and 20—30% (Hibiscus macrophyllus and Melia azedarach L. shades). Only red coffee cherries were harvested for flavor and caffeine analysis. Coffee cherries were washed, depulped and sundried until moisture content of less than 12%. The green coffee bean samples were roasted at medium level (Agtron Scale at 65#) for cupping test which involved five expert panelists by using ICCRI protocol. Caffeine content was determined by spectrophotometric method. The experiment result indicated that high sunlight intensity resulted in strong aroma of Robusta coffee, while good flavor coffee need medium light intensity. Cafein content had positive correlation with light intensity entering the coffee farm, whereas cafein content had no direct effect on Robusta coffee flavor

Gambaran Perilaku Pencegahan Covid-19

One way to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is by administering a vaccine. The government's first vaccine administration program was one of the nurse's health workers. a vaccination strategy and operational plan to close the immunization gap and reach everyone with life-saving vaccines. Efforts to achieve the goals of various programs based on Primary Health Care have been implemented to improve health status. Several indicators are used by WHO to measure the level of success of these programs. The health indicator in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which is the third goal, namely health insurance and health promotion for all ages. This study aims to provide an overview of the behavior of Covid-19 prevention in patients in the Maranatha 1 room at Mardi Rahayu Kudus Hospital. The type of design in this research is descriptive research. the number of samples in this study 32 respondents. With Test frequency distribution analysis. The results of the study can be seen that the age of the majority of respondents is 36-50 years, namely 18 respondents (56.3%), while the minority > 50 years, namely 4 respondents (12.5%). While the education of the majority of respondents was junior high school, 11 respondents (34.4%), while the minority was undergraduate, 3 respondents (9.4%). 27 respondents (84.4%) had good preventive behavior for Covid-19 patients, while 5 respondents (15.6%) had a bad minority. The majority of the descriptions of the preventive behavior of Covid-19 patients in the Maranatha 1 room at Mardi Rahayu Kudus Hospital are good.ABSTRAKSalah satu pencegahan penyebaran covid 19 yaitu dengan pemberian vaksin. Program pemerintah pemberian vaksin yang pertama diberikan yaitu salah satunya tenaga kesehatan perawat. strategi vaksinasi dan rencana operasional untuk mengatasi kesenjangan imunisasi dan menjangkau setiap orang dengan vaksin yang menyelamatkan jiwa. Upaya untuk mencapai tujuan berbagai program dengan berbasis Primary Health Care telah dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan. Beberapa indikator yang digunakan WHO untuk mengukur tingkat keberhasilan program program tersebut. Indikator kesehatan dalam Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 yang merupakan goals ketiga yaitu jaminan kesehatan dan promosi kesehatan bagi semua umur. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang perilaku pencegahan covid-19 pada pasien di ruang Maranatha 1 Rumah Sakit Mardi Rahayu Kudus. Jenis rancangan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 32 responden. Dengan Uji analisa distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa umur respondeen mayoritas 36-50 tahun yaitu 18 responden (56.3%), sedangkan yang minoritas >50 tahun yaitu 4 responden (12.5%). Sedangkan pendidikan responden mayoritas SMP 11 responden (34.4%), sedangkan minoritas Sarjana 3 responden (9.4%) . perilaku pencegahan pasien covid-19 mayoritas baik 27 responden (84.4%), sedangkan minoritas buruk 5 responden (15.6%).  Gambaran perilaku pencegahan pasien covid-19 di ruang Maranatha 1 Rumah Sakit Mardi Rahayu Kudus mayoritas baik

Pengujian sifat unggul beberapa klon harapan kopi arabika di kebun percobaan Andungsari, Jawa Timur (Testing for superior traits of some arabica coffee promising clones at Andungsari research station, East Java)

One of the major diseases which limiting production in arabica coffee is the leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, B et Br. Selection and testing on thirteen promising arabica coffee clones were carried out at endemic area for leaf rust disease, Andungsari Research Station, for six fruiting times. The aims of these test were to find out superior planting material as clone with genetic resistance to leaf rust. As the beverage commodities, criterium selections for superiority clone besides resistant to leaf rust and yielding ability of more than 1,5 ton/ha also must be excellent in cup quality. Under this consideration, BP 416 A clone showed as the best high yielding ability i.e. 1,595 kg/ha and stable, besides resistant to leaf rust disease compared to the other clones tested. This clone had good cup quality, better than earlier released variety such as USDA 762 and S 795 although was not better than Andungsari 1 that were planted in the same location. The best physical bean characteristics was obtained on BP 513 A clone wich is derived from S 795 x Caturra red, having 89.2% of normal bean and 18.3% outurn characteristics. However, due to lower yielding and more susceptible to leaf rust, this clone could not be classified as superior clone