The Chinese immigrant woman in Peru and the gender inequality in the works El tramo final and La vida no es una tómbola of Siu Kam Wen

  Con el motivo de estudiar la mujer inmigrante china en el Perú en la literatura latinoamericana, se introducen las perspectivas de familia y de género en el análisis de tres obras literarias de Siu Kam Wen, un escritor peruano de origen chino. En los dos cuentos “El tramo final”, “La vigilia” de la colección El tramo final y la novela La vida no es una tómbola, el autor intenta revelar el especial vínculo entre las mujeres y la reproducción en la cultura androcéntrica de la China tradicional y la reestructuración de la familia transnacional, que no co-rresponde a su libre decisión, en el proceso migratorio. Por medio de cuatro figuras femeninas heterogéneas, Siu Kam Wen muestra la imagen vulnerable del sujeto migrante femenino de las primeras generaciones de inmigrantes chinos en el Perú frente a la desigualdad de género y la violencia doméstica o sexual ejercida por los miembros masculinos.  In order to study the image of the Chinese immigrant women in the Latin American literature, we introduce the perspectives of family and gender to the analysis of three works of Siu Kam Wen, a Peruvian writer of Chinese origin. In two short stories “El tramo final” (“The final stretch”), “La vigilia” (“The vigil”) of the collection El tramo final (The final stretch) and the novel La vida no es una tómbola (Life is not a lottery), the author tries to reveal the special relationship between women and reproduction in the androcentric culture of the traditional Chinese society and the restructure of the transnational family, which does not correspond to the free decision of the female members. By means of four hete-rogeneous female figures, Siu Kam Wen shows how fragile are those women as immigrants of the first generations for suffering from the gender inequality and the domestic o sexual violence of the male members

La narrativa de Siu Kam Wen y la inmigración china al Perú

Con el aumento de la influencia china en América Latina, la presencia de este país oriental en el otro lado del mundo llama cada día más la atención. La gran ola migratoria de los chinos a Latinoamérica comenzó en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, con el tráfico de trabajadores «culíes» a Cuba, Panamá y el Perú principalmente. Esta tesis, bajo el título La narrativa de Siu Kam Wen y la inmigración china al Perú, se concentra en el Perú con el fin de estudiar la inmigración china reflejada en las obras narrativas de Siu Kam Wen. Muchos de los investigadores que han estudiado a este escritor de origen oriental suelen concentrarse en la transculturación que presenta en sus historias, pero no hay muchos trabajos que hablen de la heterogeneidad de las figuras que crea. A causa de los push and pull factors de los dos países, los primeros chinos entraron en el Perú en 1849 y la historia de la inmigración de este grupo se divide en tres etapas. Durante 169 años, los culíes chinos fueron tratados al principio como semiesclavos, para posteriormente recuperar la libertad y establecer sus propios negocios, que les permitieron sobrevivir en la tierra extranjera. Mientras tanto, en Lima se formó gradualmente el barrio chino, con sus correspondientes instituciones como escuelas, publicaciones periódicas y sociedades. Además, por medio del matrimonio con gente autóctona, surgieron los «tusanes», descendientes mestizos de los inmigrantes chinos nacidos en el Perú..

The «I» of the migrant subject. Analysis of «the conversion of Uei-Kuong» by Siu Kam Wen

Como escritor peruano de origen chino, Siu Kam Wen describe en el cuento «La conversión de Uei-Kuong» la vida caótica de Uei-Kuong, un peruano que se crió en China pero vuelve a vivir en Lima. Por medio del discurso múltiple del tiempo, el espacio y los narradores, Siu construye la figura del «sujeto migrante» y habla de la confusión de la identidad étnica debido a la incongruencia del «yo» cognitivo y el «mí» social. Por medio de Uei-Kuong, Siu Kam Wen logra presentar no solo el «yo individual» que sufre crisis de identidad, sino también el «yo colectivo» del hombre inmigrante chino que vive simultáneamente en dos mundos, pero condenados a pertenecer al «no lugar».As a Peruvian writer of Chinese origin, Siu Kam Wen describes in the story «The Conversion of Uei-Kuong» the chaotic life of Uei-Kuong, a Peruvian who grew up in China but returns to live in Lima. By using the multiple discourses of time, space, and narrators, Siu constructs the figure of the «migrant subject» and talks about the confu-sion of ethnic identity due to the incongruence of the cognitive «I» and the social «me». Through Uei-Kuong, Siu Kam Wen manages to present not only the «individual self» that suffers from identity crisis, but also the «collective self» of the Chinese male immigrants who live simultaneously in two worlds, but condemned to belong to the «no place».peerReviewe

Use the Spear as a Shield: A Novel Adversarial Example based Privacy-Preserving Technique against Membership Inference Attacks

Recently, the membership inference attack poses a serious threat to the privacy of confidential training data of machine learning models. This paper proposes a novel adversarial example based privacy-preserving technique (AEPPT), which adds the crafted adversarial perturbations to the prediction of the target model to mislead the adversary's membership inference model. The added adversarial perturbations do not affect the accuracy of target model, but can prevent the adversary from inferring whether a specific data is in the training set of the target model. Since AEPPT only modifies the original output of the target model, the proposed method is general and does not require modifying or retraining the target model. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the inference accuracy and precision of the membership inference model to 50%, which is close to a random guess. Further, for those adaptive attacks where the adversary knows the defense mechanism, the proposed AEPPT is also demonstrated to be effective. Compared with the state-of-the-art defense methods, the proposed defense can significantly degrade the accuracy and precision of membership inference attacks to 50% (i.e., the same as a random guess) while the performance and utility of the target model will not be affected

A Quasi‐Multinary Composite Coating on a Nickel‐Rich NCM Cathode Material for All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Inorganic solid-state batteries are attracting significant interest as a contender to conventional liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries but still suffer from several limitations. The search for advanced coatings for protecting cathode materials in solid-state batteries to achieve interfacial stability is a continuing challenge. In the present work, the surface of an industrially relevant Ni-rich LiNi$_x$Co$_y$Mn$_z$O$_2$ cathode material, NCM-851005 (85 % Ni), was modified by applying a coating containing Li, Nb and Zn, aiming at a composition Li$_6$ZnNb$_4$O$_14$, by means of sol-gel chemistry. Detailed characterization using scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and nano-beam electron diffraction showed that the surface layer after heating in O$_2$ at 500 °C contains Li$_3$NbO$_4$ nanocrystals and Li$_2$CO$_3$, with Zn presumably acting as a dopant. The protective coating on the NCM-851005 secondary particles significantly increased the cycling performance (reversible capacity, rate capability etc.) and stability of full cells using argyrodite Li$_6$PS$_5$Cl as solid electrolyte. Interestingly, the level of improvement is superior to that achieved with conventional LiNbO$_3$ coatings

Advanced Nanoparticle Coatings for Stabilizing Layered Ni‐Rich Oxide Cathodes in Solid‐State Batteries

Improving the interfacial stability between cathode active material (CAM) and solid electrolyte (SE) is a vital step toward the development of high-performance solid-state batteries (SSBs). One of the challenges plaguing this field is an economical and scalable approach to fabricate high-quality protective coatings on the CAM particles. A new wet-coating strategy based on preformed nanoparticles is presented herein. Nonagglomerated nanoparticles of the coating material (≤5 nm, exemplified for ZrO$_{2}$) are prepared by solvothermal synthesis, and after surface functionalization, applied to a layered Ni-rich oxide CAM, LiNi$_{0.85}$Co$_{0.10}$Mn$_{0.05}$O$_{2}$ (NCM85), producing a uniform surface layer with a unique structure. Remarkably, when used in pelletized SSBs with argyrodite Li$_{6}$PS$_{5}$Cl as SE, the coated NCM85 is found to exhibit superior lithium-storage properties (q$_{dis}$ ≈ 204 mAh g$_{NCM85}$$^{-1}$ at 0.1 C rate and 45 °C) and good rate capability. The key to the observed improvement lies in the homogeneity of coating, suppressing interfacial side reactions while simultaneously limiting gas evolution during operation. Moreover, this strategy is proven to have a similar effect in liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries and can potentially be used for the application of other, even more favorable, nanoparticle coatings

Achieving on-Mobile Real-Time Super-Resolution with Neural Architecture and Pruning Search

Though recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in single image super-resolution (SISR) tasks with the prosperous development of deep neural networks (DNNs), the deep learning methods are confronted with the computation and memory consumption issues in practice, especially for resource-limited platforms such as mobile devices. To overcome the challenge and facilitate the real-time deployment of SISR tasks on mobile, we combine neural architecture search with pruning search and propose an automatic search framework that derives sparse super-resolution (SR) models with high image quality while satisfying the real-time inference requirement. To decrease the search cost, we leverage the weight sharing strategy by introducing a supernet and decouple the search problem into three stages, including supernet construction, compiler-aware architecture and pruning search, and compiler-aware pruning ratio search. With the proposed framework, we are the first to achieve real-time SR inference (with only tens of milliseconds per frame) for implementing 720p resolution with competitive image quality (in terms of PSNR and SSIM) on mobile platforms (Samsung Galaxy S20)

High-altitude cerebral hypoxia promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of mouse neurons

IntroductionNeuronal cell death is an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute high-altitude cerebral hypoxia; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we tested if high-altitude hypoxia (HAH) causes neuronal death and mitochondrial dysfunction using various in vivo and in vitro approaches.MethodsAcute high-altitude cerebral hypoxia was induced by hypobaric hypoxia chamber in male mice. we explored the mechanisms of neuronal cell death using immunofluorescence, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Next, mitochondrial function and morphology were observed using Jc-1 staining, seahorse assay, western blotting, MitoTracker staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, open field test, elevated plus test, and Morris water maze were applied for animal behavior.ResultsResults revealed that HAH disrupted mitochondrial function and promoted neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis both in HT-22 cells and in mouse hippocampal neurons. Moreover, the mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production decreased in neurons after HAH, while oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission increased. Behavioral studies suggested that HAH induced anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory, while it had no effect on athletic ability.DiscussionThese findings demonstrated that HAH promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of mouse neurons, thus providing new insights into the role of mitochondrial function and neuronal cell death in acute high-altitude cerebral hypoxia

Predictors of lung adenocarcinoma with leptomeningeal metastases: A 2022 targeted-therapy-assisted molGPA model

Objective: To explore prognostic indicators of lung adenocarcinoma with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) and provide an updated graded prognostic assessment model integrated with molecular alterations (molGPA). Methods: A cohort of 162 patients was enrolled from 202 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and LM. By randomly splitting data into the training (80%) and validation (20%) sets, the Cox regression and random survival forest methods were used on the training set to identify statistically significant variables and construct a prognostic model. The C-index of the model was calculated and compared with that of previous molGPA models. Results: The Cox regression and random forest models both identified four variables, which included KPS, LANO neurological assessment, TKI therapy line, and controlled primary tumor, as statistically significant predictors. A novel targeted-therapy-assisted molGPA model (2022) using the above four prognostic factors was developed to predict LM of lung adenocarcinoma. The C-indices of this prognostic model in the training and validation sets were higher than those of the lung-molGPA (2017) and molGPA (2019) models. Conclusions: The 2022 molGPA model, a substantial update of previous molGPA models with better prediction performance, may be useful in clinical decision making and stratification of future clinical trials