Two-mediator dark matter models and cosmic electron excess

The cosmic electron energy spectrum recently observed by the DAMPE experiment exhibits two interesting features, including a break around 0.9 TeV and a sharp resonance near 1.4 TeV. In this analysis, we propose a dark matter explanation to both exotic features seen by DAMPE. In our model, dark matter annihilates in the galaxy via two different channels that lead to both a narrow resonance spectrum near 1.4 TeV and electron excess events over an extended energy range thus generating the break structure around TeV. The two annihilation channels are mediated by two gauge bosons that interact both with dark matter and with the standard model fermions. Dark matter annihilations through the s-channel process mediated by the heavier boson produce monoenergetic electron-positron pairs leading to the resonance excess. The lighter boson has a mass smaller than the dark matter such that they can be on-shell produced in dark matter annihilations in the galaxy; the lighter bosons in the final state subsequently decay to generate the extended excess events due to the smeared electron energy spectrum in this process. We further analyze constraints from various experiments, including HESS, Fermi, AMS, and LHC, to the parameter space of the model where both excess events can be accounted for. In order to interpret the two new features in the DAMPE data, dark matter annihilation cross sections in the current galaxy are typically much larger than the canonical thermal cross section needed for the correct dark matter relic abundance. This discrepancy, however, is remedied by the nonperturbative Sommerfeld enhancement because of the existence of a lighter mediator in the model.Comment: 23 pages, 21 figure

Difficulties of College Students’ Business Startups Under Economic New Normal and Their Countermeasures

The economic new normal has become a necessary stage of China’s economic development. In order to promote effective business startups of college students under economic new normal, research on influences of economic new normal on college students’ business startups and main difficulties faced by college students during business startups under economic new normal was carried out. Findings of research: The economic new normal generated more needs of business startups, needed more entrepreneurship participation of college students and required impressive promotion of the entrepreneurship efficiency. However, the present entrepreneurship environment cannot satisfy urgent needs of college students’ business startups. What’s more, factors such as lack of entrepreneurship capital, insufficient education on college entrepreneurship, low entrepreneurship quality of college students and social prejudice seriously impeded the development of college students’ business startups. Hence, support of college students’ business startups should be strengthened in aspects of entrepreneurship environment optimization, fund-raising channel innovation for entrepreneurship, innovation of the college entrepreneurship education system and social support etc.

A combined analysis of PandaX, LUX, and XENON1T experiments within the framework of dark matter effective theory

Weakly interacting massive particles are a widely well-probed dark matter candidate by the dark matter direct detection experiments. Theoretically, there are a large number of ultraviolet completed models that consist of a weakly interacting massive particle dark matter. The variety of models makes the comparison with the direct detection data complicated and often non-trivial. To overcome this, in the non-relativistic limit, the effective theory was developed in the literature which works very well to significantly reduce the complexity of dark matter-nucleon interactions and to better study the nuclear response functions. In the effective theory framework for a spin-1/2 dark matter, we combine three independent likelihood functions from the latest PandaX, LUX, and XENON1T data, and give a joint limit on each effective coupling. The astrophysical uncertainties of the dark matter distribution are also included in the likelihood. We further discuss the isospin violating cases of the interactions. Finally, for both dimension-five and dimension-six effective theories above the electroweak scale, we give updated limits of the new physics mass scales.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures, PandaX run10 data included and version accepted in JHEP, "code is available at the LikeDM website, https://likedm.hepforge.org/

Human-Computer Negotiations: A Systematic Evaluation of the Effects of Timespan, Tactic, and Search Mechanism

Artificial Intelligence and Computer Agents are having a substantial impact on our everyday lives. The current paper focuses on the prospects of humans negotiating with computer agents in e-commerce settings. We conducted experiments where the subjects negotiated the purchase of mobile plans with computer agents acting as sellers. Three time-based negotiation tactics and two search mechanisms were employed in synchronous vs. asynchronous sessions. The results suggest that computer agents’ negotiation tactics and search mechanisms have significant effects on both the subjective and objective outcomes of the negotiations, while timespan has marginal effects on the agreement rate of the negotiation

Can a Negotiator Build a Tough Impression Without Chatting? —— Implicit Power and its Influence on Human-Computer Negotiation

In this paper, we studied the influence of implicit power in an e-commerce setting where humans negotiated with computer agents. Implicit power is defined as a kind of perceived power gained indirectly through offer exchange. In much of the past research, power was always considered to be expressed directly through chat or natural language communications during negotiation. We suggest that there is another mode of expressing power other than chat: implicitly influencing. Specifically, we designed an experiment where several aspects of implicit power were studied: anchoring, agent profile image, and experiment subjects’ personality. In our experiment, the subjects negotiated the purchase of a laptop with computer agents acting as sellers. The result suggested that implicit power indeed influenced the negotiation result

Factors and Business Impacts in Human-Computer Negotiations

Negotiation commonly takes place where there are competing interests. Negotiations require a substantial amount of cognitive effort and time commitment. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently been experiencing a dramatic rise. AI and computer agents may significantly affect how negotiations are conducted. Agents can exhibit human-like behavior and follow the preferences of the principals and predefined strategies, goals, and constraints. For example, some companies already used computer sales assistant to help customers and even negotiate the price and other features online. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the transformation of the negotiation process from human vs human to human vs computer, in the context of e-commerce. By investigating various factors that influence human-computer negotiations and the impact of these factors on negotiation outcomes, the current thesis can shed light on the cognitive process underneath human-computer negotiation in the context of online purchasing. The work of this thesis is organized into three major components. As its first component, this thesis conducted a thorough search of state-of-the-art literature on human-computer negotiation and proposed a framework for future studies. Based on prior research, a list of various kinds of computer agent attributes that may influence negotiation results and the relationships between these factors and negotiation outcomes were proposed. In addition to computer agents’ attributes, this essay included past literature that studied human participants’ individual differences and the influence of such differences. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this essay investigated the development of human-computer negotiation and human participants’ acceptance and perception of a computer agent. At the end of the first essay, an overall research framework is presented. Based on the framework of essay 1, an experiment was conducted in essay 2 to investigate how various agent strategies, tactics and configurations influence the outcomes of negotiations. Specifically, essay 2 investigated the effects of negotiation tactics (concession pattern/curve), synchronous vs. asynchronous modes, and solution-search mechanisms (search between multiple issues or dive into one issue at a time) on the subjective and objective outcomes of human-computer negotiations. A 3×2×2 experiment was conducted where the subjects could negotiate the purchase of a mobile plan with computer agents acting as sellers. In this experiment, three time-based negotiation concession patterns and two solution-search mechanisms were employed in synchronous vs. asynchronous mode. On the other hand, the negotiation results were evaluated from multiple levels. Specifically, not only the overall result at group level but also the result at individual level were included in this research. On the individual level, in addition to objective measurements, subjective measures of negotiation results, such as usefulness and intention to use, were also adopted. A model was generated and tested based on TAM and a so-called TIMES framework (Task, Individuals, Mechanism, Environment, and System). Essay 3 investigates a construct named “implicit power” and the influence of implicit power in the context of online purchasing where humans negotiate with computer agents. Implicit power refers to perceived power gained indirectly through hints in the exchange of offers. In most of the prior research, when researchers talked about power, they meant the kind of power that can be gained directly through communication during negotiation. But there is another kind of power that is implicitly perceived by the other party through ways other than communication and influences negotiations as well. After introducing implicit power, a model was built to test the influence of implicit power of both negotiation parties: humans and computers. Specifically, a 2×4×3 experiment was conducted. Several aspects of implicit power were studied, including anchoring, agent avatar image power, and the power of human subjects’ personality. In the experiment, the subjects negotiated the purchase of a laptop with computer agents acting as sellers. Two anchoring conditions and four different avatar images were used to test the influence of computer agents’ implicit power. As the source of human’s intrinsic power, the participant’s personality (Social Value Orientation) was also tested in three different types: prosocial, individualistic, and competitive. This research proposed the concept of implicit power and studied the influence of several kinds of implicit power. The model built in this research shows a good ability to explain the variance in the dependent variable (R-square: 0.44)

C-E Translation of Buzzwords From the Perspective of Eco-Translatology

Buzzwords, the popular words and expressions, spread widely among the public, as the comprehensive product of society, culture and language, and it has become a new research subject in recent years. This paper analyzes the C-E translation of buzzwords from the perspective of Eco-translatology. Three-dimensional transformations of Eco-translatology provide a new aspect for us to improve the translation of buzzwords. Targeted readers will understand the translated version of buzzwords as much as possible if transformations were made from linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions