The Title of Crime and Punishment as a Key to a Holistic Analysis of Dostoevsky’s Novel at School. Article 1: Crime

The article is intended for teachers of literature and can help organize a conversation about the novel Crime and Punishment. It offers a variant of a modern reading of one of the most significant works of the school curriculum and summarizes the views of leading Dostoevsky’s scholars on the key problems of the novel, offering topical interpretations of its fundamental images and collisions. A new interpretation of Razumikhin’s image as a true “Russian personality” and the embodiment of the “brotherhood” that will save Raskolnikov is proposed here. The analysis of the multidimensional semantics of the concepts of “crime” and “punishment” included in the title allows the teacher to present a holistic analysis of the novel, organize a conversation about the key images and problems raised in it, help students grasp the depth and significance of the issues that can be “dug out” of it. Answering the questions proposed in the article and completing assignments, the students come to the conclusion that the true crime in the novel is represented by the idea, and the murder of an old woman is the result of its influence. Such concepts as “false” and “true” motives of crime, universal and actual concept of “algorithm of crime” are introduced into the methodology of school analysis of the novel, “dialectics” of a “ideologic crime” is shown. The article proposes a system of questions and tasks that can contribute to a deeper understanding of the great novel by students

The Title of Crime and Punishment as a Key to a Holistic Analysis of Dostoevsky’s Novel at School. Article 2: Punishment

The present work is intended for literature teachers. Its purpose, both scientific and methodological, is to provide the most comprehensive, reliable, and relevant research material that meets the needs of modern schools. In contemporary literature teaching, there is a need to combine the methodology of school analysis with literary research, incorporating its achievements, interpretations, and information. Therefore, the work includes extensive excerpts from the research of modern scholars on Dostoevsky. Such works are not always accessible to schoolteachers; however, without them an analysis of Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment that aligns closely with the author’s intention can be challenging or even impossible. Conceptually, the article focuses on identifying what is the true punishment in the novel, offering an interpretation that diverges from traditional views. An original approach is proposed to create a structure of the lessons dedicated to the study of Crime and Punishment, based on the concept of punishment in the novel. This structure can be developed in accordance with the milestones of the protagonist’s journey from crime and spiritual death to salvation and resurrection

STUDY OF RESISTANCE TRANSPOSONS TO MERCURY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

The work covers the resistance transposons to the mercury of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim is to study the ways and procedures for horizontal transfer of the resistance transposons to the mercury in the natural population of Gram-negative bacteria. The new resistance transposons to the mercury have been characterized, the horisontal transfer facts of resistance transposons to the mercury between representatives of the different systematic groups in Gram-negative bacteria have been demonstrated. Application field: population genetics of bacteriaAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF AMLODIPINE AND VALSARTAN IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM AND IN VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDIED

 Objective: A simple, rapid, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine and valsartan in their combined dosage forms and for drug dissolution studies.Methods: A C18 column (Zorbax Eclipse ХDB-C18, 5 μm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) and a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic acid (55:45:0.1 v/v/v) mixture were used for separation and quantification. Analyses were run at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and at ambient temperature. The injection volume was 5 μL and the ultraviolet detector was set at 265 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.Results: Under these conditions, amlodipine and valsartan were eluted at 1.64 min and 4.08 min, respectively. Total run time was shorter than 7 min. The results were 99.6 ± 0.6 and 98.5 ± 0.8 for amlodipine and valsartan, respectively. Valsartan was released within 15 min (98.32%) and amlodipine was also released within 30 min (96.16%) both at a pH of 6.8.Conclusion: The developed method was applied successfully for quality control assay of amlodipine and valsartan in their combination drug product and in vitro dissolution studies

Вивчення впливу кількості допоміжних речовин у складі порошку в пакетах саше

For developing power in sachet packages with anti-inflammatory action a special task is optimal qualitative and quantitative composition of excipients. The purpose was to study the effect of excipientʼs quantities on the pharmaco-technological parameters of power.Methods. It was composed of various compositions of active components and excipients using the method of mathematical planning of the experiment. By random balance method was studied their effects on the physico-chemical, technological and organoleptic properties of powder.Results. Analysis of the scattering diagrams for influence of quantitative factors on the mass appearance showed that the most significant on this indicator are quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate, curcumin and lemon-lime flavor. Significant factors for bulk density and density after shrinkage are quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate, lemon-lime flavor and titanium dioxide. The results of Carr Index are most influenced by the quantities of acid lemon-lime anhydrous, titanium dioxide and curcumin. Experimental values of fluidity are most depend on quantity of calcium phosphate. Quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate and titanium dioxide are the most significant for the slope angle. The greatest influence on the mass loss rates during drying show the quantities of curcumin and malic acid. On the basis of the scattering diagram for appearance of the solution the decisive influence of quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate, lemon-lime flavor and titanium dioxide was determined. Obviously, the significance of the quantity of lemon-lime flavor on smell of the solution. Analysis of the dispersion diagram for taste of the solution showed that the most important are quantities of calcium phosphate and acid citric anhydrous. The most significant factors for pH of the solution are the quantities of phosphate calcium and lemon-lime flavor.Conclusion. The effects of excipientʼs quantities on pharmaco-technological and organoleptic properties of the powder in sachet packets is investigatedПри розробці порошку в пакетах саше з протизапальною дією особливим завдання є встановлення оптимального якісного та кількісного складу допоміжних речовин. Метою дослідження було вивчити вплив кількостей допоміжних речовин на фармако-технологічні показники порошку.Методи. З активних компонентів і допоміжних речовин були складені різні композиції з використанням методу математичного планування експерименту. Методом випадкового балансу вивчено їх вплив на фізико-хімічні, технологічні та органолептичні властивості порошку.Результати дослідження. Аналіз діаграм розсіювання результатів дослідження впливу кількісних факторів на зовнішній вигляд маси показав, що найсуттєвіше на цей показник впливають вміст кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату, куркуміну й ароматизатора лимон-лайм. Значущими факторами для насипної густини і густини після усадки є кількості кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату, ароматизатору лимон-лайм і титану діоксиду. На результати дослідження індексу Карра найбільше впливають кількості кислоти лимонної безводної, титану діоксидута куркуміну. Експериментальні значення текучості найсуттєвіше залежать від вмісту кальцію фосфату. Кількості кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату і титану діоксидує найбільш значущими для кута відкосу. Найбільший вплив на показники втрати в масі при висушуванні проявляють кількості куркуміну та кислоти яблучної. На основі діаграми розсіювання зовнішньоговигляду розчину встановлено визначальний вплив кількості кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату, ароматизатору лимон-лайм і титану діоксиду. Цілком очевидним є значущість кількості ароматизатора лимон-лайм на запах розчину. Аналіз діаграми розсіювання смаку розчину показав, що найбільш значущими є вміст кальцію фосфату і кислоти лимонної безводної. Найбільш значущими факторами для рН розчину є кількості кальцію фосфату та ароматизатора лимон-лайм.Висновки. Досліджено вплив кількостей допоміжних речовин на фармако-технологічніта органолептичні властивості порошку в пакетах саше склад саш

Вивчення впливу кількості допоміжних речовин у складі порошку в пакетах саше

For developing power in sachet packages with anti-inflammatory action a special task is optimal qualitative and quantitative composition of excipients. The purpose was to study the effect of excipientʼs quantities on the pharmaco-technological parameters of power.Methods. It was composed of various compositions of active components and excipients using the method of mathematical planning of the experiment. By random balance method was studied their effects on the physico-chemical, technological and organoleptic properties of powder.Results. Analysis of the scattering diagrams for influence of quantitative factors on the mass appearance showed that the most significant on this indicator are quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate, curcumin and lemon-lime flavor. Significant factors for bulk density and density after shrinkage are quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate, lemon-lime flavor and titanium dioxide. The results of Carr Index are most influenced by the quantities of acid lemon-lime anhydrous, titanium dioxide and curcumin. Experimental values of fluidity are most depend on quantity of calcium phosphate. Quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate and titanium dioxide are the most significant for the slope angle. The greatest influence on the mass loss rates during drying show the quantities of curcumin and malic acid. On the basis of the scattering diagram for appearance of the solution the decisive influence of quantities of calcium phosphate, sodium citrate, lemon-lime flavor and titanium dioxide was determined. Obviously, the significance of the quantity of lemon-lime flavor on smell of the solution. Analysis of the dispersion diagram for taste of the solution showed that the most important are quantities of calcium phosphate and acid citric anhydrous. The most significant factors for pH of the solution are the quantities of phosphate calcium and lemon-lime flavor.Conclusion. The effects of excipientʼs quantities on pharmaco-technological and organoleptic properties of the powder in sachet packets is investigatedПри розробці порошку в пакетах саше з протизапальною дією особливим завдання є встановлення оптимального якісного та кількісного складу допоміжних речовин. Метою дослідження було вивчити вплив кількостей допоміжних речовин на фармако-технологічні показники порошку.Методи. З активних компонентів і допоміжних речовин були складені різні композиції з використанням методу математичного планування експерименту. Методом випадкового балансу вивчено їх вплив на фізико-хімічні, технологічні та органолептичні властивості порошку.Результати дослідження. Аналіз діаграм розсіювання результатів дослідження впливу кількісних факторів на зовнішній вигляд маси показав, що найсуттєвіше на цей показник впливають вміст кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату, куркуміну й ароматизатора лимон-лайм. Значущими факторами для насипної густини і густини після усадки є кількості кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату, ароматизатору лимон-лайм і титану діоксиду. На результати дослідження індексу Карра найбільше впливають кількості кислоти лимонної безводної, титану діоксидута куркуміну. Експериментальні значення текучості найсуттєвіше залежать від вмісту кальцію фосфату. Кількості кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату і титану діоксидує найбільш значущими для кута відкосу. Найбільший вплив на показники втрати в масі при висушуванні проявляють кількості куркуміну та кислоти яблучної. На основі діаграми розсіювання зовнішньоговигляду розчину встановлено визначальний вплив кількості кальцію фосфату, натрію цитрату, ароматизатору лимон-лайм і титану діоксиду. Цілком очевидним є значущість кількості ароматизатора лимон-лайм на запах розчину. Аналіз діаграми розсіювання смаку розчину показав, що найбільш значущими є вміст кальцію фосфату і кислоти лимонної безводної. Найбільш значущими факторами для рН розчину є кількості кальцію фосфату та ароматизатора лимон-лайм.Висновки. Досліджено вплив кількостей допоміжних речовин на фармако-технологічніта органолептичні властивості порошку в пакетах саше склад саш

Financing the digitalization of agribusiness: Russian and foreign experience

The scientific article is devoted to the study of domestic and foreign experience in financing the digitalization of agribusiness. The purpose of the scientific research is a critical review and analysis of the best domestic and foreign practices for financing the digital reform of the agro-industrial complex and related problems and possible solutions. When preparing a scientific publication, general scientific methods (observation, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, the method of logical reasoning) and specific scientific methods (static analysis, peer review, graphical method) were used. Results: a critical review of domestic and foreign practice showed a significant role of private and corporate investors in the face of venture funds, endowment funds of specialized universities and active processes of intercompany cooperation between agribusinesses and IT companies. In the Russian Federation, the practice of financing the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex, on the contrary, is built on the high centralization of financial resources represented by the state regulator - the Ministry of Agriculture and its subordinate funds. This leads to the conclusion about the need for a deep revision of the mechanism for providing financing in favor of decentralizing tools and popularizing the work of private and corporate funds for financing agrotech, as well as developing the practice of online application through the developing virtual banking service for financing the APK "Smart- Contract"

Digitization of the economy of the agricultural complex: problems and prospects

This study allows us to conclude that digital expansion in the agricultural and processing sectors of the economy is most effective when using models: «pure producer», business model «from the field to the counter», «agro-industrial ecosystem». The main directions of digital transformation in the sphere of agro-industrial complexes are: precision farming, smart farms, smart greenhouse systems (complexes), the program of technological cooperation between agro-industrial complexes and IT- sphere «Industrial FoodNet». The fundamental problems and barriers to the digitalization of the agro-industrial economy are: misunderstanding of the importance of this activity on the part of many agricultural producers; lack of incentives and benefits for agro-industrial organizations and IT companies involved in cross-industry cooperation and import substitution; poor awareness of advanced automated innovation machine technologies and technical means due to digital transformations and artificial intelligence; negative impacts of the reduction of international exchanges and the application of sanctions to Russian manufacturers. In the process of searching for effective directions of digital transformation in the country’s industry under study, the author prepared scenarios based on the Foresight «4 Worlds» method, each of which describes the likely trajectory of the industry development, taking into account the dominant internal and external factors and prerequisites

US e-learning course adaptation to the Ukrainian context: lessons learned and way forward

Abstract Background Access to continuing education opportunities is limited for Ukrainian healthcare workers, and the need is acute in order to support healthcare reform efforts currently underway in Ukraine. Online learning is a cost-effective mechanism for continuing education since healthcare workers can remain on the job during training. It also provides a means of keeping health professionals up to date on their knowledge and skills in rapidly changing and increasingly complex healthcare environments. Methods This paper describes the process of adapting an existing e-learning course from a US institution to the Ukrainian setting. Course participants’ feedback was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the adapted version that was piloted twice in 2016–2017 with 53 participants in total, 46 of whom completed the course and contributed to the evaluation. Results This was the first fully online course on Leadership and Management in Health (LMiH) to be offered in Ukraine. Several lessons were learned during course adaptation when multiple aspects of the Ukrainian environment were taken into account including 1) linguistic accessibility, 2) access to the Internet, 3) computer literacy, and 4) novelty of online learning. Based on these findings, course material was first adapted by translating it from English to Ukrainian with the emphasis on cultural adjustment of idioms and real life examples. Then, using the first pilot results and participants suggestions, videotaped interviews with local healthcare management experts were added in order to further enhance cultural suitability as well as relevance and applicability of the course concepts. The last but not least lesson learned consisted in the fact that enhancing, transitioning, and sustaining online learning to new contexts required engagement of key stakeholders, national level support, and technical assistance through implementation and beyond yet turned out to be both cost-effective and sustainable investment of limited resources. Formative evaluation confirmed that the adaptation efforts resulted in a course relevant and acceptable to healthcare professionals in Ukraine. Conclusion Transition of the course to local ownership was accomplished in partnership with the Ukrainian Family Medicine Training Center in the Bogomolets National Medical University in Kyiv: LMiH is now certified for continuing medical education credit and offered twice a year by this institution. Lessons learned from this experience provide a roadmap for rapidly increasing access to new knowledge and skills for healthcare workers by adapting existing online resources to local needs; they are used to facilitate rapid expansion of other continuing education offerings in Ukraine: additional online courses from the University of Washington (UW) are planned for adaptation