Effects of grain and protein sources on diet preferences, milk yield and milk composition of choice-fed German Fawn x Hair crossbred goats in mid lactation

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of grain (barley vs. corn) and protein sources (soybean meal (SBM) and Corn Gluten Meal (CGM)) on diet selection, milk yield and milk compositions of choice-fed Goats. A 2 by 2 factorial design was employed with 2 grain sources (barley or corn) and 2 protein sources (soybean meal; SBM or Corn Gluten Meal; CGM) as main effects. The groups received grain and protein sources besides wheat bran and alfalfa hay, which chopped in 1.5-2 cm length. Each group received feed stuff as free choice ad libitum in a special trough divided into 4 parts for grain and protein sources, wheat bran and alfalfa hay for a week training + an 8-weeks testing period. The results showed that type of grain (barley or corn) and protein (SBM or CGM) affected the nutrient contents of diets selected. The does offered barley as a grain source consumed higher amount of protein sources. The does offered SBM as protein source selected the diet having lower ADF, NDF and RUP contents and higher CP content than those offered CGM as a protein source. Grainxprotein source interaction also affected (p<0.05) nutrient composition of the diets selected. In barley groups, the does offered CGM selected diets with higher NDF but lower ME content than those selected by the does offered SBM, however, no such a difference according to the protein source was observed in the groups receiving corn. Live weight change, dry matter intake (DMI), DMI/milk yield ratio and ME intake were lower (p<0.05) in the groups receiving barley than those having corn. Fat corrected milk yield, fat and protein yield and ADF intake were higher (p<0.05) for the does offered CGM than those offered SBM. ADF and NDF intakes and milk NPN contents were affected (p<0.05) by grainxprotein source interaction. The does receiving SBM with barley consumed less ADF and NDF than the does receiving CGM with barley, but the does offered corn did not change their ADF and NDF intakes according to the protein sources. Milk NPN content was decreased by CGM with barley. The results suggest that lactating goats have a good nutritional wisdom that allowing them to select nutritionally balanced diet and to avoid feedstuffs causing nutritional discomfort when different grain and protein sources were supplied simultaneously and freely. © Medwell Journals, 2008

Effects of boric acid supplementation on egg production and quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

The present study was carried out to determine whether dietary boric acid would affect egg production parameters and egg shell quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). In the study, 135 female Japanese quails at 8 weeks of age were used. The quails were divided into 3 groups randomly, each treatment group contained 3 subgroup containing 15 birds each. Commercial maize-barley based standard layer diets were formulated as basal diets for the control treatment, basal diets were supplemented with 200 and 400 ppm boric acid. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results obtained in this experiment showed that boric acid supplementation to the diet significantly affected egg weight, egg shell thickness and feed conversion efficiency, but there was no significant difference between the control and the boric acid supplemented groups in feed intake, egg production, egg shell weight, egg shape index

Effect of dietary supplemental yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of male lambs

To determine the effect of Yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of growing male lambs in two consecutive experiments, 30 lambs (Assaf, in the first experiment, lie de France x Awassi crossbred in the second experiment), weaned at 70-80 days, were equally divided in two groups with three replicates each. Lambs in both the groups were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenic diets and, the diet in treatment group was supplemented with 150ppm Yucca schidigera. The diets had 90% concentrate and 10% alfalfa, straw, containing 2.45 µcal ME/kg and 160g CP/kg. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of Yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of lambs under our feeding regime with a diet containing high level (90%) of concentrate. © GSP, India

Effect of probiotics on growing performance and health of calves

The study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics based on Lactobacillus spp. on the performance and health status of Holstein male calves. Twelve three-day old calves, with mean initial live weight of 35 kg were assigned to the control and the probiotics groups. All calves were weaned at the 60th day. They consumed 228 L of whole milk twice daily until weaning. The calves from the probiotics group received daily 2 g of probiotics with the morning milk. The results obtained in the experiment showed that there were no differences in daily gain, roughage, concentrate or total feed intake, feed/gain ratio and weaning weight. Calves fed probiotics were healthier than those from the control group. Three calves from the control group and one calf from the probioticss group died from scour and/or bloat. In respect to diarrhea and bloat cases, the probioticss group was superior to the control. It would be concluded that the probioticss administration before weaning could improve calf health and decrease mortality and medication cost

The effects of sprinkler+fan, fish meal or dietary fat on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows in mid lactation during summer

Two studies were conducted to evaluate 1. the effectiveness of sprinkler+fan (SF) and fish meal (FM) and 2. SF and protected fat (PF) in alleviation of heat stress in dairy cows in mid lactation. The studies were carried out in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, in a 4 x 4 Latin square design on four multiparous lactating dairy cows. The treatments in the first trial were 1. no SF and no FM, 2. no SF and 3.67% FM in the diet (on DM basis), 3. SF and no FM and 4. SF and 3.67% FM. The treatments in the second trial were 1. no SF and no PF, 2. no SF and 2.54% PF in the diet (on DM basis), 3. SF and no PF and 4. SF and 2.54% PF. Cows were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenic TMR, containing 2.52 Mcal ME/kg DM and 180 g CP/kg DM. The cows received mild heat stress for 9 h (from 07.00 to 10.00 and from 17.00 to 23.00) and moderate heat stress for 7 h (from 10.00 to 17.00) daily for the entire experimental period. SF decreased (P&lt;0.05) rectal and skin temperature and respiration rate. SF improved milk yield for 2.21 kg in the first trial (P&lt;0.07, 19.24 vs 21.45 kg d-1) and 1.22 kg in the second one (P=0.15, 19.47 vs 20.69 kg d -1). FM had no effect on milk yield of neither cooled nor no cooled cows, but tended to increase (P=0.12) milk protein, independently from SF application. Additionally, PF increased FCM and fat yield (P&lt;0.05) and tended to increase (P=0.07) milk fat content independently from SF application. The results of both studies suggest that applying sprinklers plus fan can improve milk yield better than nutritional manipulation using either FM or PF. The results also suggested that PF could be more beneficial than FM under heat stress condition when the dietary protein level is high

Spatial Reflections of Population Movements in Gokceada and Sustainable Tourism

Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey Gokceada has experienced many population movements due to various internal and external factors. While some of the citizens of the Island who were the inhabitants of the traditional settlements left, they were replaced by new dwellers. This transformation in the population undoubtedly has paved the way for certain changes in the cultural and spatial structure. Besides all these changes, the demand for tourism in the Island has increased recently. Yet, there is a general expectation that the unique natural beauty and historical heritage of the Island should be preserved, and for this reason the quality of tourism has an immense significance in terms of preserving its natural areas, and its history as a social memory. In this study, population movements have occurred since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey is evaluated with respect to the preservation of the cultural heritage and sustainability of tourism. For this purpose, a literature search, an analysis of the population data and the assessment of field surveys have been carried out