Synthesis and properties of hyperbranched polyester polyacrylic acids and their metal complexes

New polydentate ligands based on the hyperbranched third generation polyesters containing terminal acrylic acid fragments were synthesized. The ionization and complexation parameters of new compounds in solution were estimated by spectrophotometry and pH-metric titration followed by experimental data processing using mathematical simulation by the CPESSP program. The procedure for the synthesis was proposed. The polynuclear cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes with polyester polycarboxylates were synthesized. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

EPR study of nitric oxide production in rat tissues under hypokinesia

EPR spectroscopy was used to study the intensity of nitric oxide (NO) production upon modeling 60-day progressive hypokinesia (restriction of motor activity) in rats and estimating the content of (DETC)2-Fe2+-NO complexes in heart and liver tissues. In 30 days of hypokinesia, there was a 2-3-fold increase in tissue NO. Administration of a nonspecific inhibitor of NO synthases, L-NAME, to hypokinetic rats prior to measurement decreased their NO level even below the untreated control. Our results show that the intensified NO production in hypokinesia is mainly due to NO synthases, rather than to the nitrite reductase pathway. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Magnetic Resonance of Ferritin Crystalline Particles in Tumor Tissue

Lyophilized samples of human tumor tissue exposed and not exposed to radiation therapy were investigated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The measurements were taken in the temperature range of 4-280 K on an X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. Two types of ferromagnetic resonance signals were detected. The first type signals (g eff ≈ 2.1 ÷ 2.4) were detected in the spectra of 25% of the samples. The orientational dependence of these signals has been found. The temperature dependences of the first type signals were measured. Specific features were observed near the temperature of 125 K. They are evidently typical for the Verwey phase transition in magnetite. We suppose that the first type signals may belong to arrays or chains of ferritin particles with the crystal core in the form of magnetite. The temperature dependences of magnetic resonance characteristics of ferritin in tumors are differ from those of the same characteristics of ferritin in healthy tissue investigated before. In spectra of irradiated tumors, the second type signals at low fields were detected which may be due to aggregates of different iron particles in cell lysosomes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag

Hyperbranched polyester poly[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propionates] and their copper(II) complexes

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Novel polydentate ligands on the basis of second- and third-generation hyperbranched polyesters containing terminal poly[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propionate] groups and their 6 : 1 and 13 : 1 polynuclear copper(II) complexes were synthesized. The degree of functionalization of the polyesters with morpholine increases in going from the second (56%) to third generation (68%). According to IR and electronic spectroscopy data, each coordination entity in the complexes is an isolated paramagnetic center of the formula CuN 2 O 2 Solv 2 (Solv = H 2 O, DMSO)

EPR Detection of Iron Storage in Rat Tissues After Simulated Microgravity Model

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.By a method of spectroscopy of electron paramagnetic resonance the tissues of rats after exposure of microgravity simulation (model of hindlimb unloading) were investigated. In the tissues of heart, lung, liver and muscles the signals of electron magnetic resonance (EMR) depending on orientation were detected. The temperature and orientation dependences of the signals were studied. Comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the EMR signals made it possible to identify the source of the signals as a crystalline magnetite. Three types of anisotropic EMR signals corresponding to a variety of spatial forms of accumulation of biogenic magnetite were detected. The appearance of the signals after microgravity simulation indicates an alteration in iron metabolism and an abnormal accumulation of iron in the rat tissues

Hyperbranched polyester poly(3-diethylaminepropionate)s and their copper(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and biological investigation

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.New polydentate ligands based on hyperbranched second and third generation polyesters containing terminal (3-diethylamino)propionate fragments and their polynuclear copper(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The acid-base properties spectroscopy determined that the functionalization degree of the diethylamine-modified hyperbranched polyesters (LI, LII) increases from the second (56%) to third (81%) generation. The polynuclear complexes Cu(II)-LI and Cu(II)-LII were observed. A coordination site of the complexes contains paramagnetic fragment CuN2O2Solv2 where Solv is H2O or DMSO. The hyperbranched poly(ester amine) of the third generation have strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus culture, and its metal complex is active against Candida albicans culture

Changes in nitric oxide in heart of intact and sympathectomized rats of different age

Nitric oxide production in heart tissues of rats of different age in the norm and after pharmacological sympathectomy was studied by electron spin resonance spin-trapping. Rats at the age of 14, 21, 70, and 100 days were used in the experiment. The concentration of nitric oxide produced in rat heart tissues proved to considerably decrease during ontogeny. Pharmacological sympathectomy notably decreased nitric oxide production in the heart in 14-and 21-day-old rats: the nitric oxide concentration in the spin trap as well as the level of R and T conformers of hemoglobin nitrosyl complexes decreased. In 70-day-old rats, pharmacological sympathectomy had no notable effect on the level of nitric oxide-containing paramagnetic complexes. © 2008 MAIK Nauka

Лекарственные препараты пыльцевых аллергенов: современные аспекты стандартизации

Scientific relevance. Pollen allergen medicines are in high demand, and their therapeutic benefits directly correlate with their standardisation. Better diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases require state-of-the-art procedures for assessing the allergenic activity of pollen allergen products using reference standards and physicochemical testing methods.Aim. The study aimed at developing methodological approaches to the standardisation of pollen allergen products in order to shift to measuring their potency in allergenic activity units (AAU) and bring their quality in line with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The study used pollen allergen reference standards by Microgen, the WHO International Standard for timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen extract, a gel filtration standard kit of molecular weight markers ranging from 1.35 to 670 kDa, bovine serum albumin, serum samples with specific IgE obtained from donors sensitised to the study pollen allergens, labelled anti-human IgE antibodies, and reference standards for determining residual volatile solvents by gas chromatography. The identification of in-house reference standards for the potency of pollen allergens involved Western blotting (for allergenic components). The total protein content was determined by Bradford’s assay. In addition, the authors used high-performance liquid chromatography to study protein fractions and gas–liquid chromatography to determine the content of residual organic solvents.Results. To substitute the existing method of non-specific characterisation of allergenic activity in protein nitrogen units (PNU), the authors developed and tested a new method to control allergenic activity in allergenic activity units (AAU) based on an in vitro competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure developed and validated in this study. Furthermore, the authors developed and certified 15 primary in-house reference standards with allergenic activity established in AAU/mL using skin tests in vivo. The experimental data were analysed to  standardise  the  allergenic  activity  of  the  pollen  allergens  manufactured by Microgen. The authors developed physicochemical methods for the certification of in-house reference standards and validated these methods in accordance with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. The study involved selecting chromatographic separation  conditions for residual organic solvents (acetone and diethyl ether) and establishing system suitability criteria for the chromatographic system. The allergenic activity of secondary in-house reference standards was certified against that of primary in-house reference standards using competitive ELISA. Thus, the authors managed to shift to the standardisation of pollen allergen products in vitro.Conclusions. The authors developed their competitive ELISA-based method to standardise pollen allergen products by comparing the inhibition of immune responses to a product and       a standard. The study demonstrated the feasibility of substituting allergenic activity quantification (in AAU) for protein nitrogen content determination (in PNU) and showed the first example of using AAU for the certification of in-house reference standards. Additionally, the authors developed and validated an analytical procedure for determining the content of residual organic solvents in pollen allergen products by gas–liquid chromatography.Актуальность. Лекарственные препараты пыльцевых аллергенов являются наиболее востребованными. Терапевтическая польза от их применения зависит от стандартизации. Для повышения эффективности диагностики и лечения аллергических заболеваний необходимы современные методы оценки специфической (аллергенной) активности лекарственных препаратов пыльцевых аллергенов с применением стандартных образцов и методов физико-химического анализа.Цель. Разработка методологических подходов к стандартизации лекарственных препаратов пыльцевых аллергенов для перехода к нормированию специфической активности в единицах аллергенной активности (ЕАА) и приведения качества препаратов в соответствие с требованиями Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации.Материалы и методы. Использовали стандартные  образцы  пыльцевых  аллергенов  (АО «НПО «Микроген»), стандарт ВОЗ аллергена из пыльцы тимофеевки посевной, набор стандартов для эксклюзионной хроматографии MW 1350–670000 Da, бычий сывороточный альбумин, специфические IgE-содержащие сыворотки крови от лиц, сенсибилизированных к исследуемому аллергену, меченые антитела к IgE человека, стандартные образцы летучих растворителей для газовой хроматографии. Подтверждение подлинности стандартного образца предприятия аллергенной активности аллергена (СОП ААА) проводили методом вестерн-блота (аллергенные компоненты), содержание общего белка определяли колориметрически (метод Бредфорда). Дополнительно для изучения белковых фракций применяли метод высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Количество остаточных органических растворителей в препаратах аллергенов оценивали при помощи газожидкостной хроматографии.Результаты. Вместо существующей ранее неспецифической характеристики аллергенной активности в единицах белкового азота (Protein Nitrogen Unit, PNU) был разработан  и апробирован новый метод контроля специфической активности в ЕАА на основе конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа (кИФА). Разработана и валидирована методика контроля аллергенной активности in vitro на основе кИФА. Проведены разработка и аттестация 15 первичных СОП ААА с присвоением им аллергенной активности в  EAA/мл по результатам тестирования методом кожных проб in vivo. Выполнен анализ экспериментальных данных с целью установления норм аллергенной активности для номенклатуры пыльцевых аллергенов, выпускаемых АО «НПО «Микроген». Разработаны и валидированы в соответствии с Государственной фармакопеей Российской Федерации физико-химические методы аттестации СОП ААА. Определены условия хроматографического разделения остаточных органических растворителей (ацетона, диэтилового эфира) и параметры пригодности хроматографической системы. Проведена аттестация вторичных СОП ААА методом кИФА по показателю аллергенной активности относительно первичных СОП, что позволило перейти к стандартизации препаратов аллергенов методом in vitro.Выводы. Разработана методология  стандартизации препаратов  аллергенов  методом кИФА по степени ингибирования иммунологической реакции в сравнении со стандартным образцом. Обоснована целесообразность исключения  показателя  «Содержание  белкового азота» (в единицах белкового азота, PNU) и замены его на показатель «Аллергенная активность» (в ЕАА). Полученные СОП ААА впервые на предприятии были аттестованы в ЕАА. Разработана и валидирована аналитическая методика определения количественного содержания остаточных органических растворителей в препаратах аллергенов с помощью метода газожидкостной хроматографии

CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS COLLEGE:ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS

This paper discusses the organizational issues of certification of teachers college. The author proposes a conceptual approach as a change in the structure and content of certification - a systematic approach. Marked subjects and structure of certification showing their function in the process