Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, Agenda 2030; Capacitación de profesorado desde la perspectiva de Derechos Humanos

Memoria ID-2020/004 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Group cohesion: Relationships with work team culture

[EN]The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between group cohesion and the perceived culture and desired culture of work teams. Two separate studies were carried out with a time interval of one year. The first study had a sample of 50 work teams belonging to different organizations and the second study had a sample of 75 work teams. We used Lindell’s index of agreement to estimate the culture and cohesion variables. Multiple and hierarchical regression analysis in both studies confirmed our initial hypothesis, showing that perceived and desired culture were positively related to group cohesion, and that culture gap had a negative association with cohesion. To a lesser extent, control variables such as job tenure and gender had a positive relationship with cohesion. The implications of these results are discussed along with the importance of considering the group level as analysis. [ES]Cohesión grupal: relaciones con la cultura de los equipos de trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre cohesión grupal y la cultura percibida y deseada de los equipos de trabajo. Se realizaron dos estudios independientes con un intervalo de un año entre ambos. El primer estudio lo integraron 50 equipos de trabajo pertenecientes a diferentes organizaciones y el segundo estudio tuvo una muestra de 75 equipos de trabajo. Para estimar las variables de cultura y cohesión utilizamos el índice de acuerdo de Lindell. Los análisis de regresión múltiple y jerárquica en ambos estudios confirmaron nuestra hipótesis inicial, mostrando que tanto la cultura percibida como la cultura deseada estaban positivamente relacionadas con la cohesión grupal, y que el desfase cultural se relacionaba negativamente con la cohesión. En menor medida, las variables de control como antigüedad en el trabajo y género tenían una relación positiva con la cohesión. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados junto con la importancia de considerar el nivel grupal como análisis

The Role of Geographical Area and Entrepreneurs' Personality

[EN] This study proposed a line of research on entrepreneurship based on the analysis of personality traits and geographical area. Its objective is to identify whether certain personality traits or sociocultural variables typical of a particular geographical area influence those who have already started an entrepreneurial activity to keep it up, in other words, to maintain their entrepreneurial intention. The research results reach a sample of 479 entrepreneurs from two Iberian Peninsula geographical areas. The analyse of the psychometric properties on the Entrepreneurial Orientation Questionnaire (EOQ) identified five dimensions of the enterprising personality. They also evidence that geographical location is a factor that contributes to the development of the entrepreneurial intentions that determine the business profile. The results show that entrepreneurs in the northern area tend to maintain their business than those in the central zone

Impact’s Perception of Entrepreneurship Competences Acquisition in Polytechnic High Education Students

The discussion about the evaluation of the teaching of entrepreneurship or training programmes from the perspective of a higher education institution is usually linked to the quantitative impact of entrepreneurship creation and often does not take into account the increase in skills and abilities, or the evolution towards a more entrepreneurial mind-set. In this chapter, the authors propose to analyse the learning perceptions of students who participated in the Poliempreende programme of Portuguese polytechnics. The goal is to see if students feel that their participation was profitable, not only for their personal development, but also for their professional work. Within a perspective of learning in an entrepreneurship, the transformation of entrepreneurs’ experiences into knowledge can influence the relationship between their professional experience and the development of their wisdom about entrepreneurship. Thus, it is proposed to implement the evaluation of the impact of the perception of these students through the evaluation model of Kirkpatrick

The program Bet on your life example of community intervention in addictions in social policies

[ES] En la actualidad, el juego de apuestas está generando alarma social debido al incremento de su uso, especialmente en los menores. Esta situación está obligando a los poderes públicos a adoptar medidas dirigidas a su regulación, y al diseño de políticas públicas de intervención comunitaria, especialmente dirigidas al colectivo de los jóvenes. El juego responsable es una estrategia preventiva incluida en la prevención selectiva dentro de las políticas públicas en adicciones. Para elaborar un programa adecuado es necesario conocer la situación real de la conducta que queremos abordar desde diferentes perspectivas, los factores individuales de las personas que juegan, los factores sociales e interaccionales y los factores contextuales, además de elementos de gran relevancia como es el estado de la norma y la influencia de la publicidad, entre otros. Analizando la ludopatía se pueden extraer factores preventivos para el desarrollo de programas. El programa apuesta por tu vida es un ejemplo de programa basado en el estudio científico para el desarrollo de los objetivos y las acciones que se enmarcaran en el mismo. Las políticas públicas deben desarrollarse en base a dos elementos: el conocimiento científico y la realidad social. [EN] Gambling is currently generating social alarm due to the increase in its use, especially by minors. This situation is forcing the public authorities to adopt measures aimed at regulating it and designing public policies for community intervention, especially aimed at young people. Responsible gambling is a preventive strategy included in selective prevention within public policies on addictions. In order to elaborate an adequate program it is necessary to know the real situation of the behavior we want to address from different perspectives, individual factors of gamblers, social and interaction factors and the contextual factors, as well as elements of great relevance such as the state of the norm and the influence of advertising among others. By analyzing pathological gambling, we can extract preventive factors for the development of programs. The program bet on your life is an example of a program based on scientific study for the development of the objectives and actions that will be framed within it. Public policies must be developed based on two elements: scientific knowledge and social reality

The third sector in times of COVID-19: the reality of Spain and Colombia

[ES] El tercer sector en Latinoamérica y España se ha caracterizado por dar una respuesta rápida y eficaz ante todo tipo de emergencias, demostrando la capacidad de adaptación ante las circunstancias sociales del momento. Sus redes son estructuras que evidencian buena coordinación y colaboración. La COVID-19 ha demostrado que deben continuar jugando un papel protagonista en la defensa de los derechos humanos, y en la promoción de valores para construir una sociedad justa e igualitaria. [EN] The third sector in Latin America and Spain has demonstrated by its rapid and effective response to all types of emergencies, as well as its capacity to adapt to the social circumstances of the moment. Third sector networks are structures that display good coordination and collaboration. COVId-19 has shown that it must continue to play a leading role in the defense of human rights and the promotion of values to build a just and egalitarian societ

Políticas públicas en defensa de la inclusión, la diversidad y el género IV: Interculturalidad y derechos humanos

[ES] La diversidad cultural, enriquecedora de valores y capacidades para la humanidad, como destaca el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Cultural de la UNESCO (2005), precisa de una necesaria gestión intercultural para garantizar la interacción equitativa de culturas y la posibilidad de generar expresiones culturales compartidas, adquiridas por medio del diálogo y de una actitud de respeto mutuo.Esta obra colectiva e interdisciplinar, a la que han contribuido investigadores procedentes de diversos países e instituciones, aborda la interculturalidad desde la perspectiva del respeto y la promoción de los Derechos Humanos. De este modo, se tratan las políticas públicas y la tutela judicial de la interculturalidad, afrontando la discriminación y odio vinculados a la cultura, el uso del Derecho Penal como elemento represor de la diferencia, los conflictos territoriales y la protección frente a la discriminación en el ámbito laboral. Así mismo, se presta especial atención a los colectivos vulnerables, la integración de segundas y posteriores generaciones y a los modelos de intervención para la convivencia intercultural, destacando la diversidad cultural en el contexto educativo y las diferentes estrategias comunicativas. Todo ello, sin olvidar el análisis desde una perspectiva cuantitativa de la interculturalidad y los Derechos Humanos y su abordaje crítico desde el enfoque interseccional

Social representation of entrepreneurship among portuguese higher education students

This study aims to know the Social Representation of Entrepreneurship among Portuguese higher education students. 966 students answered through a free word evocation technique based on the term entrepreneurship. 4,726 terms were identified in a total of 339 different words. The results show a central core organized around the core concepts of Creativity, Company, Initiative, Innovation, Business, and Work. A first periphery was identified with terms such as Support, Autonomy, Development, Money, and Commitment. A second periphery contains aspects such as Determination, Leadership, and Realization. A contrasting core, referred to by a minority group, is composed of elements such as Power, Boldness, and Aspiration. The results suggest that the core definition of entrepreneurship has attained the status of social representation among Portuguese higher education students

A Comparative Study Of Gender-Based Violence Among Women In Prison

[EN] The Bangkok Rules call for programs and interventions aimed at care and rehabilitation with a focus on individual needs and in particular on gender and trauma management and the specific needs of women in prison need to be identified. This research aims to carry out a comparative study in prison of the situation of women who have suffered violence in their intimate partner relationships versus those who have not suffered this type of violence and specifically a) to analyze the differences between these women taking into account the intersectional model, b) to identify the different types of violence experienced and c) their relationship with the use of medication as a strategy for coping with the trauma suffered. Seventy-six interviews were carried out with women, 56% of whom had suffered situations of abuse. Among the results obtained, it stands out that the violence suffered is not related to their country of origin, the types of violence suffered are characterized by economic, psychological and sexual violence, these women have suffered bidirectional and situational violence and the use of medication is prevalent among women who have suffered abuse

Toward Gender Understanding: Examining Ambivalent Sexism among University Students and Its Impact on Faculty Evaluation

[EN] This study examines gender differences in levels of sexism among university students and evaluates variations in assessing sexist attitudes toward professors. The aim is to analyze potential disparities between men and women regarding ambivalent sexism (both hostile and benevolent) and to determine if these differences influence the evaluation of specific behaviors by teaching faculty. Additionally, the present study seeks to validate the variability hypothesis, asserting that men are over-represented in the extremes of distributions compared to women concerning analyzed sexist attitudes. Eighty university students participated voluntarily and anonymously, completing three questionnaires on ambivalent sexism, neosexism, and the assessment of sexist behaviors by their instructors. Consistent with prior research, the results reveal higher levels of sexism among men in this context. Despite these differences, both men and women align in evaluating specific behaviors in teaching faculty, irrespective of their individual levels of sexism. Finally, the data presented support the variability hypothesis, indicating greater variability in sexist attitudes among men than women. These findings suggest that general attitudes assessed in most questionnaires might not be representative of the behaviors and attitudes that people display in real specific situations. This could change how future research and interventions approach these issues