Voices, Identities, and Nations in the Narratives of Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849)

This thesis argues that Edgeworth's novels are interventions in the debate of her contemporaries about the relationship between individuals and nations. The thesis situates her work in the context of the ideological transition in Europe from Enlightenment cosmopolitanism to Romantic nationalism, which rewrote that relationship. Edgeworth's texts interrogate how individuals should affiliate themselves with nations, often in terms of a particular patriotism which could legitimise individuals' national identities with cultural inclusiveness. The recent scholarship on Edgeworth has revolved around politicised readings that typically neglect stylistic issues. The thesis proposes that an application of narratology could rectify this imbalance in criticism of Edgeworth and similar problems in criticism of other Irish writings, women's writings, and the Romantic-period novels. The earlier chapters thereby shed new light on the complexity of Edgeworth's national identity, by employing Lanser's narratology. It is argued that Edgeworth's `authorial voice' and `personal voice', whether they are considered separately or together, demonstrate the predicament of her narrative authorisation as an Anglo-Irish writer and constitute her national identity as at once problematic and culturally flexible. The thematic formula of Edgeworth's ideal patriotism offers a solution to such a problem of her national identity, as the later chapters contend. The thesis demonstrates that this formula has ideological underpinnings in the discourse of both Enlightenment cosmopolitanism and Romantic nationalism. The formula, moreover, characterises ideal patriots as multilingual/multicultural in the sense that they can appreciate cultural differences without exclusive discrimination. Edgeworth's ideal patriots are thus modelled as overcoming the limitations of universalist Enlightenment cosmopolitanism and differential Romantic nationalism. The final chapter demonstrates that Edgeworth's novels may not necessarily authorise this formula coherently. It is, however, argued that in such instances, her `authorial voice' still verifies the viability of the formula, by legitimising her as an ideal patriot of the Irish, and the British nation with the multilingual/multicultural narrative voice crossing the borders between nations, social groups, and genders. The thesis concludes that Fdgeworth's novels reproduce a colonial context despite their attempt to resolve that thorny context

ジョセイ ノ エツキョウ ト ブンゲイ キョウワコク : ホウロウシャ ト パトロニッジ ニ オケル ナショナル アイデンティティ ノ コウチク ト コウキョウケン ノ カノウセイ

本稿は、ロマン派期女性作家が「公共圏」の一大形態である「文芸共和国」にどのような可能性を見出したのか、フランシス・バーニー『放浪者』（1814）とマライア・エッジワースの『パトロニッジ』（1814）の比較により検証する。ハーバーマスの「公共圏」のモデルは、ジェンダーを看過するとして、批判的な論考を招いてきた。しかし、1790 年代イングランドの公共圏の「理性的」言語は、時に「放浪する女」であったメアリ・ウルフストンクラフトらに、女性の役割を生殖に限定する「情動的な」ナショナリズム言説に対抗することを可能にした、と積極的に捉えたアンジェラ・キーンなどの批評家もいる。本論文は、キーンやハリエット・ゲストらの先行研究を発展させ、「曖昧な」ナショナル・アイデンティティに悩んだバーニーとエッジワースを対象として先行研究を補う。『放浪者』と『パトロニッジ』がどのようなパトリオットを理想として表象し、「公共圏」でいかに各著者のナショナル・アイデンティティを再構築しているか探求する

Absorption of Scintillation Light in a 100 ℓ\ell Liquid Xenonγ\gamma Ray Detector and Expected Detector Performance

An 800L liquid xenon scintillation $\gamma$ ray detector is being developed for the MEG experiment which will search for $\mu^+\to\mathrm{e}^+\gamma$ decay at the Paul Scherrer Institut. Absorption of scintillation light of xenon by impurities might possibly limit the performance of such a detector. We used a 100L prototype with an active volume of 372x372x496 mm$^3$ to study the scintillation light absorption. We have developed a method to evaluate the light absorption, separately from elastic scattering of light, by measuring cosmic rays and $\alpha$ sources. By using a suitable purification technique, an absorption length longer than 100 cm has been achieved. The effects of the light absorption on the energy resolution are estimated by Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures (eps). Submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

禁煙支援教育を受講した看護学生を対象とした支援方法の内容分析 －妊娠期および産褥期の女性に対する支援方法－

　周産期にある女性の禁煙支援は母児の健康管理のために重要である．本研究では，将来，医療職者となっていく看護学生に対して「女性の喫煙」と題した講義を行うことで，看護学生自らが考える禁煙支援について明らかにすることを目的とする．　研究方法は，専門学校の看護学生2年次生34名に対して1コマ90分の講義をおこなった．そののち，看護学生が自ら考える妊婦･褥婦に対する禁煙支援方法について自由記述質問用紙を用いて記述を求め，その結果について内容分析した．その結果，7の行動技法のカテゴリーに該当する記述が認められ，新たな１つのカテゴリーが抽出された．とりわけ，妊婦･褥婦に対して重要だとされている「社会的サポート」に該当する【周囲の人々を活用する支援】カテゴリーでは，82コードと最も多いコード数となった．「社会的サポート」の中でも，妊婦･褥婦だけを捉えるのではなく，彼女らを取り巻く周囲の人々を資源として活用する視点を有していた．一方で，妊婦･褥婦への禁煙支援指導として適切ではない記述もみられており，今後の教育方法において更なる工夫の必要性が示唆された

Prevalence and associated factors of chronic constipation among Japanese university students

BackgroundChronic constipation (CC) is one of the most frequently reported gastrointestinal disorders in the general population and a prominent problem among university students. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the associated factors of CC among Japanese university students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among university students at Hiroshima University, Japan. Students answered the web questionnaire when making a web reservation for the health checkup (April 1 to May 31, 2023). The web questionnaire consisted of four sections, including baseline characteristics, lifestyle factors, family history of CC, and three scales to assess depression and eating disorders: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)-26 and Bulimic Investigatory Test (BITE). CC was diagnosed using Rome IV criteria. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine CC-related factors.ResultsOut of 10,500 individuals who participated in the annual health checkup, 7,496 participants answered the web questionnaire, of whom 5,386 answered all the survey questions. The mean age of the students was 21.1 ± 4.1 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.17. The prevalence of CC was 13.7%. Factors significantly associated with CC in the multivariate model were first-degree family members with CC [Odd ratio (OR): 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31–3.31], severe depression according to BDI scale (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.96–3.43), female sex (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.69–2.36), and short sleep duration of 6 hours or less per day (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09–1.50). Lack of physical exercise tended to be associated with CC (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.00–1.40).ConclusionsCC is prevalent among Japanese university students. Significant risk factors for CC included the first-degree family history of CC, severe depression, female sex, and short sleep duration. Lack of physical exercise tended to be associated with CC. This may contribute to implementing suitable education health programs, health care professionals, and public health policies to identify individuals at risk for CC to prevent and treat CC effectively

Effects of behavioural activation on the neural circuit related to intrinsic motivation

[Background] Behavioural activation is an efficient treatment for depression and can improve intrinsic motivation. Previous studies have revealed that the frontostriatal circuit is involved in intrinsic motivation; however, there are no data on how behavioural activation affects the frontostriatal circuit. [Aims] We aimed to investigate behavioural activation-related changes in the frontostriatal circuit. [Method] Fifty-nine individuals with subthreshold depression were randomly assigned to either the intervention or non-intervention group. The intervention group received five weekly behavioural activation sessions. The participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning on two separate occasions while performing a stopwatch task based on intrinsic motivation. We investigated changes in neural activity and functional connectivity after behavioural activation. [Results] After behavioural activation, the intervention group had increased activation and connectivity in the frontostriatal region compared with the non-intervention group. The increased activation in the right middle frontal gyrus was correlated with an improvement of subjective sensitivity to environmental rewards. [Conclusions] Behavioural activation-related changes to the frontostriatal circuit advance our understanding of psychotherapy-induced improvements in the neural basis of intrinsic motivation. [Declaration of interest] None.This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS (grants 16H06395 and 16H06399), and grant 23118004 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. This work was partially supported by the programme for Brain Mapping by Integrated Neurotechnologies for Disease Studies (Brain/MINDS) by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED (grant 15dm0207012h0002) and Integrated Research on Depression, Dementia and Development Disorders by AMED (grant 16dm0107093h0001). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation or review of the manuscript or decision to submit the manuscript for publication

Voices, identities and nations in the narratives of Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849)

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Approaches to the source evaluation of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine particles

Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) have been recognized as novel hazardous pollutants; however, the dominant sources remain unclear. This study investigates the occurrences of ClPAHs in five stages of size-segregated particles collected from an urban site and evaluates the sources and factors affecting the concentrations using organic and inorganic source tracers. ClPAHs are the most frequently detected in the finest particle fraction (less than 1.1 µm; PM1.1), similar to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and levoglucosan (LEV). The concentrations of total ClPAHs in PM1.1 shows a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with those of total PAHs and specific hopanes but not to LEV and biogenic fatty acids; this suggests that ClPAHs dominantly originate from industrial activities and vehicular emissions. Heatmap analysis, including source tracers, is used to categorize the possible sources of ClPAHs into three types: ClPAH-specific sources, local industrial activities and vehicular emissions, and remote industrial activities. Furthermore, correlation network analysis is used to clarify the relationships between the pollutants

Study on Regenerated Junctional Epithelium, Connective Tissue and Newly Formed Cementum to the Periodontally Diseased Root Surfaces treated with Hydrochrolic Acid

本論文の要旨は,第36回日本歯周病学会春季総会(1993年5月20日)において発表した