Psychometric properties of instruments for measuring elder abuse and neglect in community and institutional settings:A systematic review

Abstract Background The psychometric properties of elder abuse measurement instruments have not been well‐studied. Poor psychometric properties of elder abuse measurement instruments may contribute to the inconsistency of elder abuse prevalence estimates and uncertainty about the magnitude of the problem at the national, regional, and global levels. Objectives The present review will utilise the COSMIN taxonomy on the quality of outcome measures to identify and review the instruments used in measuring elder abuse, assess the instrument's measurement properties, and identify the definitions of elder abuse and abuse subtypes measured by the instrument. Search Methods Searches will be conducted in the following online databases: Ageline, ASSIA, CINAHL, CNKI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, LILACS, Proquest Dissertation & Theses Global, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Sociological Abstract and WHO Index Medicus. Relevant studies will also be identified by searching the grey literature from several resources such as OpenAIRE, BASE, OISter and Age Concern NZPotential studies by searching the references of related reviews. We will contact experts who have conducted similar work or are currently conducting ongoing studies. Enquiries will also be sent to the relevant authors if any important data is missing, incomplete or unclear. Selection Criteria All quantitative, qualitative (that address face and content validity), and mixed‐method empirical studies published in peer‐reviewed journals or the grey literature will be included in this review. Studies will be included if they are primary studies that (1) evaluate one or more psychometric properties; (2) contain information on instrument development, or (3) perform content validity of the instruments designed to measure elder abuse in the community or institutional settings. Studies should describe at least one of the psychometric properties, such as reliability, validity and responsiveness. Study participants represent the population of interest, including males and females aged 60 or older in community or institutional settings (i.e., nursing homes, long‐term care facilities, assisted living, residential care institutions, and residential facilities). Data Collection and Analysis Screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts of the selected studies will be evaluated based on the preset inclusion criteria by two reviewers. Two reviewers will be assessing the quality appraisal of each study using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist and the overall quality of evidence of each psychometric property of the instrument against the updated criteria of good measurement properties. Any dispute between the two reviewers will be resolved through discussions or consensus with a third reviewer. The overall quality of the measurement instrument will be graded using a modified GRADE approach. Data extraction will be performed using the data extraction forms adapted from the COSMIN Guideline for Systematic Reviews of Outcome Measurement Instruments. The information includes the characteristic of included instruments (name, adaptation, language used, translation and country of origin), characteristics of the tested population, psychometric properties listed in the COSMIN criteria, including details on the instrument development, content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, cross‐cultural validity/measurement invariance, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, hypotheses testing for construct validity, responsiveness and interoperability. We will perform a meta‐analysis to pool psychometric properties parameters (where possible) or summarise qualitatively

Health-related quality of life among hepatitis c patients in Pahang State, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among hepatitis C patients is crucial in assisting health care providers to understand the complex psychosocial impact of disease on patients, thus facilitating a more patient-centred care. There is still scarcity of data on this matter, not adequately explored and nor has it been empirically studied in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to measure the HRQOL among hepatitis C patients attending a tertiary hospital in Pahang, Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 195 hepatitis C patients attending Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), the main public tertiary hospital in Pahang. HRQOL was assessed using the 36-item short-form survey (SF-36v2). Respondents had lower scores in physical (mean score = 48.88 ± 8.9) and mental (mean score = 47.70 ± 9.1) health components of HRQOL than normal population (mean score > 50). Those who completed treatment had higher scores in both physical and mental health component, compared to those who was not treated or on treatment. There was no significant association between HRQOL and gender, age, marital status, employment status and education level. Our findings showed that patients with hepatitis C, in general, have poor HRQOL in both physical and mental health components. Thus, this study highlights a pressing need for holistic disease management by taking into account patients’ quality of life as part of the inter-disciplinary approach

PROTOCOL: In‐person interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness: An evidence and gap map

Abstract This is the protocol for an evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: This EGM aims to map available evidence on the effects of in‐person interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness across all age groups in all settings

In‐person interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness: An evidence and gap map

BackgroundSocial isolation and loneliness can occur in all age groups, and they are linked to increased mortality and poorer health outcomes. There is a growing body of research indicating inconsistent findings on the effectiveness of interventions aiming to alleviate social isolation and loneliness. Hence the need to facilitate the discoverability of research on these interventions.ObjectivesTo map available evidence on the effects of in-person interventions aimed at mitigating social isolation and/or loneliness across all age groups and settings.Search MethodsThe following databases were searched from inception up to 17 February 2022 with no language restrictions: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, EBM Reviews—Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, APA PsycInfo via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, EBSCO (all databases except CINAHL), Global Index Medicus, ProQuest (all databases), ProQuest ERIC, Web of Science, Korean Citation Index, Russian Science Citation Index, and SciELO Citation Index via Clarivate, and Elsevier Scopus.Selection CriteriaTitles, abstracts, and full texts of potentially eligible articles identified were screened independently by two reviewers for inclusion following the outlined eligibility criteria.Data Collection and AnalysisWe developed and pilot tested a data extraction code set in Eppi-Reviewer. Data was individually extracted and coded. We used the AMSTAR2 tool to assess the quality of reviews. However, the quality of the primary studies was not assessed.Main ResultsA total of 513 articles (421 primary studies and 92 systematic reviews) were included in this evidence and gap map which assessed the effectiveness of in-person interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness. Most (68%) of the reviews were classified as critically low quality, while less than 5% were classified as high or moderate quality. Most reviews looked at interpersonal delivery and community-based delivery interventions, especially interventions for changing cognition led by a health professional and group activities, respectively. Loneliness, wellbeing, and depression/anxiety were the most assessed outcomes. Most research was conducted in high-income countries, concentrated in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, with none from low-income countries. Major gaps were identified in societal level and community-based delivery interventions that address policies and community structures, respectively. Less than 5% of included reviews assessed process indicators or implementation outcomes. Similar patterns of evidence and gaps were found in primary studies. All age groups were represented but more reviews and primary studies focused on older adults (≥60 years, 63%) compared to young people (≤24 years, 34%). Two thirds described how at-risk populations were identified and even fewer assessed differences in effect across equity factors for populations experiencing inequities

Consequences of elder abuse and neglect among older adults in rural Malaysia / Raudah Mohd Yunus

Elder Abuse and Neglect (EAN) is a growing public health concern. With the rapid increase of older population worldwide and especially in developing countries, EAN is likely to escalate. Abuse in late life has been shown to cause various adverse health impacts. However, compared to the other two domains of family violence – child abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV) – research findings pertaining to EAN health consequences are relatively scarce. This study is divided into two phases. Phase I is a systematic review that seeks to gather and critically appraise all the existing evidence on the health consequences of EAN. Phase II is a two-year prospective cohort study that aims at investigating the longitudinal relationships between EAN and three outcomes: mortality, sleep quality and chronic pain. A total of 1927 older adults in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan were recruited through a multi-stage cluster sampling strategy and interviewed face-to-face at baseline. One thousand one hundred and eighty nine (1189) were followed-up two years later through phone calls. Mortality was tracked using data from the National Registration Department. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and chronic pain was ascertained by self-reports consisting of two validated questions. Findings from Phase I ranked premature mortality, depression and anxiety as the most credible health outcomes of EAN. In Phase II, survival analysis and Cox regression showed no statistically significant difference of mortality risks between EAN victims and those not abused (β: 0.26, p=0.25), but patterns of hazard and survival plots suggested greater hazard and lower survival for EAN victims. A short follow-up period was a possible reason for statistical non-significance. With regards to sleep quality, abuse victims had significant worsening iv of sleep over the period of two years compared to their non-abused counterparts (β: 0.49, p=<0.01). Among the EAN subtypes, neglect and psychological abuse were identified as stronger contributors to poor sleep: neglect (β: 1.13, p=0.03), psychological abuse (β: 0.64, p=<0.01). On the other hand, EAN did not contribute to higher risks of developing chronic pain (β: 1.14, p=0.45). In conclusion, abuse in late life adversely affects health. Preventive and intervention measures to address this problem need to be carried out at multiple levels: individual, community, healthcare, larger environment and system. Scientific evidence related to other health impacts of EAN is still scarce, thus highlighting the need for more research

Muslim women and knowledge: Are we ready to face the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’?

The journey and achievements of the classic Islamic civilization as documented in history therefore had nothing to do with the rejection of religion or the complex battle between religion and rationality as experienced by the west. Conversely, its very basis of knowledge system was supported by the teachings of its holy book, and was derived from a call to respect the ‘law of nature’

Rethinking public health pedagogy in muslim countries postcolonially

This article discusses the history of modern education in developing countries and attempts to look at Public Health (PH) education and curriculum from a Muslim and postcolonial perspective. It argues that, since modern PH pedagogical practices in Muslim countries are derived almost entirely from the western educational model and paradigm, they need reconstruction mainly for compatibility and relevance checks. The reconstruction of PH that this paper proposes aims at complementing and enriching the existing syllabi and involves three stages: fundamental, intermediate and advanced. In the first stage, students are equipped with a strong foundation of western and Islamic philosophies; the second one involves the incorporation of Islamic principles into the existing PH curriculum; while the third entails a critical analysis and deconstruction of some PH concepts and approaches in order to nurture students’ creativity in solving complex, emerging problems in the light of Islamic teachings as well as the need of Muslim sociocultural settings