Kadar Unsur Timbal pada Tanaman Kangkung di Tiga Pasar Tradisional Kecamatan Cilandak, Jakarta Selatan

Water spinach (Ipomoea sp.) is a plant that is commonly consumed by the public. Shifting cultivation, distribution and sales that are not protected make vegetables easily contaminated by pollutants in the environment, one of the lead element. This study was conducted to determine the element content of Pb in water spinach sold in three traditional markets Cilandak subdistrict, South Jakarta. This study was conducted from February-March 2014 by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer instrument (AAS) method flame. Analysis of the data using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95 %. If there are any differences, then followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI) test to determine the maximal consumption of watercress with a particular assay with an approximate weight of 60 kg. Based on this research, the element content of lead in water spinach in three traditional markets District of Cilandak ranged from 1.22 to 22.06 mg/kg. No significant effect on the three traditional markets District of Cilandak location. Organ roots have high levels of lead element compared to levels in the leaves and stems. The entire test sample had levels of lead element above SNI 7387:2009 maximum threshold of 0.5 mg/kg so They are not safe for consumption. Average maximum weight of kale on the three traditional markets in Sub Cilandak that may be consumed per week in the organs of leaves and stems ranged from 0.1492 to 0.6032 kg

Akumulasi Logam Timbal (Pb) Pada Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Mikoriza

 AbstrakPencemaran tanah oleh logam timbal (Pb) merupakan salah satu bentuk pencemaran yang sangat berbahaya bagi mahluk hidup. Salah satu tanaman bioakumulator penyerap logam berat di lingkungan adalah tanaman bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi pupuk mikoriza terhadap akumulasi Pb pada akar, batang, dan daun serta pertumbuhan tanaman bayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan dosis pupuk mikoriza, yaitu 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, dan 15 g per polybag. Jumlah Pb yang diaplikasikan ke media tanam adalah 5 ppm per polybag. Akumulasi Pb tertinggi terdapat pada tanaman bayam dengan perlakuan 5 g pupuk mikoriza. Rata-rata akumulasi Pb di akar, batang, dan daun pada perlakuan ini berturut-turut adalah 103,57 ppm; 36,67 ppm; dan 8,60 ppm. Pertumbuhan tanaman bayam pada perlakuan 5 g pupuk mikoriza lebih baik dari perlakuan lainnya, yaitu memiliki rata-rata tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun tertinggi pada minggu ke-4 (9,7–12,5 cm dan 6,9–8,6 helai). Aplikasi pupuk mikoriza dapat meningkatkan akumulasi Pb pada akar, batang, dan daun serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman bayam pada dosis 5 g per polybag.AbstractSoil pollution by lead (Pb) is a form of pollution that is very dangerous for living creatures. One of the bioaccumulator plants that absorb heavy metals in the environment is spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of mycorrhizal fertilizer application on Pb accumulation in roots, stems and leaves as well as spinach plant growth. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment doses of mycorrhizal fertilizer, namely 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g per polybag. The amount of Pb applied to the planting media is 5 ppm per polybag. The highest Pb accumulation was found in spinach plants treated with 5 g of mycorrhizal fertilizer. The average accumulation of Pb in roots, stems and leaves in this treatment was 103.57 ppm; 36.67 ppm; and 8.60 ppm. The growth of spinach plants in the 5 g mycorrhizal fertilizer treatment was better than the other treatments, namely having the highest average plant height and number of leaves in the 4th week (9.7-12.5 cm and 6.9-8.6 pieces). Application of mycorrhizal fertilizer can increase Pb accumulation in roots, stems and leaves and increase the growth of spinach plants at a dose of 5 g per polybag.

KARAKTERISTIK FISIK PAKAN IKAN APUNG NON-EKSTRUSI YANG DIBUAT MELALUI FERMENTASI Rhizopus oryzae

Physical Characteristics of Non-Extruded Floating Fish Feed Produced through Rhizopus oryzae Fermentation ABSTRACTTo reduce the feed production cost of floating fish feed, an innovative method which is cheaper, easier, and simpler compared to the use of extruder machine is needed to provide buoyancy to fish feed. This research was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of floating fish feed prepared through fermention using Rhizopus oryzae on the mixed substrate consisting of commercial sinking fish feed, cassava bagasse, and Lemna minor. The resulting fermented feed was subsequently compared with commercial sinking fish feed in terms of its water stability, absorption, and floatability. The water stability curves of both feed types showed a similar pattern for 20 hours. Both decreased dramatically in the first 0.5 hours, from 100% to 81% for the fermented feed, and to 83% for the commercial feed. The shape of a 40-minute water absorption curve for both feed types was very similar. The fermented feed absorbed water nearly 4 times its initial dry weight, while commercial feed up to about twice as much as its initial dry weight. For three hours, both fermented and commercial floating pellets stayed afloat 100% without sinking. Thus, fermentation using R. oryzae deserves further development as an alternative way to provide buoyancy to fish feed.Keywords: floatability, floating feed, sinking feed, water absorption, water stability ABSTRAKUntuk menekan biaya produksi pakan ikan apung, diperlukan inovasi pengapungan pakan ikan yang lebih murah, mudah, dan sederhana dibandingkan dengan penggunaan mesin ekstruder. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik pakan apung hasil fermentasi menggunakan kapang Rhizopus oryzae pada substrat campuran pakan tenggelam komersial, onggok, dan Lemna minor. Pakan fermentasi ini lalu dibandingkan dengan pakan apung komersial dalam hal stabilitas dalam air, absorbsi air, dan daya apung. Stabilitas dalam air kedua jenis pakan memiliki pola yang mirip selama 20 jam. Stabilitas keduanya menurun drastis pada 0,5 jam pertama, dari 100% ke 81% untuk pakan apung fermentasi, dan ke 83% untuk pakan apung komersial. Bentuk kurva absorpsi air selama 40 menit untuk kedua jenis pakan sangatlah mirip. Pakan apung fermentasi menyerap air hampir 4 kali bobot kering awalnya, sedangkan pakan apung komersial hingga sekitar 2 kali bobot kering awalnya. Selama tiga jam, baik pakan apung fermentasi maupun komersial mengapung 100% tanpa tenggelam. Jadi, fermentasi menggunakan R. oryzae layak dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai cara pengapungan alternatif pakan ikan.Kata Kunci: daya apung, daya serap air, stabilitas dalam air, pakan apung, pakan tenggela

FERMENTATION OF KEPOK BANANA PEEL-CORN HOMINY MIXED SUBSTRATE FOR DIETARY INCLUSION IN BROILER RATION

To reduce broiler production cost, a study was carried out on utilisation of alternative, less costly feed components, namely kepok banana peel and corn hominy which were mixed and fermented using the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. The fermented substrate was added into commercial feed in order to determine its influence on the poultry’s production performance. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: one using 100% pure commercial feed, and the other three commercial feed mixed with the fermented feed component at the levels of 5%, 10% and 15%. All treatments were repeated four times during 25 days growth period. The results showed that supplementation of the fermented ingredient in the broiler ration at the levels of 5%, 10%, or 15% had no significant effect (P>0,05) on the feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and the final body weight of the animals. Although mixing the fermented feed ingredient up to 15% in the commercial feed promoted the growth of the broilers, the results were not yet comparable to pure commercial feed.Keywords: Corn hominy, broiler, fermentation, kepok banana peel, Rhizopus oryzae AbstrakUntuk mengurangi biaya produksi ayam pedaging, dilakukan pengkajian penggunaan bahan penyusun pakan alternatif yang lebih murah, yaitu kulit pisang kepok dan ampok jagung yang dicampur dan difermentasi menggunakan jamur Rhizopus oryzae. Hasil fermentasi tersebut lalu ditambahkan pada pakan komersial ayam pedaging dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap penampilan produksi ayam pedaging. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu satu perlakuan 100% pakan komersial murni, dan tiga perlakuan pakan komersial yang dicampur bahan pakan hasil fermentasi tersebut dengan kadar 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Seluruh perlakukan diulang empat kali selama 25 hari masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bahan pakan terfermentasi ke dalam ransum ayam pedaging pada kadar 5%, 10%, atau 15% tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, nilai koversi pakan, dan bobot badan akhir hewan. Meskipun penambahan bahan pakan fermentasi tersebut hingga 15% dalam pakan komersial mendukung pertumbuhan ayam pedaging, namun capaian pertumbuhannya belumlah sebaik pakan komersial.Kata kunci: Ampok jagung, ayam pedaging, fermentasi, kulit pisang kepok, Rhizopus oryza

Karakteristik Abon Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

 AbstrakIkan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) memiliki potensi dijadikan bahan pangan alternatif karena ketersediaannya melimpah di Indonesia. Daging ikan sapu-sapu dapat dijadikan abon yang harus sesuai dengan SNI. Pengolahan abon menggunakan minyak menyebabkan abon mudah mengalami kerusakan sehingga diperlukan metode untuk memperpanjang masa simpan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik abon ikan sapu-sapu hasil radiasi gamma berdasarkan analisis proksimat, jumlah mikroba, kapang, dan organoleptik melalui uji hedonik. Daging ikan sapu-sapu diolah menjadi abon lalu diiradiasi dosis 0, 5, 10, dan 15 kGy kemudian disimpan selama 30 hari pada suhu ruang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi sinar gamma mampu memperpanjang masa simpan abon ikan sapu-sapu selama 30 hari. Nilai gizi protein, lemak, dan jumlah mikroba abon ikan sapu-sapu yang diiradiasi sinar gamma memenuhi syarat ketetapan abon ikan sesuai dengan SNI 01–3707 tahun 1995, kecuali untuk nilai kadar air dan kadar abu abon. Iradiasi sinar gamma mampu menekan pertumbuhan mikroba dengan dosis terbaik 15 kGy. Dosis 15 kGy merupakan dosis yang paling diterima pada parameter rasa diuji organoleptik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan abon ikan sapu-sapu dengan syarat mutu abon ikan berdasarkan SNI, menentukan dosis iradiasi dalam pengawetan abon ikan sapu-sapu dan mengetahui minat konsumen terhadap abon ikan sapu-sapu.AbstractArmored catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) has potential to be used as alternative foodstuffs because its abundant in Indonesia. Armored catfish meat can be processed into shredded in accordance with provisions SNI value so it can be consumed. Shredded cooked processed used oil that will causes stale easily, there must be a method that can extend the shelf life of shredded. The purpose of this research was to determine the characteristics of shredded fish from gamma radiation based on proximate analysis, the number of microbes, molds, and organoleptics through hedonic tests. Armored catfish meat is processed into shredded and irradiated in doses 0, 5, 10, and 15 kGy and then stored for 30 days. The parameters measured were water content, ash content, protein, fat, microbial count, mold and organoleptic test. The results showed that gamma ray irradiation was able to extend the shelf life of the shredded fish for 30 days. The nutritional value of protein, fat and the number of microbial armored catfish shredded irradiated by gamma rays meet the requirements of the nutritional of shredded fish in accordance with SNI 01–3707 of 1995, except for ash content and water content. Gamma ray irradiation can reduce microbial growth with the best dose 15 kGy. Dose 15 kGy was a significant dose of the taste parameters in the organoleptic test. This research was conducted to determine the feasibility of shredded fish with SNI requirements, to determine the dose of irradiation in preserving shredded fish and to determine consumer interest in shredded fish

Kandungan Pb Pada Daun Angsana (Pterocarpus Indicus) Dan Rumput Gajah Mini (Axonopus.Sp)Di Jalan Protokol Kota Tangerang

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui akumulasi Pb pada daun Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) dan rumput Gajah Mini (Axonopus.Sp) yang terletak dibeberapa jalan protokol Kota Tangerang. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Sembilan lokasi utama Kota Tangerang dan satu di lokasi permukiman. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Maret dan April 2009. Sampel dianalisa menggunakan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (SSA) melalui metode destruksi basah. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana (2.04 – 7.30 μg/g pada bulan Maret 2009 ; 1.12 – 7.61 μg/g pada bulan April 2009) dan rumput Gajah Mini (2.12 – 12.38 μg/g pada bulan Maret 2009 ; 5.89 – 10.32 μg/g pada bulan April 2009). Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pterocarpus indicus dan Axonopus.Sp mampu mengakumulasi Pb pada kisaran 1.12-12.38 μg/g. Kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana dan rumput Gajah Mini hasil penelitian tidak mencapai 1000 ppm (μg/g). Hal ini berarti kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana dan rumput Gajah Mini di Kota Tangerang belum melampaui ambang batas toksisitasnya terhadap tanaman

GROWTH OF CARP (Cyprinus carpio L.) FED WITH RICE BRAN-COCONUT BAGASSE MIXED SUBSTRATE FERMENTED USING Rhizopus oryzae

Dedak padi dan ampas kelapa dicampur dengan perbandingan tertentu dan kemudian difermentasi menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae untuk pakan ikan. Uji pemberian pakan lalu dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 5 perlakuan: satu perlakuan pakan tanpa fermentasi (pakan komersial 100%), dan empat perlakuan pakan fermentasi substrat campuran bekatul dan ampas kelapa dengan empat perbandingan yang berbeda, yakni 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, dan 0%:100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan komersial 100% (protein sejati 15,25% dan serat kasar 6,27%) memperlihatkan hasil terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan ikan mas dengan pertambahan bobot badan 2,56 g dan rasio konversi pakan 1,95. Sementara itu pemberian pakan fermentasi (protein sejati berkisar 4,89-9,97% dan serat kasar 22,87-25,70%) hanya menghasilkan pertambahan bobot badan ikan pada kisaran 0,47-0,64 g dengan rasio konversi pakan 2,50-2,64. Dengan demikian pakan fermentasi tersebut mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ikan mas meskipun masih kurang optimal dibandingkan dengan pakan komersial.Kata Kunci: Rhizopus oryzae, Cyprinus carpio, rice bran, coconut bagasse, fermentation  ABSTRACTRice bran and coconut bagasse were mixed and then fermented using Rhizopus oryzae for preparing aquafeed. Subsequent feeding test was carried out to determine the effect on the growth of carps (Cyprinus carpio L). Five feeding treatments were employed, one unfermented feed (commercial feed 100%), and the other four feeds produced by fermentation using substrate mixture of rice bran and coconut pulp in four different ratios, namely 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, and 0%:100%. The results showed that feeding 100% commercial feed (true protein 15.25% and crude fibre 6.27%) showed the best results on the fish growth with body weight gain of 2.56 g and feed conversion ratio of 1.95. Meanwhile, feeding fermented feeds (true protein 4.89-9.97% and crude fiber 22.87-25.70%) only resulted in body weight gain in the range of 0.47 to 0.64 g with feed conversion ratio of 2.50 to 2.64. Thus, the fermented feeds promoted growth in tested carps albeit less optimally than commercial feed.Keywords: Rhizopus oryzae, Cyprinus carpio, dedak, ampas kelapa, fermentas

GROWTH OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochormis niloticus) FRY FED WITH COCONUT TESTA-CASSAVA BAGASSE MIXED SUBSTRATE FERMENTED USING Rhizopus oryzae

Utilization of agroindustrial byproduct as cheap raw materials for aquafeed was hampered by its poor nutritional value as well as high antinutrition content which could be overcome through fermentation. Coconut testa (CT) and cassava bagasse (CB) were mixed, and fermented using Rhizopus oryzae for preparing aquafeed. Subsequent feeding test was carried out on tilapias (Oreochormis niloticus L.) using 5 feeding treatments: one unfermented feed (commercial feed 100%), and the other four feeds produced by fermentation using substrate mixture of CT and CB in 4 different ratios, namely 100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50%, and 25%:75%. Feeding 100% commercial feed (true protein 22.64% and crude fibre 14.67%) showed the best results on the fish growth with body weight gain of 3.96 g and feed conversion ratio of 8.63. Meanwhile, feeding fermented feeds (true protein 7.96-20.27% and crude fiber 14.14-18.47%) resulted in body weight gain in the range of 2.22 to 2.75 g with feed conversion ratio of 10.89 to 13.62. Thus, the fermented feeds promoted growth in tested tilapias albeit less optimally than commercial feed did.Keywords: Rhizopus oryzae, Oreochromis niloticus, coconut testa, cassava bagasse, fermentation ABSTRAKPenggunaan hasil samping agroindustri sebagai bahan pakan murah ikan terkendala rendahnya nutrisi dan tingginya antinutrisi yang dapat diatasi melalui fermentasi. Dalam penelitian ini, kulit daging buah kelapa (KK) dan onggok singkong (OS) dicampur dengan perbandingan tertentu, lalu difermentasi menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae untuk pakan ikan. Uji pemberian pakan dilakukan terhadap ikan nila (Oreochormis niloticus L.) dengan 5 perlakuan: satu perlakuan pakan tanpa fermentasi (pakan komersial 100%), dan empat perlakuan pakan fermentasi substrat campuran KK dan OS dengan 4 perbandingan yang berbeda, yakni 100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50%, dan 25%:75%. Pemberian pakan komersial 100% (protein sejati 22,64% dan serat kasar 14,67%) memperlihatkan hasil terbaik pada pertumbuhan ikan nila dengan pertambahan bobot badan 3,96 g dan rasio konversi pakan 8,63. Sebaliknya, pemberian pakan fermentasi (protein sejati berkisar 7,96-20,27% dan serat kasar 14,14-18,47%) menghasilkan pertambahan bobot badan ikan pada kisaran 2,22-2,75 g dengan rasio konversi pakan 10,89-13,62. Dengan demikian pakan fermentasi tersebut mendorong pertumbuhan ikan nila namun kurang optimal dibandingkan pakan komersial.Kata Kunci: Rhizopus oryzae, Oreochromis niloticus, kulit daging buah kelapa, onggok, fermentas

Fitoplankton sebagai Bioindikator Saprobitas Perairan di Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang

Industry, homes activites, and aquaculture around situ or lake could contaminate and affect the water quality. This study aimed to determine the diversity of phytoplankton and water pollution level in Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang based on saprobite index. The research was conducted on December 2014 until March 2015 at Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang. Observations were made based on 4 points sampling with three repetitions for one day that could represented existing condition. Sampling sites in this study were at inlet flow, middle, outlet, and alleged utilized areas such as floating fish net. The result showed  26 species of phytoplankton from four classes, namely 9 species of Cyanophyceae, 4 species of Bacillariophyceae, 11 species of Chlorophyceae, and 2 species of Euglenophyceae with moderate diversity index (H' = 1.77─2.05). Monoraphidium sp. was a species dominated in Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang which was found 215 individuals. So it can be said as saprobite bioindicator. Saprobite index in Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang showed moderate to severe contaminated with α-mesosaprobic (0.14)