Migration risk management as a factor of national security

The article theoretically substantiates the methodological approaches and tools of comprehensive statistical analysis of labor migration, based on the principles of systematic research from the standpoint of integrity and integration of processes. This, in turn, allowed to identify the main elements and features that characterize labor migration, as the object of statistical research, as well as to carry out an objective analysis of the condition and development of this phenomenon at both national and regional levels. The role of statistical analysis of labor migration in the management system based on the analysis of the experience of developed countries was also determined. A conceptual approach in the field of state regulation of labor migration was proposed, which is based on the application of a systematic approach and compliance with its basic principles. The place of statistical assessment and monitoring of labor migration was established as one of the main tools for regulating the number of labor migrants from the standpoint of systematics. The results of the assessment of the procedures for acquiring citizenship and issuing permits for foreigners in Ukraine have been analyzed. Moreover, practical recommendations were provided based on a statistical analysis of the procedure for acquiring citizenship and issuing permits to foreigners in accordance with the principles of human rights and non-discrimination. Peculiarities of legal regulation regarding the migration processes in Ukraine were studied. The identified shortcomings and “gaps” in the legal field of Ukraine allow to form practical recommendations on the legal regulation of migration processes in accordance with the basic principles of European integration

Дискримінація в спорті як грубе порушення прав людини в Україні

The urgency of the problem described in the article is the existence of an ineffective observance mechanism of athletes' and fans' rights in connection with the manifestations of discrimination in sports. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to find ways to improve Ukrainian legislation in terms of protection of human rights from any manifestations of discrimination. To achieve this goal, the system-structural method and the formal-legal method, the method of analysis, the formal-logical method were used. The Ukrainian legislation in the researched field is analyzed. The experience of other countries in combating discrimination in sports has been studied. It is proposed to create an institute of sports ombudsman in Ukraine and stressed the need not to improve the criminal legislation in terms of clarifying the provisions of Article 161 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The expediency of establishing administrative liability for non-compliance with anti-discrimination legislation, amending the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, which, in turn, will facilitate more prompt prosecution for human rights violations in sports. The practical value of the obtained results is that it can be taken as a basis for finding a mechanism to improve the fight against discrimination in sports.Актуальність описаної в статті проблеми зумовлена існуванням неефективного механізму дотримання прав спортсменів і вболівальників у зв’язку з проявами дискримінації в спорті. Тому мета статті полягає у пошуку напрямків удосконалення українського законодавства у частині захисту прав людини від будь-яких проявів дискримінації. Для досягнення поставленої мети було використано системно-структурний метод і формально-юридичний метод, метод аналізу, формально-логічний метод. У статті розглянуто правові основи порушення прав людини у зв’язку з дискримінацією у спорті. Проаналізовано українське законодавство у досліджуваній сфері. Досліджено досвід інших країн щодо протидії та боротьби з дискримінацією у спорті. Запропоновано створити інститут спортивного омбудсмена в Україні та наголошено не необхідності удосконалення кримінального законодавства у частині уточнення диспозиції статті 161 Кримінального кодексу України. Вказано на доцільність встановлення адміністративної відповідальності за недодержання антидискримінаційного законодавства, внісши відповідні зміни до Кодексу України про адміністративні правопорушення, що, своєю чергою, сприятиме більш оперативному притягненню до відповідальності за порушення прав людини у сфері спорту. Практична цінність отриманих результатів полягає в тому, що останні можуть бути взяті за основу при пошуку механізму удосконалення протидії та боротьби з дискримінацією у сфері спорту

Migration risk management as a factor of national security

Migration risk management as a factor of national security / Oleg Reznik, Oleksandr Muzychuk, Oleksandr Yunin, Svetlana Kaliuzhna, Oleksandr Dubenko // Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues. – 2020. – № 9 (4). – Р. 1469-1480. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2020.9.4(29)У статті теоретично обґрунтовано методологічні підходи та інструменти комплексного статистичного аналізу трудової міграції, що ґрунтуються на принципах системного дослідження з позицій цілісності та інтеграції процесів. Це, у свою чергу, дозволило виявити основні елементи та ознаки, що характеризують трудову міграцію, як об'єкт статистичного дослідження, а також провести об'єктивний аналіз стану та розвитку цього явища як на національному, так і на регіональному рівні.The article theoretically substantiates the methodological approaches and tools of comprehensive statistical analysis of labor migration, based on the principles of systematic research from the standpoint of integrity and integration of processes. This, in turn, allowed to identify the main elements and features that characterize labor migration, as the object of statistical research, as well as to carry out an objective analysis of the condition and development of this phenomenon at both national and regional levels.В статье теоретически обоснованы методологические подходы и инструменты комплексного статистического анализа трудовой миграции, основанные на принципах системного исследования с позиций целостности и интеграции процессов. Это, в свою очередь, позволило выявить основные элементы и признаки, характеризующие трудовую миграцию, как объект статистического исследования, а также провести объективный анализ состояния и развития этого явления как на национальном, так и на региональном уровне

Investigation of the microstructure of the fine-grained YPO4_4:Gd ceramics with xenotime structure after Xe irradiation

The paper reports on the preparation of xenotime-structured ceramics by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. Phosphates Y$_{0.95}$Gd$_{0.05}$PO$_4$ (YPO$_4$:Gd) were obtained by the sol-gel method. The synthesized nanopowders are collected in large agglomerates 10-50 mkm in size. Ceramics has a fine-grained microstructure and a high relative density (98.67%). The total time of the SPS process was approximately 18 min. High-density sintered ceramics YPO$_4$:Gd with a xenotime structure were irradiated with Xe$^{+26}$ ions (E = 167 MeV) to fluences of $1\times10^{12}$-$3\times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$. Complete amorphization at maximum fluence was not achieved. As the fluence increases, an insignificant increase in the depth of the amorphous layer is observed. According to the results of grazing incidence XRD (GIXRD), with an increase in fluence from $1\times10^{12}$-$3\times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, an increase in the volume fraction of the amorphous structure from 20 to 70% is observed. The intensity of XRD peak 200 YPO$_4$:Gd after recovery annealing (700$^\circ$C, 18 h) reached a value of ~80% of the initial intensity I0.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

(Na, Zr) and (Ca, Zr) Phosphate-molybdates and phosphate-tungstates: I–synthesis, sintering and characterization

This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic Functional Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Application.Submicron-grade powders of Na1-xZr2(PO4)3-x(XO4)x compounds (hereafter referred to as NZP) and Ca1-xZr2(PO4)3-x(XO4)x compounds (hereafter, CZP), X = Mo, W (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were obtained by sol-gel synthesis. The compounds obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and electron microscopy. An increase in the W or Mo contents was shown to result in an increase in the unit cell volume of the NZP and CZP crystal lattices and in a decrease in the coherent scattering region sizes. Thermal expansion behavior at high temperatures of synthesized NZP and CZP compounds has been investigated. The dependencies of the parameters a and c on the heating temperature, as well as the temperature dependence of the crystal lattice unit cell volume V in the range from the room temperature up to 800 °C, were obtained. The dependencies of the average thermal expansion coefficient (αav) and of the volume coefficient (β) on the W and Mo contents in the compositions of NZP and CZP compounds were studied. Ceramics Na1-xZr2(PO4)3-x(XO4)x with relatively high density (more than 97.5%) were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The increase in the W or Mo contents in the ceramics leads to an increase in the relative density of NZP and to a decrease of the optimum sintering temperature. The mean grain size in the NZP ceramics decreases with increasing W or Mo contents. The study of strength characteristics has revealed that the hardness of the NZP ceramics is greater than 5 GPa, and that the minimum fracture toughness factor was 1 MPa·m1/2.This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 21-13-00308). The TEM study of the powders was carried out on the equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Materials Science and Metallurgy” (National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow, Russia) with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 075-15-2021-696). The XRD investigations of the specimens were carried out in the Laboratory of Diagnostics of Radiation Defects in Solid State Nanostructures at the Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS (IPM RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 0030-2021-0030).Peer reviewe

Administrative and Legal Status of District Administrative Courts in the Administrative Justice System

The article is devoted to the study of features and structural elements of the administrative and legal status of district administrative courts in the administrative justice system in Ukraine. The historical aspects of creating a system of courts authorized to implement administrative proceedings, in particular, to establish district administrative courts, are highlighted, and the relevant legal framework is identified as a legal basis for the formation of modern administrative justice. The content of the provisions of the current legislation of administrative proceedings, which enshrine the basic principles of the legal status of district administrative courts as part of the modern system of specialized administrative courts in Ukraine, is clarified. As a result of the analysis of the provisions of the current Ukrainian legislation on administrative proceedings, the categories of administrative cases have been determined, the consideration of which by the legislator is attributed to the exclusive competence of district administrative courts. It is proposed to define the administrative and legal status of the district administrative court as a complex legal and theoretical construction, which is represented by a set of elements, including tasks and principles of activity; the place of the district administrative court in the system of administrative courts; quantitative composition of judges; legal bases of activity; competence to consider administrative cases; types of court decisions made by the district administrative court. Perspective directions of increase of efficiency of administration of justice by specialized administrative courts in the context of reforming of the administrative justice system are established

(Na, Zr) and (Ca, Zr) Phosphate-Molybdates and Phosphate-Tungstates: I–Synthesis, Sintering and Characterization

Submicron-grade powders of Na1-xZr2(PO4)3-x(XO4)x compounds (hereafter referred to as NZP) and Ca1-xZr2(PO4)3-x(XO4)x compounds (hereafter, CZP), X = Mo, W (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were obtained by sol-gel synthesis. The compounds obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and electron microscopy. An increase in the W or Mo contents was shown to result in an increase in the unit cell volume of the NZP and CZP crystal lattices and in a decrease in the coherent scattering region sizes. Thermal expansion behavior at high temperatures of synthesized NZP and CZP compounds has been investigated. The dependencies of the parameters a and c on the heating temperature, as well as the temperature dependence of the crystal lattice unit cell volume V in the range from the room temperature up to 800 °C, were obtained. The dependencies of the average thermal expansion coefficient (αav) and of the volume coefficient (β) on the W and Mo contents in the compositions of NZP and CZP compounds were studied. Ceramics Na1-xZr2(PO4)3-x(XO4)x with relatively high density (more than 97.5%) were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The increase in the W or Mo contents in the ceramics leads to an increase in the relative density of NZP and to a decrease of the optimum sintering temperature. The mean grain size in the NZP ceramics decreases with increasing W or Mo contents. The study of strength characteristics has revealed that the hardness of the NZP ceramics is greater than 5 GPa, and that the minimum fracture toughness factor was 1 MPa·m1/2