HUBUNGAN STRES DENGAN ENURESIS PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI DESA PETAK KECAMATAN PACET KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

Tujuan: Enuresis merupakan masalah yang sering ditemukan pada anak-anak. Enuresis memberikan pengaruh buruk baik secara psikologis dan sosial sehingga bisa mengganggu kehidupan anak dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya saat dewasa. Salah satu faktor penyebab enuresis pada anak adalah stres atau faktor psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan stres dengan enuresis pada anak usia sekolah.Metode: Desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 32 anak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner PSS-C (the Perceived Stress Scale For Children) yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat stres pada anak. Teknik statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah uji chi Square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar anak sekolah mengalami stres yang tinggi (62%) dan sebagian besar anak sekolah mengalami enuresis (56%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan Pvalue = 0,000 (Pvalue > ) sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara stres dengan enuresis pada anak.Simpulan: Diharapkan orang tua mengenali masalah psikososial yang terjadi pada anak sehingga dapat memberikan intervensi segera agar tidak berdampak pada perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan untuk mengajarkan tehnik manajemen stres pada anak dan manajemen penanganan enuresis pada anak sekolah.Kata kunci: Enuresis, Stres, Anak Sekola

Amenorrhea as a side effect of antipsychotics in the treatment of women with schizophrenia

Salah satu perbedaan skizofrenia yang terjadi pada laki-laki dan perempuan adalah perempuan lebih rentan mengalami efek samping dari antipsikotik. Salah satu efek samping antipsikotik yang dapat terjadi adalah amenorrhea. Amenorrhea yang terjadi merupakan amenorrhea sekunder akibat hiperprolaktinema karena fungsi dopamin, sebagai inhibitor prolaktin, ditekan oleh antipsikotik tipikal dan risperidon. Amenorrhea merupakan keluhan yang membutuhkan perhatian dalam penatalaksanaan skizofrenia pada perempuan mengingat pentingnya arti menstruasi bagi perempuan. Penatalaksanaan terhadap amenorrhea sebagai efek samping antipsikotik meliputi penurunan dosis antipsikotik, pemilihan antipsikotik yang hemat prolaktin, penggunaan dopamin agonis, metformin, estrogen dan sediaan herbal, serta psikoterapi supportif dan psikoedukasi. Evaluasi dan penatalaksanaan yang tepat terhadap amenorrhea sebagai efek samping antipsikotik akan dapat memlihara dan meningkatkan kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien skizofrenia

Deteksi dini Autisme Masa Kanak di PAUD Anggrek Kelurahan Sawunggaling Wonokromo Surabaya

Gangguan mental emosional merupakan suatu keadaan yang mengindikasikan individu mengalami suatu perubahan emosional yang dapat berkembang menjadi keadaan patologis apabila terus berlanjut sehingga perlu dilakukan antisipasi agar kesehatan jiwa masyarakat tetap terjaga. Istilah lain gangguan mental emosional adalah distress psikologik dan distress emosional. (ldaiani, 2009) Angka kejadian gangguan mental di dunia masih cukup tinggi. Pada tahun 2000, melalui studi global burden disease, WHO mendapatkan data gangguan mental sebesar l2%, tahun 2001 meningkat menjadi l3% dan diprediksi akan meningkat menjadi l5% pada tahun 2020 (WHO, 2001) Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2007, prevalensi gangguan mental emosional penduduk di Indonesia yang berusia >15 tahun adalah sebesar ll,60 . (Idaiani, 2009) Data tersebut di atas menunjukkan bahwa masih cukup tinggi prevalensi gangguan mental emosional pada penduduk devrasa di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, sangatlah penting uniuk dilakukan deteksi dini gangguan mental emosional pada penduduk sejak kecil, sebab gangguan mental emosional juga bisa dialami oleh anak usia 6 tahun ke bawah (DEPKES RI,2006) Pada dekade terakhir ini salah satu gangguan mental emosional yang paling sering datang ke klinis adalah autisme masa kanak, dimana diagnosis dapat ditegakkan sebelum usia 3 tahun

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A review of diagnosis and treatment

Background Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a life-threatening neuropsychiatric emergency because of the use of Neuroleptic drugs characterized by specifically clinical syndrome, like changes in mental status, stiffness, fever, and dysautonomia. The current problem in managing of the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is still not yet optimized causing the death rate is quite high with an incidence rate of the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is ranging from 0.02 to 3 percent among patients taking anti psychotic agents occur throughout the world. Methods From published articles conducted by the experts that concerning in Neuroleptic malignant syndromes and its management have been considered and reviewed. Comments It is important for medical workers to understand steps in managing and treating Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome from the initial management such as the immediate termination of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome drug agents, giving supportve management, early detection of clinical symptoms, Prevention of risk factors untl understanding the medical conditons associated with Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome specifically

Assessing Caregiver Burden and its Correlation to Quality of Life of Mother with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Surabaya Indonesia

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological disorder that affects brain function and occurs within the first three years of life and cause disorder in several areas of development including social interaction, communication and behavior. Mother, as primary caregiver is the most affected subject during nurturing. Mother’s quality of life is very important for mother’s wellbeing. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between caregiver burden with quality of life of mothers with autistic child. This study is an analytic cross sectional design using consequtive sampling in psychiatric day care Dr.Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Instrument using Caregiver Burden Assessment (CBA) and WHO Qol BREF to assess mother's quality of life. The sample for this study consisted of 24 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Objective burden showed a significant negative correlation with physical, psychological, and social domains quality of life and did not correlate to environmental domain of quality of life. Subjective burden and total caregiver burden did not correlate to all domain of quality of life of mother with autism spectrum disorders children

Correlation Between Children’s Temperament and Risk Factor of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disodrer in Elementary School

Introduction: The main symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. While temperament in children with ADHD is described as high in negative reactivity, low task persistence, high activity, low attentional focusing, high impulsivity and low inhibitory control. This study aims to analyze the correlation between children’s temperament and risk factor of ADHD. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design with Abbreviated Conners’ Rating Scale and Temperament in Middle Childhood questionnaire for instrument. All data are analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results: Prevalence of children with risks of ADHD from total subject was 21/114 students (18,4%, consisted of 18 males (81%) and 3 females (19%) with average age was 10 years old. The majority of participants were in the sixth grade (28.6%). There was a positive and weak correlation between surgency and ADHD symptoms (3,05 ± 0,75, p=0,045; r=0,44). Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the negative affect and effortful control dimensions of temperament with severity of ADHD, however this study found a positive and weak correlation between surgency and risk factor of ADHD

Membentuk Parenting Educator untuk Mengatasi Tantrum pada Anak Prasekolah

ESTABLISHING PARENTING EDUCATOR TO OVERCOME TANTRUM IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN. Tantrums or temper tantrums are a condition of the child's anger and emotions expression because the child's intentions and goals are difficult to convey. The cause of tantrums is closely related to family conditions. Early identification of abnormal tantrum behaviors and parenting interventions directed at helping parents deal with tantrums can prevent adverse long-term consequences. Methods: Parenting training and workshops to overcome tantrums to parents and teachers of kindergarten and play group in Gugus V, Kecamatan Kertosono. Result: parenting training and workshop was attended by 40 parents and teachers of kindergarten and play group in Gugus V, Kecamatan Kertosono. The level of participants' knowledge of tantrums are varied. Subjectively, 37.83% of participants stated that they understood tantrums and 62.16% stated that they did not understand about tantrums. After parenting training and workshops to overcome tantrums done, the results are increasing in knowledge about tantrum from 6.05 to 7.48. Conclusion: Parenting training and workshops to overcome tantrums in preschool children as a form of mental health education provide benefits of knowledge to teachers and parents of kindergarten and play group in Gugus V, Kecamatan Kertosono

Gambaran Umum Pola Asuh Pada Anak Retardasi Mental di RSUD Dr. Soetomo

Pendahuluan : Pola Asuh yang diterapkan oleh orang tua dalam merawat anak dengan retardasi mental, berperan dalam pembentukan karakter anak. Namun, seringkali orang tua kurang memahami kondisi anaknya yang menderita retardasi mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui gambaran umum pola asuh orang tua terhadap anak dengan retardasi mental. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan alat instrumen Kuesioner Pola Asuh Anak (KPAA). Penentuan jumlah sampel subyek adalah random sampling, dengan jumlah minimal 17 sampel. Kriteria inklusi subyek yaitu orang tua dari pasien anak retardasi mental yang pernah atau sedang menjalani terapi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisa univariat, analisa ini digunakan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dan menjelaskan atau mendeskripsikan karakteristik setiap variabel penelitian. Hasil : Berdasarkan analisa data yang dilakukan, dari 20 responden, didapatkan hasil bentuk pola asuh orang tua pada anak dengan retardasi mental bentuk permisif sebanyak 55% (11 orang), bentuk otoriter 30% (6 orang), dan bentuk otoritatif 15% (3 orang). Kesimpulan : Sebagian besar responden memiliki pola asuh permisif (55%) dengan kategori usiaorang tua sebagian besar adalah dewasa awal(75%), dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua sebagian besar Sekolah Menengah Pertama (40%), dan anak dengan retardasi mental sebagian besar adalah kategori mild mental retardation (65%). Dari hasil penelitian diharapkan orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan retardasi mental, lebih memahami anaknya dengan cara tidak selalu memberikan kebebasan penuh, namun juga tidak selalu menuntut, sehingga dapat memberikan pola asuh terbaik yang telah disesuaikan oleh orang tua dengan keadaan anak agar tercapai kualitas hidup yang optimal

Psychiatric Assistance at Cataract Juvenile

Background: Psychiatric assistance is required in the integrated handling of physical health disorders in the field of other disciplines known as CLP. A collaborative approach to the field of psychiatry with other scientific disciplines in accordance with WHO health criteria that includes physical and mental health for improving health and quality of life. Case presentation: A boy, 8 years, was consulted from the Ophthalmology Department with Right eye cataract juvenile, and left eye ptisis bulbi to give pre-operative psychological assistance for eye assessment and diagnostics. Patient also complained the blurred vision since last year and cannot see anything since 10 months ago. The current condition represents the patient cannot speak, often screams, likes to injure his head and scratch his face. Patients treated in the pediatric’s ward with global developmental delay. Patients were also consulted to the child psychiatry section with childhood autism, audiology, nutrition and metabolic diseases of children, pediatric neurology, and finally collaboration with the Surabaya City Health Office for a follow-up management plan. Conclusions: Child psychiatrist as a liaison, interacting with multidisciplinary medical or rehabilitation teams, families, schools, community and local city government are beneficial in the management of child disorders and improving family wellbeing

Darurat Cybersexual pada Anak dan Remaja

Cybersexual is a threat of sexual crimes for children and adolescents around the world. The Indonesian Child Protecon Commission 2015 states that Indonesia is currently in a state of cybersexual emergencies, with 1022 children vicms. Predators can behave freely even in the privacy of children because there are no restricons on space, place and me. Children who spend a lot of online me via smartphones, and have low self-esteem, low self-confidence and children who grew up in a chaoc family, become the main target of predators in finding targets. At the beginning, when predators planned to look for vicms,they try to meet the emoonal needs of children, while collecng the vicm's personal data, then the predators can slowly isolate the vicm and control all the vicm's acvies. The vicm voluntarily fulfills the predator's wishes without realizing it. Predators use certain terms in relaons with vicms to avoid environmental suspicion, create a personal atmosphere and desensize sexual maers in accordance with predators' fantasies, and children are always filled with emoonal needs to get close to predators. Children also do not accept parents' advice and oen lie. Cybersexual vicms can cause physical, cognive and academic loss, and also self-harm behavior, suicide aempts due to prolonged depression, eang disorders, and risk for substance abuse The theories that underlie cybersexual are behavioral theories, aachment theories, cognive behavioral theories and Finkelhor's integrated theory. Cybersexual cases are very dangerous because predators can act out of accordance with their true identy. It is difficult to find evidence, because predators can change data quickly and even disappear. Prevenon of cybersexual can be done by providing sexual educaon as early as possible with the aim of the child knowing and respecng his/her body and understand the limits of the body that can be seen and that must be protected. Parents also have to learn to understand the internet so they can control the behavior of children in interacng with the internet