Edible Film from Jack Bean Flour for Use as an Antioxidative Packaging Incorporating Extract of Green Tea

Addition of green tea’s extract in edible film’s matrix will improve film’s functionality. The film will has antioxidant properties and can protect food from rancidity and discoloration. In this research film based component was jack bean flour which has high content of carbohydrate and protein. The film had good mechanical and physical characters. The aim of this research was studying effect of green tea’s extract addition on phenolic, tannin concentration and antioxidant  activity of edible film. Extract of green tea was prepared with variation of temperature (28oC, 50oC and 100oC). The result showed that increasing of extraction temperature would increase phenolic content, tannin concentration and antioxidant  activity. When green tea extracted at 100oC phenolic concentration was 144.179 mg/g, tannin  was 50.345 mg/g and antioksidant activity was 58.8% (DPPH inhibition). After the extract was incorporated in to edible film, total phenolic concentration of film was 113.544 mg/g, tannin was 41.842 mg/g and antioxidant activity was 45.22%. Edible film with green tea addition, showed ability in inhibiting rancidity of peanut oil whereas peroxide value and TBA (Thio Barbituric Acid) number of peanut oil was 11.5 meq O2/kg and 0.13 ml/g after edible film immersion in 5 days. Peroxide value and TBA number of peanut oil without edible film immersion was 20.3 meq O2/kg and 0.32 ml/g

Mini Review: Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Unsaponifiable Matter from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

Palm fruit as raw material of palm oil is the main commodity of Indonesian agriculture. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of palm oil refinery process in deodorization stage. PFAD contained bioactive compounds such as vitamin E, phytosterols, and squalene. Vitamin E, phytosterols, and squalene have knows for its hypocholesterolemic effect and cardio protector. Bioactive compounds of PFAD can be separated from its fatty acid using saponification reaction. Saponification of PFAD produced unsaponifiable matter (USM) which was rich in bioactive compounds. Food fortification is aimed to enhance the nutrition quality of food for specific reason. The fortificant can be macronutrient or micronutrient. USM of PFAD potentially become food product fortificant which will give hypocholesterolemic effect. This review is discussed about hypocholesterolemic effect of each bioactive compounds in USM of PFAD and the potential of USM as food fortificant espsecially for food with hypocholesterolemic effect

Phytochemical and acute toxicity studies of ethanol extract from Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) fruit flour (PFF)

Studies on the phytochemical and acute toxicity of pedada fruit flour (PFF) were carried out. In acute toxicity test, oral administration of the extract to Swiss albino mice at four levels dose, i.e. 0, 10.50; 15.75 and 21.00 g/kg body weight.  Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of PFF showed the presence of saponins, sapogenins, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins,  polyphenols. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids were not detected. The results of acute toxicity (LD50) showed that the ethanol extract of PFF in mice was found more than 21.00 g/kg body weight. It could be concluded that the PFF belongs to relatively less dangerous category ‘non toxic’ and ‘safe’ for food products

Phytochemicals Screening and Antioxidant Activity Test of Isis Hippuris Methanol Extract

Isis hippuris (Sea bamboo) had been well-known by the East Indonesian and usually used as jewelry and sold as an export commodity. This research aims to understand phytochemicals screening results and antioxidant activity of Isis hippuris also to discover antioxidant content of Isis hippuris different parts and maceration times. Extraction method used was maceration technique with methanol as solventfor 24, 48, and 72 hours (1:8 of sample : solvent). Qualitative phytochemicals test were done by measured alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid/ triterpenoid, saponin, phenol hydroquinon dan tannin. The antioxidant test was done using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) 0,2 mM method with 1:4 of DPPH and sample ratio. IC50 (inhibitory concentration) value was used as a parameter to interpret antioxidant activity. The results of phytochemicals screening of Isis hippuris skin showed that alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, steroid, and saponin were founded while from axial parts contained alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol and steroid. DPPH IC50 results of Isis hippurisskin part with 24, 48 and 72 hours maceration times, respectively were 635,26 ppm, 635,61 ppm dan 663,40 ppm, while on the axial part were 870,34 ppm, 887,74 ppm, and 899,52 ppm. DPPH IC50 value either on the skin or axial parts were higher than 200 ppm which means chemical compounds founded on Sea Bamboo were less active but still have potential as an antioxidant. Keywords: phytochemical, sea bamboo, Isis hippuris, antioxidant, DPPH

Mentoring in Maggot Cultivation as Cheap Catfish Feed, at the Karang Taruna Padukuhan Bulu, Semanu, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta

Karang Taruna in Padukuhan Bulu, Semanu, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, has been cultivating catfish since 2018. The problem is that the cost of feed was getting higher so farmers' income was getting lower. This community service aims to introduce and provide mentoring for maggot cultivation for cheap catfish feed so that it can bring benefit to the catfish farming business. From observation and problem identification by the community service team, a program was arranged to produce cheap feed with maggot ingredients, so that the catfish farm can operate more economically and the farmers' incomes can be increased. The activity was carried out for four months, starting from the preparation of making maggot lair cages, maintaining maggot from eggs, and using it as maggot cages. The target is to provide cheaper catfish feed as a substitute for factory-made commercial feed. The results obtained were that Karang Taruna members managed to get catfish feed made from maggots, at a cheaper cost. Besides that, the level of catfish production increased (an increase in income of Rp. 366,000 per pond per period). Hopefully, this activity can be followed up by the local government and the welfare of the younger generation can be improved on an ongoing basis

Limbah Cair Industri Kakao Sebagai Bahan Pembuat Nata

This research was aimed to utilize the liquid waste of cacao industry as raw material for nata production. Research was performed in two steps : the first steps was clarification process using active charcoal in different waste dilllutions and the second step was the production of nata. Result of first step showed that active charcoal concentration and dilution treatment showed their effect of all parameters studied. The best result was obtained by treatment of 5% active charcoal concentration and the dilllution of cacao waste : water in 1:3 ratio. The production of nata in the second step of research was performed using this optimal clarification condition. Data showed that the combination treatment of 4% sucrose concentration and 0,4% of (NH4)2SO4 was elected as the best process that gave the best quality of nata. The best treatment showed product characteristic : 83,87% of fermentation yield; 95,23% of moisture content; 4,22% of fiber content; brightness (L*) of 42,87; 0,01 mm/g.dt of textur and 2,42 cm of nata thickness