Noise Mitigation Capability Comparison: Power Bus Isolation vs. Power Plane Segmentation

[[abstract]]In the printed circuit board design it usually implements two methods to solve the power-bus noise interference problem. One is by adding decoupling capacitor and the other method is to adopt power bus isolation or power plane segmentation. Large isolation gap distance gets better isolation impedance and it consequently improves the high frequency power-bus noise elimination capability. Meanwhile another important factor needed to consider is the segmentation pattern, the implementation cost will determine the segmentation size of the isolation area. Unavoidable interference exists in the digital and analog circuits that using the common power source. In this paper we will search and discuss several commonly implemented isolation techniques and study how to reduce the interference effect. By using isolated power island will apparently reduce board's impedance and the location of the power island will affect the board's resonant structure. The bridge width of the connecting bridge appreciably affects on the first resonant location, the segmentation gap size affects the coupling amount. The larger the gap size the smaller the gap capacitance will be and consequently larger gap size will improve the noise isolation capability; different gap shapes will affect the board's resonant structure, better board's resonant structure will improve resonant probabilities and consequently increase the board impedance.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙

When the mouse meets the elephant : a manual for string bass players with application of the philosophy and principles of the F. M. Alexander Technique

This study was concerned with the use of the Alexander Technique principles in avoiding unwanted muscular tension and maintaining proper use of the body in double bass playing. Of particular importance was how the Alexander Technique could facilitate the fundamentals of double bass playing. The Alexander Technique is a hands-on method which aids the individual in achieving muscular coordination which is free and lively. Applying the principles of the Alexander Technique helps one achieve a harmonious psychophysical state, which results in greater ease, poise, and physical coordination in any activity, even the most demanding of virtuoso works for double bass. As a petite female bass player, I had cultivated much improper habitual muscular tension since the very beginning of my bass study. I had a very wrong idea about the use of body strength in relation to playing my bass. I decided to use narrative inquiry (autoethnography) to study the influence of Alexander Technique lessons on the physiological and psychological aspect of my double bass playing. Over the course of one year, I took Alexander Technique lessons and kept a journal, took pictures, and video-taped my lessons in order to collect data on my progress. In addition, I completed interviews with my Alexander Technique teacher and my double bass teacher to get their perspectives on my performance. I found that after three months my neck and shoulder strain has improved, after four months my upper back strain had improved, after six months the muscle tension in my right leg had improved, after nine months the pain on the left side of my lower back had improved, after 11 months the pain on the left side of my lower back had disappeared, and at the end of 12 months, there was less muscular interference with my breathing, allowing me to breathe more freely while playing. Both my Alexander Technique teacher and my double bass teacher noticed great improvement in my performance. This study demonstrates how the Alexander principles can help reduce physical limitations with or without the instrument, thus enabling the full emotional expression, freedom of movement, and relief from tensions while making music with more balanced coordination

The study of multiwall carbon nanotubes light reflectivity

[[abstract]]In this paper we study the light reflectivity of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the wavelength of range 1150nm-1755 nm, it reveals from our measurements that when the multiwall carbon nanotubes are pattern-grown its return loss is linear inversely proportional to the nanotubes grown height and with this characteristics the pattern-grown CNTs can be utilized as a good optical attenuator. However for nanotubes when it is fabricated in high density but pattern-less it has greater than 45 dB return loss, this is equivalent to have less than 0.56% reflectivity; it has high absorption effect and consequently can be utilized as a black body absorber.[[notice]]需補會議地點、主辦單位[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20110621~2011062

Interpretation as a factor influencing translation: the case of a biblical metaphor

This paper identifies interpretation as a crucial factor influencing translation of biblical metaphors. Data are drawn from five Chinese Bible translations. Qualitative analysis is conducted. The results show that it is highly likely for translators’ interpretation of biblical metaphors to affect the metaphor translation. More researches probing into translation variations of biblical metaphors in Chinese Bible translations are called for

Interpretation as a factor influencing translation: the case of a biblical metaphor

This paper identifies interpretation as a crucial factor influencing translation of biblical metaphors. Data are drawn from five Chinese Bible translations. Qualitative analysis is conducted. The results show that it is highly likely for translators’ interpretation of biblical metaphors to affect the metaphor translation. More researches probing into translation variations of biblical metaphors in Chinese Bible translations are called for

III-V Semiconductor Materials Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Infrared and High-Speed Transistor Applications

Semiconductor devices based on III-V materials have been the focus of intense research due to their superior electron mobility and favorable energy direct bandgap which are applicable in infrared wavelength range optoelectronics and high speed electronic systems. The thesis presented here consists of two thrusts; the first focusing on infrared applications, and the second focusing on InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). In the first thrust, we investigate type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice IR detector devices and the effect of substrate orientation on InSb and InAs nanostructure morphology. In the second thrust, we study InP-based high frequency HBTs. A low resistance InAs ohmic contact is demonstrated, and we presented along with a study of the crystalline qualities in GaAs0.5Sb0.5 films grown on tilted- axis InP substrates. Chapter 2 presents fabrication and characterization of two type-II superlattice structures with 15 monolayer (ML) InAs/12ML GaSb and 17ML InAs/7ML GaSb grown on GaSb (100) substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of both the 15ML InAs/12ML GaSb and 17MLInAs/7ML GaSb superlattices indicated excellent material and interface qualities. The cutoff wavelengths of 15ML InAs/12ML GaSb and 17ML InAs/7ML GaSb superlattices photodetectors were measured to be 6.6μm and 10.2μm, respectively. These different spectral ranges were achieved by growing alternating layers of varying thicknesses which allowed for bandgap engineering of the superlattices of InAs and GaSb. Lastly, a mid-IR type-II superlattice photodiode was demonstrated at 80K with a cutoff wavelength at 6.6µm. The device exhibited a near background limited performance (BLIP) detectivity at 80K and higher temperature operation up to 280K. In Chapter 3, we show that the (411) orientation, though not a naturally occurring surface, is a favorable orientation to develop a buffer layer into a super flat surface at a certain high growth temperature. The (411) surface is a combination of localized (311) and (511) surfaces but at a high growth temperature, adatoms can obtain enough energy to overcome the energy barrier between these localized (311) and (511) surfaces and form a uniform (411) surface with potential minima. This results in a super flat surface which is promising for high-density nanostructure growth. In this work, this is the first time that the highest InSb and InAs nanostructures density can be achieved on the (411) surface which is in comparison with the (100), (311), and (511) surfaces. Chapter 4 of this thesis addresses the use of an InAs layer as a low-resistance ohmic contact to InP-based heterostructure devices. Selective area crystal growth of InAs on a dielectric (Benzocyclobutene, BCB polymer) covered InP (100) substrate and direct growth of InAs on InP substrate were performed by MBE. Heavy doping of InAs using Te was carried out to determine the lowest sheet resistance. Based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD measurements, increasing substrate temperature from 210 ℃ to 350 ℃, led to an improvement in crystallinity from a polycrystalline layer to a single crystal layer with a corresponding improvement of surface morphology. Moreover, a narrow X-ray diffraction peak indicated full-relaxation of the inherent 3.3% lattice-mismatch in InAs/InP layers. Furthermore, around 290 ℃ a tradeoff was reached between crystallinity and optimized dopant incorporation of Te into InAs for the lowest sheet resistance. Lastly, Chapter 5 discusses the effect of substrate tilting on the material properties of MBE grown GaAsSb alloys closely lattice-matched to an InP substrate. InP(100) substrates tilted 0°off-(on-axis), 2°off-, 3°off-, and 4°off-axis were used for MBE growth; then the material qualities of GaAsSb epitaxial layers were compared using various techniques, including high resolution XRD, photoluminescence (PL) and transmission-line measurements (TLM). Substrate tilting improved the crystalline quality of the GaAsSb alloys, as shown by a narrower XRD linewidth and enhanced optical quality as evidenced by a strong PL peak. The results of TLM show that the lowest sheet resistance was achieved at a 2° off-axis tilt

Strategies to manage tail biting in pigs housed in fully-slatted systems

EU Council Directive (2008/120/EC) prohibits the routine practice of tail docking to control tail biting in pigs, yet most pigs in Europe are still tail-docked. This is primarily due to a lack of effective solutions with the least economic impact for the producers, especially in fully-slatted systems. This PhD project aimed to find strategies to manage tail biting in pigs housed on fully-slatted floors, using enrichment and dietary strategies. The first two experiments started with identifying suitable materials as enrichment for docked pigs housed in fully-slatted system. Pigs’ enrichment use was compared between four different wood types; beech (Fagus sylvatica), larch (Larix decidua), spruce (Picea sitchensis) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and also between wood types (beech, larch, spruce) and a rubber floor toy. Pigs were consistently observed interacting with the spruce more frequently than the other wood types in the two experiments, and the rubber floor toy also generated a similar amount of interaction from pigs as the spruce post. No carcass damage was found which could be directly related to using dried wood sourced from a commercial sawmill. The next experiment used a single enrichment item and different fibre levels in the diet to rear undocked pigs. In a 2×2×2 design, the pigs had either: A) a standard (weaner 3.7% finisher 5.9%) or high fibre (weaner 5.3% finisher 11.6%) diet; B) a spruce post or a rubber floor toy as enrichment in the weaner stage; C) the same/alternated enrichment given in the finisher stage. During this experiment a high level of tail biting was recorded (n=26 tail biting outbreaks), and a substantial number of pigs were removed temporarily or permanently from their home pens due to tail biting. Pigs fed with a high fibre diet had worse tail damage score and performed more tail biting. Pigs which had the floor toy in the weaner stage and wood in the finisher stage had slightly lower tail lesion scores. Pigs receiving the floor toy interacted with the enrichment more frequently overall. This study showed that higher dietary fibre in a relatively barren environment did not help reduce tail biting or tail lesions Moreover, a single enrichment item, which was preferred by pigs in the previous studies, was not enough in a group of 14 pigs to control tail biting, and thus the quantity of enrichment may be important factor to consider. In the final experiment, a 2 × 3 design was used to further investigate the effect of A) an enriched/barren environment during farrowing and B) three enrichment management strategies post-weaning, based on the frequency of replenishment (“Low”: on Monday/Wednesday/Friday; “Medium”: once daily; “High”: ad libitum). All pens received the same enrichment (8 items/12 pigs, including an elevated rack supplied with fresh-cut grass). The average daily gain in the finishing stage was slightly higher in “High” than “Low” pigs. “Low” pigs also performed more damaging behaviours (tail/ear biting, belly-nosing, mounting, other biting and aggressive behaviours) than “High” and “Medium” pigs. No difference in lesion scores was found between treatments. Although sporadic tail biting outbreaks occurred (n=14, halved compared to the previous trial), they usually resolved within 2 weeks, and all but one tail-injured pig were successfully reintroduced back to their home pens after removals. Thus, this study concluded that by employing appropriate enrichment management strategies, tail biting can be kept at a level without a negative impact on the production cost in undocked pigs housed in a fully-slatted system

Light Reflectivity of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Pattern-less or Pattern-grown Nanotubes

[[abstract]]The light reflectivity of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the 1150nm - 1755 nm wavelength range with pattern-less and pattern-grown nanotubes are studied. From test measurements it concludes that when the multiwall carbon nanotubes are pattern-grown fabricated its return loss is linearly proportional to the nanotubes grown height and consequently the pattern-grown CNTs can be implemented as a good optical attenuator. However for high density nanotubes fabricated with pattern-less process it has greater than 45 dB return loss, this is equivalent to have less than 0.56% reflectivity; with this high absorption effect it can be utilized as a black body absorber.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙