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Quantification of atherosclerotic plaque volume in coronary arteries by computed tomographic angiography in subjects with and without diabetes.
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and volume of coronary artery plaque in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) vs. those without DM.MethodsThis study recruited consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA) between October 2016 and November 2017. Personal information including conventional cardiovascular risk factors was collected. Plaque phenotypes were automatically calculated for volume of different component. The volume of different plaque was compared between DM patients and those without DM.ResultsAmong 6381 patients, 931 (14.59%) were diagnosed with DM. The prevalence of plaque in DM subjects was higher compared with nondiabetic group significantly (48.34% vs. 33.01%, χ = 81.84, P < 0.001). DM was a significant risk factor for the prevalence of plaque in a multivariate model (odds ratio [OR] = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.258-1.706, P < 0.001). The volume of total plaque and any plaque subtypes in the DM subjects was greater than those in nondiabetic patients significantly (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques were significantly higher in diabetic patients than those in non-diabetic patients
Experimental realization of universal high-dimensional quantum gates with ultra-high fidelity and efficiency
Qudit, a high-dimensional quantum system, provides a larger Hilbert space to
process the quantum information and has shown remarkable advantages over the
qubit counterparts. It is a great challenge to realize the high fidelity
universal quantum gates with qudits. Here we theoretically propose and
experimentally demonstrate a set of universal quantum gates for a single
optical qudit with four dimensions (including the generalized Pauli gate,
Pauli gate, and all of their integer powers), which are encoded in the
polarization-spatial degree of freedom without multiple unstable cascaded
interferometers. Furthermore, we also realize the controlled- gate and all
of its integer powers. We have achieved both the ultra-high average gate
fidelity and efficiency , which are above the the error
threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Our work paves a way for the
large-scale high-dimensional fault-tolerant quantum computation with a
polynomial resource cost
Observation of quantum fingerprinting beating the classical limit
Quantum communication has historically been at the forefront of advancements,
from fundamental tests of quantum physics to utilizing the quantum-mechanical
properties of physical systems for practical applications. In the field of
communication complexity, quantum communication allows the advantage of an
exponential reduction in the information transmitted over classical
communication to accomplish distributed computational tasks. However, to date,
demonstrating this advantage in a practical setting continues to be a central
challenge. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of a quantum
fingerprinting protocol that for the first time surpasses the ultimate
classical limit to transmitted information. Ultra-low noise superconducting
single-photon detectors and a stable fibre-based Sagnac interferometer are used
to implement a quantum fingerprinting system that is capable of transmitting
less information than the classical proven lower bound over 20 km standard
telecom fibre for input sizes of up to two Gbits. The results pave the way for
experimentally exploring the advanced features of quantum communication and
open a new window of opportunity for research in communication complexity and
testing the foundations of physics.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Domain‑wall magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic hexagonal YbFeO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e films
Electrical modulation of magnetic states in single-phase multiferroic materials, using domain-wall magnetoelectric (ME) coupling, can be enhanced substantially by controlling the population density of the ferroelectric (FE) domain walls during polarization switching. In this work, we investigate the domain-wall ME coupling in multiferroic h-YbFeO3 thin films, in which the FE domain walls induce clamped antiferromagnetic (AFM) domain walls with reduced magnetization magnitude. Simulation according to the phenomenological theory indicates that the domain-wall ME effect is dramatically enhanced when the separation between the FE domain walls shrinks below the characteristic width of the clamped AFM domain walls during the ferroelectric switching. Experimentally, we show that while the magnetization magnitude remains same for both the positive and the negative saturation polarization states, there is evidence of magnetization reduction at the coercive voltages. These results suggest that the domain-wall ME effect is viable for electrical control of magnetization
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