Mechanism research on technical policy of liquid extraction depressurization development for buried hill reservoirs

Most of buried hill reservoirs are in the late stage of water flooding development, especially for this kind of reservoir with large water-oil volume ratio, it is more difficult to develop the residual oil in matrix system. This article presents a new idea about technical policy of extraction depressurization development which has not been studied in domestic and abroad, and analyses the major influence factor of liquid extraction depressurization by dual-media numerical simulation in depth. The results show that it can increase the oil production in matrix system to a greater extent by liquid extraction depressurization. The liquid extraction capacity is the most important factor which contains the effect of uniform speed liquid extraction, variable speed liquid extraction and periodic liquid extraction. Under the condition of keeping stable production, the larger the liquid volume extracted, the faster pressure dropped, and the more oil will be discharged in matrix system. According to these results, this paper suggests the reasonable technical policy of liquid extraction depressurization, and it is of great significance to obtain good effect of slowing down water cut and enhancing oil recovery in depressurization development of the buried hill reservoirs with high water cut and enough energy

A Brain-Machine Interface Based on ERD/ERS for an Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Control

To recognize the user’s motion intention, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) usually decode movements from cortical activity to control exoskeletons and neuroprostheses for daily activities. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether self-induced variations of the electroencephalogram (EEG) can be useful as control signals for an upper-limb exoskeleton developed by us. A BMI based on event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) is proposed. In the decoder-training phase, we investigate the offline classification performance of left versus right hand and left hand versus both feet by using motor execution (ME) or motor imagery (MI). The results indicate that the accuracies of ME sessions are higher than those of MI sessions, and left hand versus both feet paradigm achieves a better classification performance, which would be used in the online-control phase. In the online-control phase, the trained decoder is tested in two scenarios (wearing or without wearing the exoskeleton). The MI and ME sessions wearing the exoskeleton achieve mean classification accuracy of 84.29% ± 2.11% and 87.37% ± 3.06%, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the proposed BMI is effective to control the upper-limb exoskeleton, and provides a practical method by non-invasive EEG signal associated with human natural behavior for clinical applications

The effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative tumor recurrence and patient survival after breast cancer surgery: a feasibility study

Abstract Purpose Dexmedetomidine (Dexmed) is a highly selective alpha 2 adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist with excellent sedation and analgesic effects and is frequently used in breast cancer surgery. However, the exact impact of Dexmed on breast cancer prognosis is still unclear. The primary objective of this pilot study was to explore study feasibility (recruitment and dropout rates) for future large-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the hypothesis that intraoperative Dexmed reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients after breast cancer surgery. Methods Interviews with patients were performed during the anesthetic preoperative visit for informed consent. Adult females scheduled for a mastectomy due to primary breast cancer were 1:1 randomised to saline (Group Control) or Dexmed (Group Dexmed) treatment groups. The primary outcomes were descriptions of study feasibility (recruitment and dropout rates). We also performed a preliminary analysis of RFS (time from surgery to the earliest date of recurrence/metastasis) and OS (time from surgery to the date of all-cause death) and collected data on percentages/numbers of circulating immune cells at pre- and 24 h post-operation. Results A total of 964 patients were screened; 40% (385/964) met the inclusion criteria, among which 39% (150/385) were enrolled and randomly assigned to either Group Control (n = 75) or Group Dexmed (n = 75). The median follow-up duration was 49 months (interquartile range (IQR): 34–58 months) for Group Control and 48 months (IQR: 33–60 months) for Group Dexmed. Five percent (5%, 8/150) patients were lost to follow-up and 1% (2/150) died. There was no significant difference in RFS and OS. The percentage/number of natural killer (NK), B and T-cell subsets and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were similar between groups at 24 h post-operation. Conclusion The pilot study was feasible to deliver. In a future definitive trial, the lower recruitment rate may be improved by increasing the number of anesthesiologists involved in the study. The study about the effects of Dexmed on long-term prognoses of breast cancer patients that is planned to follow this pilot study is a large-scaled randomized control study with the aim of providing evidence-based guidelines for rational use of Dexmed in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Trial registration Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 20, 2016 (ID: NCT03109990). Graphical Abstrac

The Rostral Ventromedial and Lateral Medulla Are the Major Areas Responsive to Lung Cancer Progression among Brainstem Lung-Innervating Nuclei

In recent years, the information crosstalk between the central nervous system and the periphery has been a hot topic, such as the brain–gut axis, brain–lung axis, etc. Among them, some studies have shown that brainstem nuclei activity can significantly affect the progression of peripheral tumor; however, regarding lung cancer, our understanding of the basic characteristics of the lung-innervating brain nuclei responsive to lung cancer progression remains deficient. Therefore, we used the pseudorabies virus for retrograde labeling of nerves to study the neural circuits between the lung and brain. We then established a mouse orthotopic lung cancer model and used the expression of the c-Fos gene in brain regions to characterize activated brain circuits and compared these results with those of the control group. We focused on c-Fos activity in nuclei associated with retrograde tracing regions of the brainstem. We found over 16 nuclei in the whole brain with direct or indirect lung innervation through neural retrograde labeling with the pseudorabies virus. We further revealed that the neuronal activity of the rostral ventrolateral reticular nucleus (RVL), caudal nucleus of Raphe (raphe obscurus nucleus, ROb), Raphe pallidus nucleus (RPa), and ventral gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GiV) in the rostral ventromedial and lateral medulla were significantly changed in an orthotopic lung cancer mouse model by the immunostaining of c-Fos early responsive protein. Thus, the distinctive rostroventral medulla area, functionally closely related to the vagus nerve, likely plays a role in central neural interaction with peripheral lung tumors and deserves future investigation

Tandem Molecular Self-Assembly Selectively Inhibits Lung Cancer Cells by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

The selective formation of nanomaterials in cancer cells and tumors holds great promise for cancer diagnostics and therapy. Until now, most strategies rely on a single trigger to control the formation of nanomaterials in situ. The combination of two or more triggers may provide for more sophisticated means of manipulation. In this study, we rationally designed a molecule (Comp. 1) capable of responding to two enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and reductase. Since the A549 lung cancer cell line showed elevated levels of extracellular ALP and intracellular reductase, we demonstrated that Comp. 1 responded in a stepwise fashion to those two enzymes and displayed a tandem molecular self-assembly behavior. The selective formation of nanofibers in the mitochondria of the lung cancer cells led to the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane, resulting in an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of cytochrome C (Cyt C). ROS can react with proteins, resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). This severe ER stress led to disruption of the ER, formation of vacuoles, and ultimately, apoptosis of the A549 cells. Therefore, Comp. 1 could selectively inhibit lung cancer cells in vitro and A549 xenograft tumors in vivo. Our study provides a novel strategy for the selective formation of nanomaterials in lung cancer cells, which is powerful and promising for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer

Design of Ni(OH)2 nano-boxes@CuS nanosheets hollow hierarchical structure to achieve synergistic catalysis for high sensitivity dopamine electrochemical sensing

Inspired by electrocatalytic kinetics, the design of hollow hierarchical structure through the integration of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds and two-dimensional (2D) sheet-like materials was considered as an ef-fective approach to achieve superior electrocatalytic activity. Ni(OH)2 nano-boxes@CuS nanosheets hollow hierarchical structure (Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS) was synthesized by a sulfidation involved coordinated etching and precipitation (CEP) process for the first time. Interestingly, CuS nanosheets were vertically distributed on Ni(OH)2 NBs. As a sensitive electrode for dopamine, Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed a sensitivity as high as 1011.7 mu A mM-1 cm-2, which was greater than those of Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs fragmentized HHS/GCE (Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs FHHS/GCE, 354.1 and 717.2 mu A mM-1 cm-2), CuS NBs/GCE (646.2 mu A mM-1 cm-2) and Ni(OH)2 NBs/GCE (472.1 and 848.2 mu A mM-1 cm-2). Moreover, Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS/GCE showed an ultralow detection limit of 3.2 nM. According to theoretical calculation, the excellent electroactivity was attributed to the enhanced kinetics issued from the combination of 3D Ni(OH)2 NBs and 2D CuS NSs. Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS was expected as an ideal electrocatalyst for dopamine electrochemical sensing, and the integrating of transition metal-based hollow scaffolds and 2D materials provided new thought to acquire high electrocatalystic activity.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Design of Ni(OH)2 nano-boxes@CuS nanosheets hollow hierarchical structure to achieve synergistic catalysis for high sensitivity dopamine electrochemical sensing

Inspired by electrocatalytic kinetics, the design of hollow hierarchical structure through the integration of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds and two-dimensional (2D) sheet-like materials was considered as an ef-fective approach to achieve superior electrocatalytic activity. Ni(OH)2 nano-boxes@CuS nanosheets hollow hierarchical structure (Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS) was synthesized by a sulfidation involved coordinated etching and precipitation (CEP) process for the first time. Interestingly, CuS nanosheets were vertically distributed on Ni(OH)2 NBs. As a sensitive electrode for dopamine, Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed a sensitivity as high as 1011.7 mu A mM-1 cm-2, which was greater than those of Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs fragmentized HHS/GCE (Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs FHHS/GCE, 354.1 and 717.2 mu A mM-1 cm-2), CuS NBs/GCE (646.2 mu A mM-1 cm-2) and Ni(OH)2 NBs/GCE (472.1 and 848.2 mu A mM-1 cm-2). Moreover, Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS/GCE showed an ultralow detection limit of 3.2 nM. According to theoretical calculation, the excellent electroactivity was attributed to the enhanced kinetics issued from the combination of 3D Ni(OH)2 NBs and 2D CuS NSs. Ni(OH)2 NBs@CuS NSs HHS was expected as an ideal electrocatalyst for dopamine electrochemical sensing, and the integrating of transition metal-based hollow scaffolds and 2D materials provided new thought to acquire high electrocatalystic activity.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Image_4_Copper and cuproptosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: therapeutic biomarkers targeting tumor immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints.jpeg

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, exhibits high immune heterogeneity and mortality. Emerging studies suggest that copper (Cu) plays a key role in cell survival. However, the relationship between Cu and tumor development remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated the effects of Cu and cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in patients with HCC in the TCGA-LIHC (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver cancer, n = 347) and ICGC-LIRI-JP (International Cancer Genome Consortium-Liver Cancer-Riken-Japan, n = 203) datasets. Prognostic genes were identified by survival analysis, and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model was constructed using the prognostic genes in the two datasets. Additionally, we analyzed differentially expressed genes and signal pathway enrichment. We also evaluated the effects of CRGs on tumor immune cell infiltration and their co-expression with immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and performed validation in different tumor immune microenvironments (TIMs). Finally, we performed validation using clinical samples and predicted the prognosis of patients with HCC using a nomogram.ResultsA total of 59 CRGs were included for analysis, and 15 genes that significantly influenced the survival of patients in the two datasets were identified. Patients were grouped by risk scores, and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that immune-related pathways were substantially enriched in both datasets. Tumor immune cell infiltration analysis and clinical validation revealed that PRNP (Prion protein), SNCA (Synuclein alpha), and COX17 (Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17) may be closely correlated with immune cell infiltration and ICG expression. A nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC using patients’ characteristics and risk scores.ConclusionCRGs may regulate the development of HCC by targeting the TIM and ICGs. CRGs such as PRNP, SNCA, and COX17 could be promising targets for HCC immune therapy in the future.</p

Image_1_Copper and cuproptosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: therapeutic biomarkers targeting tumor immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints.jpeg

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, exhibits high immune heterogeneity and mortality. Emerging studies suggest that copper (Cu) plays a key role in cell survival. However, the relationship between Cu and tumor development remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated the effects of Cu and cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in patients with HCC in the TCGA-LIHC (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver cancer, n = 347) and ICGC-LIRI-JP (International Cancer Genome Consortium-Liver Cancer-Riken-Japan, n = 203) datasets. Prognostic genes were identified by survival analysis, and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model was constructed using the prognostic genes in the two datasets. Additionally, we analyzed differentially expressed genes and signal pathway enrichment. We also evaluated the effects of CRGs on tumor immune cell infiltration and their co-expression with immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and performed validation in different tumor immune microenvironments (TIMs). Finally, we performed validation using clinical samples and predicted the prognosis of patients with HCC using a nomogram.ResultsA total of 59 CRGs were included for analysis, and 15 genes that significantly influenced the survival of patients in the two datasets were identified. Patients were grouped by risk scores, and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that immune-related pathways were substantially enriched in both datasets. Tumor immune cell infiltration analysis and clinical validation revealed that PRNP (Prion protein), SNCA (Synuclein alpha), and COX17 (Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17) may be closely correlated with immune cell infiltration and ICG expression. A nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC using patients’ characteristics and risk scores.ConclusionCRGs may regulate the development of HCC by targeting the TIM and ICGs. CRGs such as PRNP, SNCA, and COX17 could be promising targets for HCC immune therapy in the future.</p

Image_2_Copper and cuproptosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: therapeutic biomarkers targeting tumor immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints.png

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, exhibits high immune heterogeneity and mortality. Emerging studies suggest that copper (Cu) plays a key role in cell survival. However, the relationship between Cu and tumor development remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated the effects of Cu and cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in patients with HCC in the TCGA-LIHC (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver cancer, n = 347) and ICGC-LIRI-JP (International Cancer Genome Consortium-Liver Cancer-Riken-Japan, n = 203) datasets. Prognostic genes were identified by survival analysis, and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model was constructed using the prognostic genes in the two datasets. Additionally, we analyzed differentially expressed genes and signal pathway enrichment. We also evaluated the effects of CRGs on tumor immune cell infiltration and their co-expression with immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and performed validation in different tumor immune microenvironments (TIMs). Finally, we performed validation using clinical samples and predicted the prognosis of patients with HCC using a nomogram.ResultsA total of 59 CRGs were included for analysis, and 15 genes that significantly influenced the survival of patients in the two datasets were identified. Patients were grouped by risk scores, and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that immune-related pathways were substantially enriched in both datasets. Tumor immune cell infiltration analysis and clinical validation revealed that PRNP (Prion protein), SNCA (Synuclein alpha), and COX17 (Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17) may be closely correlated with immune cell infiltration and ICG expression. A nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC using patients’ characteristics and risk scores.ConclusionCRGs may regulate the development of HCC by targeting the TIM and ICGs. CRGs such as PRNP, SNCA, and COX17 could be promising targets for HCC immune therapy in the future.</p