Ambient gold-catalyzed O-vinylation of cyclic 1,3-diketone: A vinyl ether synthesis

Gold-catalyzed O-vinylation of cyclic 1,3-diketones has been achieved for the first time, which provides direct access to various vinyl ethers. A catalytic amount of copper triflate was identified as the significant additive in promoting this transformation. Both aromatic and aliphatic alkynes are suitable substrates with good to excellent yields

Barriers and enablers to achievement of food security and high-quality diets for tertiary education students in Australia

The nutritional health of tertiary education students requires more attention from the institutions and government. International students who relocate from their home country to live and study in a different cultural and social food environment may experience additional challenges in food and nutrition security compared with their domestic peers. The ultimate aim of this research is to provide evidence-based recommendations to assist universities and the government to enable domestic and international students to be more food secure and achieve better diet quality. The mixed methods design was employed in this thesis. The introduction of the thesis is included in Chapter One and methods in Chapter Two. Two literature reviews, a scoping review on dietary acculturation of international students (Chapter Three) and a systematic review on food insecurity and dietary outcomes of university students (Chapter Four), were conducted to inform the design of the following qualitative and quantitative studies. Changes in eating habits experienced by international students in Australia were explored through semi-structured interviews (Chapter Five). The food security status of domestic and international students was investigated and compared via a cross-sectional online survey (Chapter Six). To assess the diet quality of domestic and international students, the Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA-2013) was calculated after their completion of 24-hour dietary recalls (Chapter Seven). The findings are integrated to tailor the recommendations for domestic and international tertiary education students to improve their food security status and diet quality (Chapter Eight)

Lossy and Lossless (L2^2) Post-training Model Size Compression

Deep neural networks have delivered remarkable performance and have been widely used in various visual tasks. However, their huge size causes significant inconvenience for transmission and storage. Many previous studies have explored model size compression. However, these studies often approach various lossy and lossless compression methods in isolation, leading to challenges in achieving high compression ratios efficiently. This work proposes a post-training model size compression method that combines lossy and lossless compression in a unified way. We first propose a unified parametric weight transformation, which ensures different lossy compression methods can be performed jointly in a post-training manner. Then, a dedicated differentiable counter is introduced to guide the optimization of lossy compression to arrive at a more suitable point for later lossless compression. Additionally, our method can easily control a desired global compression ratio and allocate adaptive ratios for different layers. Finally, our method can achieve a stable $10\times$ compression ratio without sacrificing accuracy and a $20\times$ compression ratio with minor accuracy loss in a short time. Our code is available at https://github.com/ModelTC/L2_Compression

Ambient gold-catalyzed O-vinylation of cyclic 1,3-diketone: A vinyl ether synthesis

Abstract Gold-catalyzed O-vinylation of cyclic 1,3-diketones has been achieved for the first time, which provides direct access to various vinyl ethers. A catalytic amount of copper triflate was identified as the significant additive in promoting this transformation. Both aromatic and aliphatic alkynes are suitable substrates with good to excellent yields. 253

Monitoring morphological changes in 2D monolayer semiconductors using atom-thick plasmonic nanocavities

This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License.-- et al.Nanometer-sized gaps between plasmonically coupled adjacent metal nanoparticles enclose extremely localized optical fields, which are strongly enhanced. This enables the dynamic investigation of nanoscopic amounts of material in the gap using optical interrogation. Here we use impinging light to directly tune the optical resonances inside the plasmonic nanocavity formed between single gold nanoparticles and a gold surface, filled with only yoctograms of semiconductor. The gold faces are separated by either monolayers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) or two-unit-cell thick cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoplatelets. This extreme confinement produces modes with 100-fold compressed wavelength, which are exquisitely sensitive to morphology. Infrared scattering spectroscopy reveals how such nanoparticle-on-mirror modes directly trace atomic-scale changes in real time. Instabilities observed in the facets are crucial for applications such as heat-assisted magnetic recording that demand long-lifetime nanoscale plasmonic structures, but the spectral sensitivity also allows directly tracking photochemical reactions in these 2-dimensional solids.This work was supported by the UK EPSRC grants EP/G060649/1, EP/L027151/1, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), and ERC grant 320503 LINASS. C.T. and J.A. acknowledge financial support from Project FIS2013-41184-P from MINECO, ETORTEK 2014-15 of the Basque Department of Industry and IT756-13 from the Basque consolidated groups.Peer Reviewe

A novel botybirnavirus with a unique satellite dsRNA causes latent infection in Didymella theifolia isolated from tea plants

© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/The unique, recently discovered fungus Didymella theifolia specifically infects local varieties of tea plant Camellia sinensis in China, and therefore, the characterization of its mycoviruses is important. Three double-stranded (ds) RNAs (1, 2, and 3, with 6,338, 5,910, and 727 bp in size, respectively) were identified in the avirulent D. theifolia strain CJP4-1, which exhibits normal growth and morphology. Characterization of these double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) revealed that the two largest elements are the genomic components of a novel botybirnavirus, tentatively named Didymella theifolia botybirnavirus 1 (DtBRV1). Conversely, dsRNA3 shares no detectable similarity with sequences deposited in public databases but has high similarity with the 5′-terminal regions of dsRNAs 1 and 2 and contains a duplicated region encoding a putative small peptide. All three dsRNAs are encapsidated in isometric virions ca. 40 nm in diameter, supporting the notion that dsRNA3 is a DtBRV1 satellite. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with peptide mass fingerprint analysis revealed that the DtBRV1 capsid protein consists of polypeptides encoded by the 5′-terminal regions of both genomic components dsRNA1 and dsRNA2. Vertical transmission of DtBRV1 through conidia is efficient, while its horizontal transmission from CJP4-1 to other strains was not detected. DtBRV1, with or without dsRNA3, has no obvious effects on fungal growth and virulence, as illustrated following transfection of the virulent D. theifolia strain JYC1-6. In summary, DtBRV1 exhibits unique molecular traits and contributes to our understanding of mycovirus diversity.Peer reviewe