Description of rice cultivars and breeding lines used in this study.¹

1<p>Characteristics of rice genotypes were verified using 1536 SNP markers <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0043066#pone.0043066-Zhao1" target="_blank">[42]</a>.</p>2<p>Cultivar 172 was susceptible to blast although it contains <i>Pi-ta</i> because lacking <i>Ptr(t)</i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0043066#pone.0043066-Jia7" target="_blank">[25]</a>.</p>3<p>Indicates the absence, and + indicates the presence of resistant <i>Pi-ta</i> allele in each genotype as determined using method described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0043066#pone.0043066-Jia5" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p

<em>Indica</em> and <em>Japonica</em> Crosses Resulting in Linkage Block and Recombination Suppression on Rice Chromosome 12

<div><p>Understanding linkage block size and molecular mechanisms of recombination suppression is important for plant breeding. Previously large linkage blocks ranging from 14 megabases to 27 megabases were observed around the rice blast resistance gene <em>Pi-ta</em> in rice cultivars and backcross progeny involving an <em>indica</em> and <em>japonica</em> cross. In the present study, the same linkage block was further examined in 456 random recombinant individuals of rice involving 5 crosses ranging from F₂ to F₁₀ generation, with and without <em>Pi-ta</em> containing genomic <em>indica</em> regions with both <em>indica</em> and <em>japonica</em> germplasm. Simple sequence repeat markers spanning the entire chromosome 12 were used to detect recombination break points and to delimit physical size of linkage blocks. Large linkage blocks ranging from 4.1 megabases to 10 megabases were predicted from recombinant individuals involving genomic regions of <em>indica</em> and <em>japonica</em>. However, a significantly reduced block from less than 800 kb to 2.1megabases was identified from crosses of <em>indica</em> with <em>indica</em> rice regardless of the existence of <em>Pi-ta</em>. These findings suggest that crosses of <em>indica</em> and <em>japonica</em> rice have significant recombination suppression near the centromere on chromosome 12.</p> </div

Schematic presentation of chromosome 12 with physical location (MB) of each SSR marker used for this study.

<p>Locations of SSR markers were obtained from <a href="http://www.gramene.org" target="_blank">www.gramene.org</a>. *Physical location unavailable in gramene thus was determined by blasting the primers to the Nipponbare genome.</p

Physical distances of SSR markers co-segregated with <i>Pi-ta</i> and with both borders of the recombination break points in mapping populations.

1<p>Physical location of each marker was obtained from <a href="http://www.gramene.org" target="_blank">www.gramene.org</a>.</p>2<p>MB denotes megabases.</p

Genetic maps showing the size of linkage block among different crosses.

<p>A: Lemont and Jasmine 85; B: Early and Katy; C. Cocodrie and MCR 01-0277; D. Katy and Amane (172); E: Zhe733 and Katy. Graphic presentation of chromosome 12 with centromere, and difference of genotypes were indicated by different color shading (Left). Genetic distance in CentiMorgan defined by SSR marker and physical size of the linkage block defined by the two closest SSR markers was shown as LB = (Right) were shown.</p

Image_1_Evaluation of peri-plaque pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation in coronary atherosclerosis using a dual-layer spectral detector CT.TIF

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the differences between pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation at different measured locations in evaluating coronary atherosclerosis using spectral computed tomography (CT) and to explore valuable imaging indicators.MethodsA total of 330 patients with suspicious coronary atherosclerosis were enrolled and underwent coronary CT angiography with dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT). Proximal and peri-plaque fat attenuation index (FAI) of stenosis coronary arteries were measured using both conventional images (CIs) and virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) ranging from 40 keV to 100 keV. The slopes of the spectral attenuation curve (λ) of proximal and peri-plaque PCAT at three different monoenergetic intervals were calculated. Additionally, peri-plaque FAI on CI and virtual non-contrast images, and effective atomic number were measured manually.ResultsA total of 231 coronary arteries with plaques and lumen stenosis were finally enrolled. Peri-plaque FAICI and FAIVMI were significantly higher in severe stenosis than in mild and moderate stenosis (p ConclusionPeri-plaque PCAT has more value in assessing coronary atherosclerosis than proximal PCAT. Peri-plaque PCAT attenuation is expected to be used as a standard biomarker for evaluating plaque vulnerability and hemodynamic characteristics.</p

Table_1_Evaluation of peri-plaque pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation in coronary atherosclerosis using a dual-layer spectral detector CT.DOCX

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the differences between pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation at different measured locations in evaluating coronary atherosclerosis using spectral computed tomography (CT) and to explore valuable imaging indicators.MethodsA total of 330 patients with suspicious coronary atherosclerosis were enrolled and underwent coronary CT angiography with dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT). Proximal and peri-plaque fat attenuation index (FAI) of stenosis coronary arteries were measured using both conventional images (CIs) and virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) ranging from 40 keV to 100 keV. The slopes of the spectral attenuation curve (λ) of proximal and peri-plaque PCAT at three different monoenergetic intervals were calculated. Additionally, peri-plaque FAI on CI and virtual non-contrast images, and effective atomic number were measured manually.ResultsA total of 231 coronary arteries with plaques and lumen stenosis were finally enrolled. Peri-plaque FAICI and FAIVMI were significantly higher in severe stenosis than in mild and moderate stenosis (p ConclusionPeri-plaque PCAT has more value in assessing coronary atherosclerosis than proximal PCAT. Peri-plaque PCAT attenuation is expected to be used as a standard biomarker for evaluating plaque vulnerability and hemodynamic characteristics.</p

Shattering B 2012

Shattering B 201

Pericarp S

Pericarp

Pericarp B

Pericarp