Rancang Bangun Mesin Pembuatan Sari Tapioka Pada Pemroses Gula Cair (Sirup Glukosa) Dari Singkong (Manihot Utillissima) Untuk Industri Kecil Menengah

Sugar is one of the main sources of sweeteners and is widely used in the community. As one of the main ingredients in Indonesia, sugar demand in Indonesia has always increased along with the increase of population and industry growth in Indonesia. Meanwhile, sugar production in Indonesia can not meet domestic demand. Technically, the process of making glucose syrup is relatively simple and can be done by small or medium industries. But in fact glucose syrup producers are almost big industries. This is due to the development of a simple and cheap machine for making liquid sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to develop equipment to produce liquid sugar made from raw cassava, which can be used by small industry to develop liquid sugar industry. The process of making liquid sugar from cassava is divided into three namely the process of making tapioca, liquification and saccharification process and the process of tanning & filtering and evaporation. In this paper we will discuss the design of tapioca processing equipment which is part of the liquid cassava production equipment made from raw cassava that can be developed by small industry. With this equioment, the community can design a small industry of liquid sugar processing. This equipment aims to process cassava into cassava slurry. It is developed by using the principle of grinding and solvent. The processing capacity is designed to be 300 kg / hour

Analysis of Mental Model of Students Using Isomorphic Problems in Dynamics of Rotational Motion Topic

The analysis of mental models is a part of the identification of students' thoughts on the concept. Mental models analysis is conducted by conditioning the complex problems such as the isomorphic issues. The research objective is to analyze the development of students' mental models on the topic rotational motion dynamics. The study was designed with the mixed method. The design phase of the research was conducted in both quantitative and qualitative approach. The quantitative phase was performed by providing pre-test, learning, and post-test containing isomorphic problems; while qualitative phase was implemented by interview and quiz. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the study categorizes mental models into three types, i.e. Low Mental Model (LMM), Moderate Mental Model (MMM), and High Mental Model (HMM). Based on the pre-test results, it was proved that all students used Low mental model in resolving the isomorphic problems. Using the Low Mental Model, it was found that students have misconceptions on the moment of force and moment of inertia. Mental models developed gradually from Low mental model to Moderate Mental Model and then reached the High Mental Model Mental. It was observed from the results of pre-test, quizzes, and post-test. The quiz and post-test results showed the students who used Mental Model and High Mental Model

High photocatalytic activity of Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Two series of Fe2O3/TiO2 samples were prepared via impregnation and photodeposition methods. The effect of preparation method on the properties and performance of Fe2O3/TiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under UV light irradiation was examined. The Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared by impregnation showed lower activity than the unmodified TiO2, mainly due to lower specific surface area caused by heat treatment. On the other hand, the Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition showed higher photocatalytic activity than the unmodified TiO2. Three times higher photocatalytic activity was obtained on the best photocatalyst, Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2. The improved activity of TiO2 after photodeposition of Fe2O3 was contributed to the formation of a heterojunction between the Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles that improved charge transfer and suppressed electron-hole recombination. A further investigation on the role of the active species on Fe2O3/TiO2 confirmed that the crucial active species were both holes and superoxide radicals. The Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 sample also showed good stability and reusability, suggesting its potential for water purification applications

Supramolecular phosphorescent trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate complexes for vapochromic chemosensors of ethanol

We highlight that by using supramolecular single crystals of phosphorescent trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate complexes with different molecular structures (2A-E), vapochromic chemosensors were successfully designed for sensing ethanol with high sensing capability. These complexes 2A-E were synthesized from non-side chain, 3,5dimethyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl), 3,5-diphenyl and 4-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-3,5-dimethyl pyrazole ligands (1A-E) in 83, 97, 99, 88 and 85% yields, respectively. All complexes showed emission bands centered at 553, 584, 570 and 616 nm upon an excitation at 280 nm for complexes 2A-C,E, respectively and 642 nm upon an excitation at 321 nm for complex 2D with lifetime in microseconds, indicating a large Stoke shift for phosphorescent compounds. These emission spectra were in good agreement with their colors from green to red upon exposure to a UV lamp with an excitation at 254 nm in dark room. Upon exposure to ethanol in 5 min, quenching, photoinduced energy transfer and shifting of emission intensities were observed for chemosensors 2A-C, 2D and 2E, respectively. Interestingly, chemosensor 2E only showed completely and autonomously recovery of its original emission intensity. Such novel finding in sensing capability might be caused by a weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction of ethanol to oxygen atoms at dimethoxybenzyl side-chains of the pyrazole ring

Pola Penalaran Ilmiah dan Kemampuan Penyelesaian Masalah Sintesis Fisika

Scientific reasoning pattern and problem solving ability has an important role in learning physics which associate multiple concept. The study was conducted to describe the change in the pattern category reasoning, problem solving ability level synthesis of physics, and investigate the relationship between the pattern of scientific reasoning and problem solving abilities synthesis of physics students. This study uses a mixed method embedded experimental design. The research instrument used is the treatment and measurement instruments. Changes in the student category intuitive reasoning patterns influenced by the knowledge and experience of students in daily life. Student's Problem solving ability level of synthesis problem at most are novice level. Novice student solve the problem without recognizing the concept and have a tendency to plug and chug limited to the equation they remembered. The pattern of scientific reasoning and problem solving abilities synthesis of physics has a positive relation.Pola penalaran ilmiah dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah memiliki peranan penting dalam pembelajaran fisika yang mengaitkan lebih dari satu konsep. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan Perubahan kategori pola penalaran, tingkat kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika, dan mengetahui hubungan antara pola penalaran ilmiah dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan embedded mixed method desain experimental model. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah instrumen perlakuan dan pengukuran. Perubahan kategori pola penalaran intuisi siswa dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan pengalaman siswa di lingkungan. Tingkat kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika siswa paling banyak adalah novice. Siswa novice menyelesaikan masalah tanpa mengenali konsep dan memiliki kecenderungan plug dan chug sebatas persamaan yang mereka ingat. Pola penalaran ilmiah dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika memiliki hubungan yang positif

Pengaruh Penambahan HHO Terhadap Kinerja Dan Ionisasi Pembakaran Motor Bensin

This aim of this research was to conduct the effect of HHO which injected into the combustion chamber through the intake manifold of the gasoline four-stroke motorcycle engine. HHO is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen was produced by water electrolysis process.The experiments were carried out by using the HHO generatorin intake manifold to produced HHO gas, which injected into the combustion chamber. The HHO gas injection was varied of 0 ml/s, 0.75 ml/s, 1.5 ml/s, 2.25 ml/s and 3 ml/s based on the engine shaft revolution (rpm). The engine shaft revolutions were also varied at 1700 rpm, 2200 rpm, 2700 rpm, 3200 rpm, 3700 rpm, and 4200 rpm. The engine performance (power output effectively, SFC, and thermal efficiency), the ionization combustion (burning voltage and burning time) and exhaust gas emissions (HC and CO) were investigated. The results show that the additionof the HHO gascould improve the performance of the gasoline four-stroke engine. The effective of power out-put and thermal efficiency increase as increase the HHO injection.The specific fuel consumption (sfc) was also decreases as increases the HHO injection. The ionization combustion much better, which the voltage products of combustion increase and combustion time decrease as increase the HHO injection. The addition of HHO gas was also improved the quality of exhaust gas emission which are reduce the content of CO and HC gases due tothe HHO enhance the combustion process. The hydrogen gas has a high diffusivity which can improve of the fuel mixing, turbulence and homogeneity. The hydrogen gas has the flamehigh faster than gasoline, therefore its decrease the burning time as increase the HHO injection

Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Konsep Impuls, Momentum, dan Teorema Impuls Momentum

Problem solving ability is one of competency that must to be achieved by vocational students. This study aimed to describe the problem solving ability of students to the concept of impulse, momentum, and impulse momentum theorem. The study was conducted to 28 students of class XI Light Vehicle Engineering in one of SMK in Blitar in the academic year 2016/2017. The data description of student's problems solving ability obtained through tests and interviews. Analysis data was performed by analyzing the test results per item answers to questions. The results showed that the students' problem-solving ability is still less than optimal, namely on the indicator determines the strategy, applying strategies and evaluate solutions.Kemampuan pemecahan masalah menjadi salah satu kompetensi yang harus dicapai oleh siswa SMK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada konsep impuls, momentum, dan teorema impuls momentum. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 28 siswa Kelas XI Teknik Kendaraan Ringan di salah satu SMK Negeri di Kabupaten Blitar Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Data kesulitan pemecahan masalah siswa diperoleh melalui tes uraian dan wawancara. Analisis data hasil tes dilakukan dengan menganalisis jawaban per butir soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa yang masih kurang optimal yaitu pada indikator menentukan strategi, mengaplikasikan strategi, dan mengevaluasi solusi

Efektivitas Model Siklus Belajar 5E Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

: This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of 5E Learning Cycle towards science process skill and critical thinking skill compare to the EEC (Exploration, Elaboration, Confirmation) strategy, and examining the relation between science process skill and critical thinking skill. This study was a semi-experimental study with posttest-only control group design. The population of this study was an Eight Graders of Junior High School 1 Batukliang Utara and it used simple random sampling technique. The data obtained were used test and observation sheets. Further, the data were analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test testing inferential parametric and product moment correlation. The result of this study showed: (1) students\u27science process skill is higher in 5E Learning Cycle compare to EEC, (2) students\u27 critical thinking skill is higher in 5E Learning Cycle compare to EEC, (3) students\u27science process skill is positively and significantly correlated with students critical thinking skill in 5E Learning Cycle

Hasil Belajar Aspek Keterampilan IPA Pada Pembelajaran Level of Inquiry Tingkat Inquiry Lesson Di SMP

Learning science in junior high school in general is focused on mastery of concepts and basic science has not yet developed abilities, such as the ability berinkuiri. Therefore, it is necessary to find the appropriate steps to improve the process of learning science. The purpose of the study iniuntuk improve learning outcomes by using the skill aspect of inquiry learning model level. The method used in this research is mixed method. The instrument used is the syllabus, lesson plans, and the observation sheet keterampilan.Teknik data collection using observation. Aspects of data analysis skills using data reduction method, coding and interpretation. Results of research conducted on 36 students showed the ability berinkuiri learners increased by using the model level of inquiry. Results of learners aspect of overall skill increases with the good category. The conclusion from this study that the use of models level of inquiry to improve the ability berinkuiri learners and improve learning outcomes aspects of science skills of learners.Pembelajaran IPA di SMP pada umumnya masih menekankan pada penguasaan konsep dan belum mengembangkan kemampuan dasar sains, seperti kemampuan berinkuiri.Oleh karena itu perlu ditemukan langkah yang tepat untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran IPA. Tujuan dari penelitian iniuntuk meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek keterampilan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran level of inquiry. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu mixed methode. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Silabus, RPP dan lembar observasi keterampilan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi. Analisis data aspek keterampilan dengan menggunakan cara mereduksi data, pengkodean dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada 36 peserta didik menunjukkan kemampuan berinkuiri peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dengan menggunakan model level of inquiry. Hasil belajar peserta didik aspek keterampilan secara keseluruhan meningkat dengan dengan kategori baik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan model Level of Inquiry dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berinkuiri peserta didik dan juga meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek keterampilan IPA peserta didik