50 research outputs found
Development and Application of Analysis Software for Ion Channel Kinetics
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Spectral Analysis of Epicardial 60-lead Electrograms in Dogs during Acute Myocardial Ischemia
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Host jumping onto close relatives and across kingdoms by Tyrannicordyceps (Clavicipitaceae) gen. nov. and Ustilaginoidea_(Clavicipitaceae)
Premise of study: This research seeks to advance understanding of conditions allowing movement of fungal pathogens among hosts. The family Clavicipitaceae contains fungal pathogens exploiting hosts across three kingdoms of life in a pattern that features multiple interkingdom host shifts among plants, animals, and fungi. The tribe Ustilaginoideae potentially represents a third origin of plant pathogenesis, although these species remain understudied. Fungal pathogens that cause ergot are linked morphologically with Clavicipitaceae, but are not yet included in phylogenetic studies. The placement of Ustilaginoideae and ergot pathogens will allow differentiation between the host habitat and host relatedness hypotheses as mechanisms of phylogenetic diversification of Clavicipitaceae.
⢠Methods: A multigene data set was assembled for Clavicipitaceae to test phylogenetic placement and ancestral character-state reconstructions for Ustilaginoidea virens and U. dichromonae as well as the ergot mycoparasite Cordyceps fratricida. Microscopic morphological observations of sexual and asexual states were also performed.
⢠Key results: Phylogenetic placement of U. virens and U. dichromonae represents a third acquisition of the plant pathogenic lifestyle in Clavicipitaceae. Cordyceps fratricida was also placed in Clavicipitaceae and recognized as a new genus Tyrannicordyceps. Ancestral character state reconstructions indicate initially infecting hemipteran insect hosts facilitates subsequent changes to a plant pathogenic lifestyle. The ancestor of T. fratricida is inferred to have jumped from grasses to pathogens of grasses.
⢠Conclusions: The host habitat hypothesis best explains the dynamic evolution of host affiliations seen in Clavicipitaceae and throughout Hypocreales. Co-occurrence in the same habitat has allowed for host shifts from animals to plants, and from plants to fungi.Keywords: Clavicipitaceae,
pathogen,
host association,
Villosiclava,
anamorph-teleomorph connection,
evolution,
adelphoparasit
æ€ç©ç±æ¥ä¹³é žè Lactobacillus sakei çºé µéèãšå©çš
ãVegetables fermented with lactic acid bacteria have particular flavor and tastes contributed by the bacteria. This report deals with the isolation of a plant origin Lactobacillus sakei HS-ïŒ from a well know fermented food called as Kimchi and the application as a starter culture in the productions of fermented vegetables and typical Japanese tsukemono to determine the improvement in taste and probiotic properties of the strain.ãIn addition to the known organoleptic properties of the fi ber and umami flavor found in fermented vegetables tsukemono, theãmetabolic products from the L. sakei starter culture will make possible the production of low 1.5 % salt fermented vegetables. The lactic acid fermentation will result in a low salt product with improved umami flavor making it possible to consume the product like a fresh salad. The viable L. sakei will also act as a probiotic to reduce the unwanted bacteria in the intestinal tract. This report shows some of the results.ïŒïŒïŒ L. sakei HS-ïŒ was used to ferment white chinese cabbage kimchi. The microbial growth was rapid and a pH change was seen.ãOn the ïŒth day of fermentation the level of coliforms was negative. ïŒ ïŒïŒ Three types of fermented vegetables; Asazuke cucumber, diced cabbage and diced chinese cabbage kimchi were made with L.sakei and without.ïŒïŒïŒ The consumption of L. sakei fermented vegetables will improve bowel movement and there was a tendency to lose weight. Stools were tested for viable lactic acid bacteria and found in 88% order. This L. sakei is a homofermentative bacteria so no gas is formed in the intestine
Development and Application of the Original Software for Continous High-Speed Data Acquisition of Ion Channel Current.
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