Evolution of Reciprocal Cooperation in the Avatamsaka Game

The Avatamsaka game is investigated both analytically and using computer simulations. The Avatamsaka game is a dependent game in which each agent’s payoff depends completely not on her own decision but on the other players’. Consequently, any combination of mixed strategies is a Nash equilibrium.Analysis and evolutionary simulations show that the socially optimal state becomes evolutionarily stable by a Pavlovian strategy in the repeated Avatamsaka game, and also in any kind of dependent game. The mechanism of the evolutionary process is investigated from the viewpoint of the agent’s memory and mutation of strategies.Book Series：Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical SystemsThis Book：The Complex Networks of Economic InteractionsEssays in Agent-Based Economics and Econophysic

Co-appearance of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in a Ca2_2RuO4_4 nanofilm crystal

By tuning the physical and chemical pressures of layered perovskite materials we can realize the quantum states of both superconductors and insulators. By reducing the thickness of a layered crystal to a nanometer level, a nanofilm crystal can provide novel quantum states that have not previously been found in bulk crystals. Here we report the realization of high-temperature superconductivity in Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ nanofilm single crystals. Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ thin film with the highest transition temperature $T_c$ (midpoint) of 64~K exhibits zero resistance in electric transport measurements. The superconducting critical current exhibited a logarithmic dependence on temperature and was enhanced by an external magnetic field. Magnetic measurements revealed a ferromagnetic transition at 180~K and diamagnetic magnetization due to superconductivity. Our results suggest the co-appearance of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ nanofilm crystals. We also found that the induced bias current and the tuned film thickness caused a superconductor-insulator transition. The fabrication of micro-nanocrystals made of layered material enables us to discuss rich superconducting phenomena in ruthenates

教育病院であり特定機能病院である川崎医科大学附属病院における入院患者の地理情報処理結果についての考察

医科大学附属病院は,医育機関であると同時に地域医療の一翼を担う役割を果たしている.しかしながら,一般的な地域の中核病院で述べられている「地域」の概念と特定機能病院である大学病院の「地域」の捉え方は,同じ地域医療を語る上でも異なっているのは当然である.施設の医療提供体制や患者の受療行動などを踏まえた「実医療圏」を検討し,また将来の地域医療のあり方を論ずるに当たっては,様々な利害関係者に情報を可視化して提供するコミュニケーションツールの有効活用が求められる.そこで今回我々は,各施設の提供できる資源を定量化する際に,他の医療機関と比較可能な標準化されたデータであると同時に患者の受療行動を推し量るデータであるDiagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC)データを用い,そこに含まれる患者住所(郵便番号)を活用して,地理情報システム処理して地図上に疾病別患者分布を可視化する,つまりDPC データをGIS 処理した結果のもつ意味について検討,考察を行った.川崎医科大学附属病院では,入院患者の9割近くが岡山県内からの患者であったが,同病院の属する県南西部保健医療圏からの患者は約50%であり,患者分布は全県に渡っていた.また年齢区分や,診療科区分により,その分布が異なることも地図上にプロットすることによりわかりやすく明示された. 地域医療連携を進める上で関係者が議論するテーブルには,医療関係者だけでなく行政の担当者や患者(住民)代表なども含まれ,必ずしも全員が地域医療の実態を認識していない場合もある.今回の試みは,関係者間の協議におけるコミュニケーションツールとしても有用であると考えられる.The university hospital in this study forms part of an education agency teaching medicine and affiliated services. Furthermore, it plays an important role providing community medical services. It only natural that institutional understandings of "community" differ between university hospitals providing advanced medical treatment and general community hospitals. In order for stakeholders to discuss the Actual Healthcare Area, a data visualization tool that takes into account patient behavior and health delivery systems and represents this information in an accessible way is required. We investigated the usefulness of Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data on the Geographic Information system (GIS) using visualization tools. Almost 90% of hospitalized patients in the university under study were from Okayama prefecture. However, the residential information mapping we conducted clearly showed that geographic distribution varies depending on age and diagnostic group. We consider this visualization tool to be useful, especially in situations that require consultation between stakeholders

The CD8+ Dendritic Cell Subset Selectively Endocytoses Dying Cells in Culture and In Vivo

Dendritic cells (DCs) are able in tissue culture to phagocytose and present antigens derived from infected, malignant, and allogeneic cells. Here we show directly that DCs in situ take up these types of cells after fluorescent labeling with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and injection into mice. The injected cells include syngeneic splenocytes and tumor cell lines, induced to undergo apoptosis ex vivo by exposure to osmotic shock, and allogeneic B cells killed by NK cells in situ. The CFSE-labeled cells in each case are actively endocytosed by DCs in vivo, but only the CD8+ subset. After uptake, all of the phagocytic CD8+ DCs can form major histocompatibility complex class II–peptide complexes, as detected with a monoclonal antibody specific for these complexes. The CD8+ DCs also selectively present cell-associated antigens to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Similar events take place with cultured DCs; CD8+ DCs again selectively take up and present dying cells. In contrast, both CD8+ and CD8− DCs phagocytose latex particles in culture, and both DC subsets present soluble ovalbumin captured in vivo. Therefore CD8+ DCs are specialized to capture dying cells, and this helps to explain their selective ability to cross present cellular antigens to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Wearable dummy to simulate equinovarus for training of physical therapists

Abstract: It is indispensable for physical therapists in training to experience various symptoms during their period of education; however, such chances are limited in educational institutions. We developed a prototype of a wearable dummyrobot system to simulate equinovarus, which is a typical disorder of the foot caused by stroke, to enhance the training of physical therapists (PTs). This wearable dummy system makes it possible to simulate joint disorders, while allowing the trainees to learn about the complex joint movements of humans, such as those observed in human feet. The dummy system deforms the foot of a healthy wearer using a wire mechanism so that the resultant foot posture and resistance force required for therapeutic operations resemble those of typical equinovarus patients. The resistance forces felt by the trainees can be tuned by changing the endpoint of the wire. From sensory evaluations involving PTs, it was concluded that with potential future improvements, the dummy simulator will become an effective training tool to aid physical therapy students