Measurement and Estimation of the Particle Size Distribution by the Buoyancy Weighing-Bar Method and the Rosin-Rammler Equation

Measuring the size distribution of fine particles (<5 µm) in a few hours is difficult when using the sedimentation method due to a decrease in sedimentation rate. Herein, we discussed the validity of using a combination of the buoyancy weighing–bar method and the Rosin–Rammler equation to estimate the particle size distribution. When the cumulative mass oversize exceeds about 0.15, the Rosin–Rammler equation can be used to estimate the particle size distributions of suspended solids

Reconsideration of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

We describe the surgical method of cases showing a distended gallbladder. Because the most important thing does not cause biliary tract injury, it is to find orientation carefully. The frequency of incidental gallbladder cancer was in 7 (0.7%) of the 983. Only cholecystectomy is necessary to be performed for Tis or T1 cancer, and surgery has to be changed to radical surgery for T2 cancer or deeper invasion. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is already an established standard operation. In the presence of acute or severe chronic inflammation, special attention should be paid to these points