Whipworms of south-east Asian rodents are distinct from Trichuris muris

The whipworm Trichuris muris is known to be associated with various rodent species in the northern hemisphere, but the species identity of whipworm infecting rodents in the Oriental region remains largely unknown. We collected Trichuris of Muridae rodents in mainland and insular Southeast Asia between 2008 and 2015 and used molecular and morphological approaches to identify the systematic position of new specimens. We discovered two new species that were clearly distinct from T. muris, both in terms of molecular phylogenetic clustering and morphological features, with one species found in Thailand and another one in Borneo. We named the new species from Thailand as Trichuris cossoni and the species from Borneo as Trichuris arrizabalagai. Molecular phylogeny using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) showed a divergence between T. arrizabalagai n. sp., T. cossoni n. sp. and T. muris. Our findings of phylogeographically distinct Trichuris species despite some globally distributed host species requires further research into the distribution of different species, previously assumed to belong to T. muris, which has particular relevance for using these species as laboratory model organisms

Clinical outcomes of corrective fusion surgery from the thoracic spine to the pelvis for adult spinal deformity at 1, 2, and 5 years post-operatively

雑誌掲載タイトル：Clinical Outcomes of Corrective Fusion Surgery From the Thoracic Spine to the Pelvis for Adult Spinal Deformity at 1, 2, and 5 years PostoperativelyStudy Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To investigate whether patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were consistent at 2 and 5 years after corrective fusion surgery from the thoracic spine to the pelvis in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) and to analyze whether revision surgery affected long-term outcomes. Summary of Background Data: PROs up to 2 years after corrective surgeries for ASD have been well-studied, but there are few reports of mid- to long-term results. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with ASD who underwent corrective fusion surgery from the thoracic spine to the pelvis between 2010 and 2015. We investigated radiographic parameters and PROs (Scoliosis Research Society 22r [SRS-22r], Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]) pre-operatively and at 1, 2, and 5 years post-operatively, and the correlations between PROs at these time points. We also compared changes in PROs at 5 years in patients who underwent revision surgery and those who did not. Results: A total of 131 patients who underwent corrective fusion surgery from the thoracic spine to the pelvis were analyzed. The PROs at 1 and 5 years after surgery showed significant correlations in all SRS-22r domains [function (r=0.620), pain (r=0.577), self-image (r=0.563), mental health (r=0.589), subtotal (r=0.663), and ODI (r=0.654)]. The PROs at 2 and 5 years after surgery showed significantly strong correlations in all domains [function (r=0.715), pain (r=0.678), self-image (r=0.653), mental health (r=0.675), subtotal (r=0.741), and ODI (r=0.746)]. There were no significant differences in the change in PROs at 5 years in any domain in patients who underwent revision surgery (all P>0.05). Conclusions: One-year post-operative PROs improved significantly. Two-year PROs correlated strongly with 5-year post-operative PROs, indicating that 2-year PROs can predict longer term outcomes. The need for revision surgery did not influence the mid- to long-term clinical outcomes of corrective fusion surgery for ASD