Influence of plant growth regulators on growth, seed yield, quality and economics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv. Sudha

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on growth, seed yield, quality and economics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv. Sudha. The seven treatments included in the experiment are two concentrations each of GA3 (50 and 75 ppm), NAA (10 and 25 ppm), Cycocel (100 and 250 ppm) and control (water spray), as presoaking, foliar spray at 30 and 60 DAS. Among different PGRs applied, spray of 75 ppm GA3 resulted in significant maximum plant height. However, maximum number of primary branches and secondary branches plant-1, number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1, number of seeds umbel-1, seed yield and B:C ratio was maximum with 250 ppm Cycocel. Minimum number of days to 50% flowering and maturity and maximum carbohydrate content and protein content were noticed with 75 ppm GA3. Similarly, lowest moisture content in seeds was also observed with 75 ppm GA3, while, the essential oil content in seeds was maximum with 50 ppm GA3. &nbsp

Gaspé Flint corn as a seed-to-seed model to study the effect of phosphorus on maize growth and development.

Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient for plant growth and development. Thus, P deficiency represents a bottleneck in the production of maize (Zea mays, L.). Therefore, there is a need for a prompt identification of new P-use efficient lineages and hybrids. The Canadian landrace Gaspé Flint (GF) race of maize was used to identify molecular and morphological traits due to its short life cycle and ease of growing in a hydroponic system under controlled conditions. First, GF was grown in a hydroponic system containing different Pi regimes for 15 d, and harvested tissues were assayed for various morphophysiological and molecular traits. Second, GF was grown in hydroponics under P+ (250 µM) and P-(10 µM) conditions until seed maturity. Pi deficiency led to a lack of synchrony between male and female reproductive organs, reducing fertilization, cob development, and productivity. Although typical Pi deficiency-mediated morphophysiological responses, such as increased root biomass relative to the shoot, accumulation of anthocyanins in the roots and leaves, and elevated acid phosphatase activity in the shoot could be observed in any maize variety, the use of GF abbreviated the analysis of these traits from 120 days in commercial varieties to 40 days. Furthermore, Pi transporters ZmPT5 and ZmPT6 were induced in Pi-deprived roots and leaves and suppressed upon Pi replenishment, suggesting a transcriptional regulation. The study validated the efficacy of GF for accelerating studies on agronomic traits and plant response to stress, from seeds to seeds, in the grass family. The Gaspé Flint corn was confirmed as a plant model to study the effect of phosphorus on the growth and development of maize in a hydroponic system

Selection of accessions from minicore to improve disease resistance in groundnut

A mini core subset of world germplasm comprising 188 accessions was evaluated for late leaf spot, rust and seed colonization by A. flavus. Accessions highly resistant to late leaf spot (ICG 2857, ICG 8760, ICG 12625, ICG 13787, ICG 12672, ICG 14475 and ICG 11426), rust (ICG 4746, ICG 6706, ICG 11088 and ICG 11426) and A. flavus (ICG 14985, ICG 6025, ICG 3673, ICG 12625, ICG 13787 and ICG 8760) were identified. Some accessions (ICG 12625, ICG 13787, ICG 11426 and ICG 8760) combined resistance to at least two diseases. The identified accessions along with three popular cultivars (GPBD 4, TAG 24 and JL 24) were subjected to RAPD assay using twenty primers to assess molecular diversity. The genetic similarity (Sij) ranged from 0.64 to 0.92. Accessions ICG 6706, 14475 and 8760 were more diverse with the popular varieties. The information generated in this study will be of great value to plant breeders in their effort to develop varieties resistant to fungal diseases through hybridization

Reliable identification of protein-protein interactions by crosslinking mass spectrometry

Protein-protein interactions govern most cellular pathways and processes, and multiple technologies have emerged to systematically map them. Assessing the error of interaction networks has been a challenge. Crosslinking mass spectrometry is currently widening its scope from structural analyses of purified multi-protein complexes towards systems-wide analyses of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Using a carefully controlled large-scale analysis of Escherichia coli cell lysate, we demonstrate that false-discovery rates (FDR) for PPIs identified by crosslinking mass spectrometry can be reliably estimated. We present an interaction network comprising 590 PPIs at 1% decoy-based PPI-FDR. The structural information included in this network localises the binding site of the hitherto uncharacterised protein YacL to near the DNA exit tunnel on the RNA polymerase.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel – 2021DFG, 390540038, EXC 2008: Unifying Systems in Catalysis "UniSysCat"DFG, 392923329, GRK 2473: Bioaktive Peptide - Innovative Aspekte zur Synthese und BiosyntheseDFG, 426290502, Erfassung der strukturellen Organisation des Mycoplasma pneumoniae Proteoms mittels in-Zell Crosslinking-Massenspektrometri

Differential Interleukin-6 Protein and mRNA Expression levels in Angiotensin II Treated Cultured Rat Astrocytes

Objective: To study the effects of Angiotensin (Ang) II on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression from cultured rat astrocytes at the transcriptional and translational levels. Background: Ang II is a multifunctional octapeptide of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) that acts as a key, proinflammatory molecule and growth factor. Evidence from previous studies showed that Ang II modulates IL-6 protein and mRNA levels in different cell types. In this study, we investigated the time-dependent effects of Ang II on IL-6 protein and mRNA levels in astrocytes isolated from different brain regions of Wistar rats. Methods: Astrocytes were isolated and cultured from the cerebellum (CB) and the brainstem (BS) regions of neonatal Wistar rat brains. Quiescent astrocytes were treated with 100nM Ang II at various time points, and mRNA and protein were isolated from these cells. IL-6 protein and mRNA levels were measured using western blot and real time polymerase chain reaction techniques, respectively. Results: Ang II induced IL-6 protein and mRNA expression from both CB and BS astrocytes at all-time points examined. However, compared to the protein levels, increases in IL-6 mRNA expression levels were more robust in both CB and BS astrocytes. As IL-6 protein is secreted from astrocytes, studies are ongoing to measure the secretion of IL-6 in the culture media using an ELISA assay. Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that, Ang II induces IL-6 protein and mRNA levels from astrocytes isolated from both CB and BS brain regions in a time-dependent manner suggesting that Ang II has proinflammatory actions in astrocytes

Effects of Ang II on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme mRNA Expression in Cultured Rat Astrocytes

Objective: To investigate Angiotensin (Ang) II effect on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) mRNA expression in cultured rat astrocytes isolated from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared to Wistar controls. Background: ACE is a zinc-dependent peptidase responsible for converting Ang I into the biologically active octapeptide Ang II. Pioneering studies on ACE were oriented towards understanding the etiology of hypertension, a disease in which Ang II plays a crucial role. In the current study, SHR were used as a hypertensive rat model, whereas, Wistar was used as the control. Methods: Astrocytes were isolated and cultured from the cerebellum (CB) and the brainstem (BS) of neonatal rat brains from both species. Quiescent astrocytes were treated with 100nM Ang II at different time points. mRNA was isolated and the levels of ACE mRNA were measured using real time polymerase chain reaction technique. Studies are ongoing to measure ACE protein levels. Results: Compared to basal ACE levels, Ang II significantly decreased ACE mRNA levels at most time points examined in CB and BS astrocytes isolated from SHR and Wistar rats. There was no significant difference at most time points between Ang II-induced ACE expression in SHR versus Wistar astrocytes. A comparison of the basal mRNA levels of ACE showed a significantly lower ACE mRNA expression in the SHR cerebellar brain region and no differences in the SHR BS region as compared to the Wistar counterparts. Conclusions:These findings suggest that basal levels of ACE are differentially expressed in astrocytes isolated from SHR as compared to Wistar rats. Moreover, ACE may have a key role in the auto-regulatory production of Ang II from Ang I in SHR and Wistar rat astrocytes

Differential Response of Angiotensin II on Interleukin-6 MRNA Expression in Spontaneous Hypertensive and Normotensive Wistar Rats Astrocytes

Objective. To determine if Angiotensin (Ang) II differentially affects Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels in astrocytes isolated from Spontaneous Hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared to normotensive Wistar rats. Background. Ang II is an effector peptide of the renin angiotensin system that mediates hypertension. It is also a key hormone, growth factor and proinflammatory molecule. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine known to mediate inflammatory responses in the body. Ang II has been shown to induce IL-6 secretion from various cell types. In IL-6 knockout mice, Ang II-mediated hypertension is decreased, suggesting a link between Ang II-mediated hypertension and IL-6 expression. Methods. Astrocytes isolated from SHR were used as a genetic hypertension model to examine the effect of Ang II on central IL-6 mRNA expression. These results were compared to astrocytes isolated from normotensive Wistar rats. Astrocytes cultured from cerebellum (CB) and brainstem (BS) regions of the rat brain were treated with 100 nM Ang II time-dependently, and IL-6 mRNA expression measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results. Ang II induced IL-6 mRNA expression in CB and BS astrocytes of both Wistar and SHR rats. However, Ang II\u27s ability to induce IL-6 mRNA expression was greater in Wistar astrocytes as compared to SHR astrocytes at most time points examined. Conclusion. Our findings suggested that in the SHR, the IL-6 pathway may be dysregulated and may represent a nonclassical pathway by which Ang II may contribute to hypertension in this hypertension model Grants. This study was supported by PFRDG grant # 33588

Synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of polyamide membrane

85-89<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">In this paper, wholly aromatic polyamide has been synthesized from complex amine, 1,3-bis(3amino benzamido) benzene or preformed amine (PFA),aromatic diamino carboxylic acid and aromatic dicarboxylic acid chloride. The synthesized polyamide has functional amino and carboxyl groups. The polymer has been characterized by using IR and 1H NMR. The membrane porosity has been determined by SEM. The evaluation of membrane has been done by using "Reverse Osmosis Test Cell" (Osmonics).The salt rejection(efficiency)and product water output rate (flux)have also been determined for different membranes with LiNO3/LiCI combinations.</span