Physical configuration-based feedforward active noise control using adaptive second-order truncated Volterra filter

This paper presents a physical configuration-based feedforward active noise control scheme with an adaptive second-order truncated Volterra filter for point source cancellation in three-dimensional free-field acoustic environment. The inertial particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as the parameter adjustment mechanism for tuning the coefficients of the adaptive Volterra filter. The first motivation of this paper is to provide a precise description of the relationship between the degree of cancellation and the physical distances between system components. The second motivation is to improve the cancellation performance in the presence of nonlinearities with the adaptive Volterra filter in light of the characteristics of sensing microphone and actuating loudspeaker. The reason for choosing the inertial PSO algorithm is that it can avoid the trap of local optima. The work thus presented makes two main contributions. The first is using the degree of cancellation as a function of the physical distances between system components to provide a quantitative analysis of system performance. The second is the application of the adaptive Volterra filter, which achieves improvements in the cancellation performance of the system under different physical configurations with a reasonable compromise with complexity. For consistency with the numerical analysis, several simulation experiments are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink

Dietary fiber intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The mediating role of obesity

Background and aimsDietary pattern rich in fiber is negatively associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Meanwhile, obesity is a known predisposing factor for NAFLD. Nutrient-focused research can enhance the mechanistic understanding of dietary effects. We thus hypothesized that higher dietary fiber intake was associated with lower risk of NAFLD through the mediating role of obesity.MethodsIn this nationwide cross-sectional study, dietary fiber was surveyed using two 24-h recalls. NAFLD and clinically significant fibrosis (CSF) were determined by vibration-controlled transient elastography. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were applied to investigate the association of dietary fiber with NAFLD, CSF, and liver function parameters. We used counterfactual-based mediation analysis to estimate the direct and indirect effect of dietary fiber on NAFLD.ResultsOf the 3,974 participants, ~36.86% and 7.78% of participants were diagnosed with NAFLD and CSF. Compared with participants among the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of dietary fiber consumption was associated with lower odds of NAFLD (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66–0.98; Poverall = 0.019). Dietary fiber intake appeared to be linked with lower odds of CSF (ORTertile3vs.Tertile1 = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.58–1.14; Poverall = 0.107). Mediation analysis showed that obesity fully mediated the association of dietary fiber with NAFLD. Dietary fiber was associated with improved hepatic parameters.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that increasing dietary fiber intake could confer a greater benefit to protect against NAFLD. Translating these findings regarding dietary fiber into dietary advice might be an attractive strategy for NAFLD prevention

Clear and independent associations of several HLA-DRB1 alleles with differential antibody responses to hepatitis B vaccination in youth

To confirm and refine associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes with variable antibody (Ab) responses to hepatitis B vaccination, we have analyzed 255 HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) youth and 80 HIV-1 seronegatives (HIV−) enrolled into prospective studies. In univariate analyses that focused on HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 alleles and haplotypes, the DRB1*03 allele group and DRB1*0701 were negatively associated with the responder phenotype (serum Ab concentration ≥ 10 mIU/mL) (P = 0.026 and 0.043, respectively). Collectively, DRB1*03 and DRB1*0701 were found in 42 (53.8%) out of 78 non-responders (serum Ab <10 mIU/mL), 65 (40.6%) out of 160 medium responders (serum Ab 10–1,000 mIU/mL), and 27 (27.8%) out of 97 high responders (serum Ab >1,000 mIU/mL) (P < 0.001 for trend). Meanwhile, DRB1*08 was positively associated with the responder phenotype (P = 0.010), mostly due to DRB1*0804 (P = 0.008). These immunogenetic relationships were all independent of non-genetic factors, including HIV-1 infection status and immunodeficiency. Alternative analyses confined to HIV+ youth or Hispanic youth led to similar findings. In contrast, analyses of more than 80 non-coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms within and beyond the three HLA class II genes revealed no clear associations. Overall, several HLA-DRB1 alleles were major predictors of differential Ab responses to hepatitis B vaccination in youth, suggesting that T-helper cell-dependent pathways mediated through HLA class II antigen presentation are critical to effective immune response to recombinant vaccines

Ny mekanism som används i ständiga Rullstols

It is inevitable for any country to have people with disabilities or have trouble with standing up, especially arthritis patients. The most common used devices for disabled people are wheelchairs. What’s more, the life quality of disabled people and patients has caught attention by society. Modernized wheelchair has become a popular engineering challenge for decades. We aimed to design a new mechanical system in wheelchair to help people stand up, this mechanism should be safer, simpler in structure, less power consuming and more economic. A parallelogram structure was designed for wheelchair to fit the natural human standing posture. Springs installed at two nonadjacent vertexes can accumulate energy. A motor with less power and cheaper prices is reasonable, energy-saving and easily provide the power to lift up. After research and calculation, this parallelogram structure reduced almost 45% power compared with pure motor drive one. And the effort of every part can well support human’s body to form a natural and comfortable process. The standing wheelchair we designed may help people with disability to surge self-esteem; reach objects placed high, deliver speech on podium. By the way, it’s boring for a person to sit for long time.Det är oundvikligt för något land att ha personer med funktionshinder eller har problem med att stå upp, speciellt artrit. De vanligaste använda anordningar för funktionshindrade är rullstolar. Dessutom har livskvaliteten för personer med funktionshinder och patienter fångade uppmärksamheten av samhället. Moderniserad rullstolen har blivit en populär teknisk utmaning i årtionden. Vi syftar till att utforma ett nytt mekaniskt system i rullstol för att hjälpa människor att stå upp, denna mekanism ska vara säkrare, enklare struktur, mindre kraftkrävande och mer ekonomisk. Ett parallellogram struktur var avsedd för rullstolen att passa den naturliga mänskliga stående ställning. Springs installerade i två icke angränsande spetsarna kan ackumulera energi. En motor med lägre effekt och billigare priser är rimliga, energisnål och lätt ge kraft att lyfta upp. Efter forskning och beräkning, minskade denna parallellogramkonstruktion nästan 45% effekt jämfört med ren motordrivning ett. Och ansträngningen för varje del kan väl stödja människans kropp för att bilda en naturlig och bekväm process. Den stående rullstolen vi utformade kan hjälpa personer med funktionshinder att svalla självkänsla; nå föremål som placeras högt, leverera tal på podiet. Förresten, det är tråkigt för en person att sitta för länge

Ny mekanism som används i ständiga Rullstols

It is inevitable for any country to have people with disabilities or have trouble with standing up, especially arthritis patients. The most common used devices for disabled people are wheelchairs. What’s more, the life quality of disabled people and patients has caught attention by society. Modernized wheelchair has become a popular engineering challenge for decades. We aimed to design a new mechanical system in wheelchair to help people stand up, this mechanism should be safer, simpler in structure, less power consuming and more economic. A parallelogram structure was designed for wheelchair to fit the natural human standing posture. Springs installed at two nonadjacent vertexes can accumulate energy. A motor with less power and cheaper prices is reasonable, energy-saving and easily provide the power to lift up. After research and calculation, this parallelogram structure reduced almost 45% power compared with pure motor drive one. And the effort of every part can well support human’s body to form a natural and comfortable process. The standing wheelchair we designed may help people with disability to surge self-esteem; reach objects placed high, deliver speech on podium. By the way, it’s boring for a person to sit for long time.Det är oundvikligt för något land att ha personer med funktionshinder eller har problem med att stå upp, speciellt artrit. De vanligaste använda anordningar för funktionshindrade är rullstolar. Dessutom har livskvaliteten för personer med funktionshinder och patienter fångade uppmärksamheten av samhället. Moderniserad rullstolen har blivit en populär teknisk utmaning i årtionden. Vi syftar till att utforma ett nytt mekaniskt system i rullstol för att hjälpa människor att stå upp, denna mekanism ska vara säkrare, enklare struktur, mindre kraftkrävande och mer ekonomisk. Ett parallellogram struktur var avsedd för rullstolen att passa den naturliga mänskliga stående ställning. Springs installerade i två icke angränsande spetsarna kan ackumulera energi. En motor med lägre effekt och billigare priser är rimliga, energisnål och lätt ge kraft att lyfta upp. Efter forskning och beräkning, minskade denna parallellogramkonstruktion nästan 45% effekt jämfört med ren motordrivning ett. Och ansträngningen för varje del kan väl stödja människans kropp för att bilda en naturlig och bekväm process. Den stående rullstolen vi utformade kan hjälpa personer med funktionshinder att svalla självkänsla; nå föremål som placeras högt, leverera tal på podiet. Förresten, det är tråkigt för en person att sitta för länge

A Survey of Deep Learning Road Extraction Algorithms Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

Roads are the fundamental elements of transportation, connecting cities and rural areas, as well as people’s lives and work. They play a significant role in various areas such as map updates, economic development, tourism, and disaster management. The automatic extraction of road features from high-resolution remote sensing images has always been a hot and challenging topic in the field of remote sensing, and deep learning network models are widely used to extract roads from remote sensing images in recent years. In light of this, this paper systematically reviews and summarizes the deep-learning-based techniques for automatic road extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images. It reviews the application of deep learning network models in road extraction tasks and classifies these models into fully supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and weakly supervised learning based on their use of labels. Finally, a summary and outlook of the current development of deep learning techniques in road extraction are provided