Study on Protein Related to Heat Tolerance of \u3cem\u3eMedicago sativa\u3c/em\u3e L. \u27Deqin\u27

High temperature over the growth threshold of plants can cause their metabolic and developmental changes, and consequently bring about their slow growth (Lobell et al., 2008). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a high-quality legume suitable for growing in semi-arid areas. Its poor thermo tolerance restricts its introduction and popularization in southern China and transitional zone. Fall dormancy is an important indicator for planting planning of alfalfa (Barnes et al., 1977. Existing research shows that alfalfa varieties with a higher fall dormancy rate (FDR) have a stronger heat resistance (Lu, 1998). M. sativa L. ‘Deqin’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘Deqin’) is a wild type alfalfa with a low FDR (1.2) which can grow and proliferate normally in dry-hot valley regions in Deqin County, Yunnan, China. It shows a strong heat resistance. This phenomenon is contradictory to the inference that alfalfa varieties with a higher FDR have a stronger heat resistance. We intend to study physiological and biochemical changes and the change of mRNA expression quantity of differential protein and coding differential protein of ‘Deqin’ under high-temperature stress and analyze heat resistant physiology and molecular biological mechanism of ‘Deqin’. This result will enrich the study theory of alfalfa resources in China and provide theoretical basis for the introduction and popularization of alfalfa with the indicator of fall dormancy rate

Effect of Gradually Decreasing Photoperiod on Immune Function in Siberian Hamsters

Animals usually use photoperiod as an important environmental cue to time the year. In terms of the winter immunocompetence enhancement hypothesis, animals in the non-tropical zone would actively enhance their immune function to decrease the negative influence of stressors such as low temperature and food shortage in winter. In the present study, we mimicked the transition from summer to winter by decreasing photoperiod gradually and examined the variations of immune repsonses in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)  to test this hypothesis. Twenty two female adult hamsters were randomly divided into the control (12h light: 12h dark, Control, n=11) and the gradually decreasing photoperiod group (Experiment, n=11). In the experiment group, day length was decreased from 12 h: 12 h light-dark cycle to 8 h: 16 h light-dark cycle at the pace of half an hour per week. We found that gradually decreasing photoperiod had no effect on body composition (wet carcass mass, subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, mesenteric and total body fat mass) and the masses of the organs detected such as brain, heart, liver and so on in hamsters. Similarly, immunological parameters including immune organs (thymus and spleen), white blood cells and serum bacteria killing capacity indicative of innate immunity were also not influenced by gradually decreasing photoperiod, which did not support the winter immunocompetence enhancement hypothesis. However, gradually decreasing photoperiod increased phytohaemagglutinin response post-24h of PHA challenge, which supported this hypothesis. There was no correlation between cellular, innate immunity and body fat mass, suggesting that body fat was not the reasons of the changes of cellular immunity. In summary, distinct components of immune system respond to gradually decreasing photoperiod differently in Siberian hamsters

2,4-Dinitro­benzaldehyde hydrazone

The title compound, C7H6N4O4, plays an important role in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. The planar hydrazone group is oriented at a dihedral angle of 8.27 (3)° with respect to the benzene ring. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules

Copper-Catalyzed Phosphonylation/Trifluoromethylation of N - p -NO2-Benzoylacrylamides Coupled with Dearomatization and Denitration.

A novel and efficient copper- tert- butyl hydroperoxide mediated intramolecular spirocyclization of N - p -NO2-benzoylacrylamides through a cascade radical addition- ipso -cyclization-dearomatization-denitration process has been developed, affording a convenient and powerful tool for the preparation of valuable phosphonated or trifluoromethylated azaspiro[4.5]decadientriones under mild conditions in good yields

Visible light photocatalytic decarboxylative monofluoroalkenylation of α-amino acids with gem-difluoroalkenes

A novel, efficient and general visible-light photocatalytic decarboxylative monofluoroalkenylation of N-protected α-amino acids with gem-difluoroalkenes is reported, affording the corresponding α-amino monofluoroalkenes.</p

Near Real-Time InSAR Deformation Time Series Estimation With Modified Kalman Filter and Sequential Least Squares

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Genome wide exploration of the origin and evolution of amino acids

Background: Even after years of exploration, the terrestrial origin of bio-molecules remains unsolved and controversial. Today, observation of amino acid composition in proteins has become an alternative way for a global understanding of the mystery encoded in whole genomes and seeking clues for the origin of amino acids. Results: In this study, we statistically monitored the frequencies of 20 alpha-amino acids in 549 taxa from three kingdoms of life: archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes. We found that the amino acids evolved independently in these three kingdoms; but, conserved linkages were observed in two groups of amino acids, (A, G, H, L, P, Q, R, and W) and (F, I, K, N, S, and Y). Moreover, the amino acids encoded by GC-poor codons (F, Y, N, K, I, and M) were found to "lose" their usage in the development from single cell eukaryotic organisms like S. cerevisiae to H. sapiens, while the amino acids encoded by GC-rich codons (P, A, G, and W) were found to gain usage. These findings further support the co-evolution hypothesis of amino acids and genetic codes. Conclusion: We proposed a new chronological order of the appearance of amino acids (L, A, V/E/G, S, I, K, T, R/D, P, N, F, Q, Y, M, H, W, C). Two conserved evolutionary paths of amino acids were also suggested: A -> G -> R -> P and K -> Y.National Natural Science Foundation of China [20572061, 20732004]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET) of MO

N-phosphorylation of amino acids by trimetaphosphate in aqueous solution-learning from prebiotic synthesis

Inspired by a reactivity study between sodium trimetaphosphate (P(3)m) and amino acids in prebiotic chemistry, a one-step reaction with efficient purification procedure in aqueous media has been developed for the synthesis of N-phosphono-amino acids (NPAA). P(3)m was used to phosphorylate amino acids to NPAA with yields of 60 similar to 91%. The by-products, inorganic polyphosphates, were recycled to regenerate the phosphorylation reagent P(3)m.Ministry of Science and Technology [2006DFA43030]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [20572061, 20732004

Novel regio- and stereoselective phosphonyl radical addition to glycals promoted by Mn(II)-air: syntheses of 1,2-dideoxy 2-C-diphenylphosphinylglycopyranosides

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21272219, 20972142]; State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, CAS [08417]1,2-Dideoxy-2-C-diphenylphosphinylglycopyranosides were first synthesized by the novel Mn(II)-air promoted reaction of diphenylphosphine oxide with various glycals in high yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectivities, which was clarified as a radical addition reaction controlled by the oxygen of vinyl ether