Negative refraction in all-dielectric metamaterial

This project focuses on the use of all dielectric resonators to achieve metamaterial negative refraction. Most of the previous literatures and methods discussed in them are based on metals, however, such designs can cause strong wear and tear on the performance of devices. In this paper, Mathematica software is used to calculate the effective permeability and permittivity of the cylindrical dielectric resonator. Then, the Comsol simulation software is used to prove that negative permeability and negative permittivity can be realized simultaneously in the periodic arranged array of dielectric resonator structure in a specific frequency range.Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Analysis of residual stress around a Berkovich nano-indentation by micro-Raman spectroscopy

Nano-indentation is a destructive measurement that introduces non-uniform residual stress around each nano-indentation. Herein, the residual stress distribution around a Berkovich nano-indentation on (001)- and (111)-plane silicon was studied by micro-Raman mapping. All of the in-plane stress state components around the indentation were obtained specifically for the (001)- and (111)-plane silicon based on the expanding cavity model and the Raman-mechanical relationship. Calculating the distribution regularity of the residual stress, the effect of different crystal planes and crystal orientations was further analyzed. Finally, the stress near the vertex of the indentation was revised owing to the crack

B(C₆F₅)₃‑Catalyzed C3-Selective C–H Borylation of Indoles: Synthesis, Intermediates, and Reaction Mechanism

Without the addition of any additives and production of any small molecules, C3-borylated indoles and transfer hydrogenated indolines have been simultaneously achieved by a B­(C₆F₅)₃-catalyzed disproportionation reaction of a broad range of indoles with catecholborane. This catalyst system exhibits excellent catalytic performance for practical applications, such as easy scale-up under solvent-free conditions and long catalytic lifetime over ten sequential additions of starting materials. A combined mechanistic study, including isolation and characterization of key reaction intermediates, analysis of the disproportionation nature of the reaction, in situ NMR of the reaction, and analysis of detailed experimental data, has led to a possible reaction mechanism which illustrates pathways for the formation of both major products and byproducts. Understanding the reaction mechanism enables us to successfully suppress side reactions by choosing appropriate substrates and adjusting the amount of catecholborane needed. More importantly, with an elevated reaction temperature, we could achieve the convergent disproportionation reaction of indoles, in which indolines were continuously oxidized to indoles for the next disproportionation catalytic cycle. Near quantitative conversions and up to 98% yields of various C3-selective borylated indoles were achieved, without any additives or H₂ acceptors

Preparation and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against deoxynivalenol

To prepare broad-spectrum and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against deoxynivalenol (DON), DON-BSA was synthesised by the carbonyl diimidazole method as an artificial antigen to immunise Balb/C mice, and the coated DON-OVA was synthesised by the carbodiimide method to detect anti-DON antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were screened by indirect ELISA and indirect competitive ELISA. A hybridoma cell line (4F3) capable of stably secreting DON antibody was obtained. The titre of antibody in the culture supernatant was 1:1.28 × 103, and the titre of the ascites antibody was 1:3.2 × 105. The monoclonal antibody homology was IgG1/λ. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DON was 9.84 ng/mL. The cross-reaction rates with 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON were 60.44% and 52.04%, respectively, but no cross-reaction with other mycotoxins was observed. The results showed that the anti-DON monoclonal antibodies prepared in this experiment could recognise not only DON but also 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON, which could provide materials for the next step to establish a method to detect DON and its similar compounds.Highlights This study demonstrated that an artificial antigen was synthesised by carbonyl diimidazole method, and a novel broad-spectrum, high affinity monoclonal antibody was developed. The anti-DON mAb developed in this study has better sensitivity, moreover the antibody was sensitive to DON and its derivatives. Therefore, it could be used for simultaneous monitoring of three mycotoxins. Results of this study will further lay the foundation for the establishment of immunological assays for the total amount of similar compounds

Additional file 1 of Association of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration and risk of mortality in cancer survivors in the United States

Supplementary Material 1