Tradução para o português do Discurso sobre Cavalos《马说: Uma metáfora sobre reconhecer e auxiliar no desenvolvimento das potencialidades dos indivíduos

Este trabalho visa traduzir o Discurso sobre Cavalos 《马说》de Han Yu (韩愈). Trata-se de um ensaio publicado durante a dinastia Tang que elucida a importância de identificarem os talentos dos indivíduos e de aproveitá-los no desenvolvimento de tais habilidades. 这篇文章将韩愈的马说翻译成了葡语和英语。这篇唐代发布的写作谈了关于如何认识到个人才能，和正确利用人的重要性。This is a translated text of “On Horses”, by Han Yu (韩愈). The text, published during the Tang dynasty, talks about the importance of recognizing individual talents and seizing those talents before they are misused

The Emerging of Hydrovoltaic Materials as a Future Technology: A Case Study for China

Water contains tremendous energy in various forms, but very little of this energy has yet been harvested. Nanostructured materials can generate electricity by water-nanomaterial interaction, a phenomenon referred to as hydrovoltaic effect, which potentially extends the technical capability of water energy harvesting. In this chapter, starting by describing the fundamental principle of hydrovoltaic effect, including water-carbon interactions and fundamental mechanisms of harvesting water energy with nanostructured materials, experimental advances in generating electricity from water flows, waves, natural evaporation, and moisture are then reviewed. We further discuss potential applications of hydrovoltaic technologies, analyze main challenges in improving the energy conversion efficiency and scaling up the output power, and suggest prospects for developments of the emerging technology, especially in China

A reliable and highly efficient exfoliation method for water-dispersible MoS2 nanosheet

Since the pioneering work on exfoliated single-layer graphene, layered inorganic nanosheet materials have been widely explored due to their unusual properties with potential applications in energy devices and optical electronics. Among these layered inorganic nanosheets, two-dimensional thin MoSnanosheets show extraordinary properties such as the presence of a direct bandgap, magnetism, superconductivity and ferroelectricity. Over the past few years, solution-processed exfoliation methods of layered materials have been extensively studied; most of the exfoliation processes employ organic solvents or use surfactants as well as other functionalization agents. Although pure water is considered as an ideal solvent, however, it is generally believed stable dispersions of water could not be achieved due to poor solubility MoSin water. Thus, there are very limited studies for developing of water based MoSdispersions. Here we introduce a facile, green and reliable exfoliation method for producing water-dispersible MoSnanosheet without surfactant. Pure water was used as a solvent and this exfoliation process was achieved by thinning the bulk MoSby mechanical force between sandpapers and dispersing it through probe sonication in water. The exfoliated single or few-layered MoSnanosheets were characterized by TEM and SEM images. The lateral dimensions of the nanosheets were around 500 nm to 5 µm, the same range as obtained in the organic solvents as reported. Zeta potential measurements indicated that electrical charges may be responsible for the stabilization of the dispersions. Overall, it is concluded that with this exfoliation strategy, water can be used as a useful dispersible solvent for MoSnanosheets. Although the stability of the dispersions may not be as high as in organic solvents, the present method could be employed for a number of applications where the dispersions can be produced on site and organic solvents are not desirable

An assessment for health education and health promotion in chronic disease demonstration districts: a comparative study from Hunan Province, China

Background Cost-effective strategies of chronic disease control, integrated health education and health promotion play important roles in the programs of chronic disease demonstration districts in China. The performance of these districts can be directly assessed by their health education and promotion work. However, there have been only a few performance assessments done on these programs, most of which made without the inclusion of proper quality indicators. This study was designed to establish a framework of indicators for outcome evaluation of health education and promotion efforts in Chinese districts, and explore the factors involved in promoting these efforts. Methods A modified two-round Delphi survey was first used to construct quality indicators on a nine-point Likert scale. With those indicators, the rank sum ratio (RSR) method was then conducted through rank conversion and parametric statistics, to assess and classify the performance of ten districts or counties randomly chosen both from demonstration and non-demonstration districts in the Hunan province. Results The Delphi process produced seven themes and 25 sub-themes as quality indicators. The seven themes included organizational management, financial support, professional personnel, health education and promotion, residents’ health awareness and behaviors, residents’ satisfaction, and residents’ health literacy. The districts were classified into four levels by RSR as follows: One demonstration district at the first-ranked level, five other demonstration districts at the second-ranked level, all non-demonstration districts at the third-ranked level. None were at the fourth-qualified level. Discussion Chronic disease demonstration districts performed better on the work of health education and health promotion than the non-demonstration districts. The work should be focused on the following measures of chronic diseases: organizational management, financial support, media-related broadcasting, technical support, community-based promotion and supportive environment, and people’s enhanced awareness and health literacy

The Epidemiological Characteristics of Stroke in Hunan Province, China

Previous studies have shown that Hunan Province has a high incidence of stroke and a high proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Considering the changes over the past three decades, little is known about the current epidemiological characteristics of stroke in Hunan Province. In 2013, a cross-sectional study was conducted at seven national disease surveillance points (DSPs) in Hunan Province. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select a representative sample. A total of 21,156 participants aged 20 years and older were examined. Among the 21,156 participants, the number of prevalent strokes, incident strokes and deaths was 307, 87, and 36, respectively. The 2010 China census-standardized prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1191.0 per 100,000 people [95% confidence interval (CI) 1044.8–1337.2], 333.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 255.7–411.5) and 129.7 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 81.1–178.3), respectively. Ischemic stroke (IS), ICH, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and stroke of undetermined type (UND) constituted 50.6, 41.4, 5.7, and 2.3% of all incident stroke cases, respectively. Tianxin, Liuyang, Wuling, and Hongjiang have high proportions of ICH (61.5, 58.3, 60, and 50%, respectively). Hypertension is the most common risk factor for prevalent stroke (71.34%), followed by smoking (30.62%) and alcohol use (25.73%). In conclusion, Hunan Province has an extremely heavy stroke burden. The high proportion of ICH is not limited to the Changsha community; it represents an important issue for all of Hunan Province

Human Streptococcus suis Outbreak, Sichuan, China

Streptococcus suis outbreak was associated with exposure to sick or dead pigs

Erosion-corrosion and corrosion wear evaluation of materials in potash brine

Potash plants handle very corrosive raw materials and several corrosive intermediates and by-products. Several corrosion problems are encountered during potash production due to the prevalent conditions of high pressures and temperatures, high fluid velocities, abrasion, erosion, and the presence of very corrosive chemicals and by-products. The corrosion wear of materials results in severe corrosion damage and other forms of degradation. Corrosion wear is defined as the degradation of materials in which corrosion and wear mechanisms persist together and often interact. The wear action may remove the corroded surface layers to leave fresh metal surfaces exposed to corrosive environments so that total materials losses are much greater than that of each process taken alone. Erosion-corrosion is a conjoint action involving corrosion and erosion in the presence of a moving corrosive fluid, leading to the accelerated loss of material. In the present study, the corrosion wear and erosion-corrosion resistance of select commercially available metallic alloys, ceramics, polymers, and glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP) in hot potash brine environments were determined using a modified slurry tester and a reciprocating test apparatus, respectively. Experiments were conducted at room temperature and 85°C. The evaluation methods employed included weight loss analysis, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although all the polymer-based materials gained weight by absorbing potash brine during the early stages of the experiment, the overall results show that GFRP (A-series and P-series), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and Ferralium 255 have excellent erosion-corrosion and corrosion wear resistance in potash brine. Note:Missing: Page 9

Comparing the immune response and protective effect of COVID-19 vaccine under different vaccination strategies

ABSTRACTAlthough highly infectious respiratory viral infections spread rapidly, humans have evolved a precise and complex immune mechanism to deal with respiratory viruses, with strong intrinsic, highly adaptive and specific humoral and cellular immunity. At the same time, vaccination against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the most cost-effective and efficient means of preventing morbidity, severe illness, and death from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the global epidemic of COVID-19 continues to evolve and vaccines are being developed, it is important to conduct studies on immunization strategies to optimize vaccination strategies when appropriate. This review was conducted to investigate the relationship between the immune response and the protective effect of different vaccination scenarios (including booster, sequential and hybrid immunity), and to provide a basis for the optimization of vaccination strategies and the development of new vaccines in the future