Histological analysis of thigh muscle and nervous tissues adjacent to implants.

<p>a, b Sections of thigh muscle from implanted control group (a) and microwave treatment group (b) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin after 30-day microwave treatment. Arrow shows swelling myocytes observed occasionally in the treatment group. c, d Transmission electron microscopy of skeletal muscle from the implanted control group (c) and microwave treatment group (d). Asterisk shows abnormal mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae decreasing in the treatment group. e-h The optical photomicrographs (e, f) and transmission electron microscopy photographs (g, h) of nervous tissues adjacent to implants. No abnormal morphological changes are investigated in either control or treatment group. Scale bars: 50µm (a, b, e and f); 5µm (c, d, g and h).</p

The flow with the whole protocol (A) and temperature measurement in the implanted group (B).

<p>The flow with the whole protocol (A) and temperature measurement in the implanted group (B).</p

Relative expression levels of the Bax and Bcl-2 mRNAs and the western blot analysis of Hsp70 (mean±SD).

<p>(A) The expression level of Bcl-2 reduced significantly in the implanted group compared with in the non-implanted control group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Additionally, the expression levels of Bax were remarkably increased in the implanted group compared to the in the non-implanted control group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). (B,C) Hsp70 proteins were more highly expressed in the implanted group than in the non-implanted control group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The data are presented as the means ± the SDs (n = 8). The vertical bars represent the SD.</p

Transmission electron microscopy photographs of thigh muscles.

<p>B and D show that the mitochondrial swelling, partial deletion of mitochondrial crest and vacuolar changes in the implanted group. (B) Additionally, the myofilaments and myocommata are unclear. (A and C) There were no abnormal morphological changes in the non-implanted control group. Scale bars: 2 μm (A, B), 200 nm (C and D).</p

ROS detection of thigh muscles.

<p>ROS (indicated by red fluorescence) was dramatically higher in the muscle tissue of the implanted group (B) than in that of the non-implanted control group (A). (C) The intensity of red fluorescence was assessed by Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA), and the implanted group showed significantly increased ROS levels in muscle tissue (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B).</p

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Inlet-to-outlet area ratio study data

Inlet-to-outlet area ratio study dat

Correlation between median nerve CSAs, IOR and demographic factors in the control group.

<p>Correlation between median nerve CSAs, IOR and demographic factors in the control group.</p

Demographic data of CTS and control groups.

<p>Demographic data of CTS and control groups.</p

Correlation between ultrasound measurements and electrophysiological findings in CTS group.

<p>Correlation between ultrasound measurements and electrophysiological findings in CTS group.</p