100 research outputs found
Improving Adaptive Real-Time Video Communication Via Cross-layer Optimization
Effective Adaptive BitRate (ABR) algorithm or policy is of paramount
importance for Real-Time Video Communication (RTVC) amid this pandemic to
pursue uncompromised quality of experience (QoE). Existing ABR methods mainly
separate the network bandwidth estimation and video encoder control, and
fine-tune video bitrate towards estimated bandwidth, assuming the maximization
of bandwidth utilization yields the optimal QoE. However, the QoE of a RTVC
system is jointly determined by the quality of compressed video, fluency of
video playback, and interaction delay. Solely maximizing the bandwidth
utilization without comprehensively considering compound impacts incurred by
both network and video application layers, does not assure the satisfactory
QoE. And the decoupling of network and video layer further exacerbates the user
experience due to network-codec incoordination. This work therefore proposes
the Palette, a reinforcement learning based ABR scheme that unifies the
processing of network and video application layers to directly maximize the QoE
formulated as the weighted function of video quality, stalling rate and delay.
To this aim, a cross-layer optimization is proposed to derive fine-grained
compression factor of upcoming frame(s) using cross-layer observations like
network conditions, video encoding parameters, and video content complexity. As
a result, Palette manages to resolve the network-codec incoordination and to
best catch up with the network fluctuation. Compared with state-of-the-art
schemes in real-world tests, Palette not only reduces 3.1%-46.3% of the
stalling rate, 20.2%-50.8% of the delay, but also improves 0.2%-7.2% of the
video quality with comparable bandwidth consumption, under a variety of
application scenarios
On the Dynamics of Navier-Stokes and Euler Equations
This is a rather comprehensive study on the dynamics of Navier-Stokes and Euler equations via a combination of analysis and numerics. We focus upon two main aspects: (a). zero viscosity limit of the spectra of linear Navier-Stokes operator, (b). heteroclinics conjecture for Euler equation, its numerical verification, Melnikov integral, and simulation and control of chaos. Besides Navier-Stokes and Euler equations, we also study two models of them
Beam Pattern Optimization Method for Subarray-Based Hybrid Beamforming Systems
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies promise to satisfy the demand for higher data rates in mobile communication networks. A practical challenge that arises is the calibration in amplitude and phase of these massive MIMO systems, as the antenna elements are too densely packed to provide a separate calibration branch for measuring them independently. Over-the-air (OTA) calibration methods are viable solutions to this problem. In contrast to previous works, the here presented OTA calibration method is investigated and optimized for subarray-based hybrid beamforming (SBHB) systems. SBHB systems represent an efficient architectural solution to realize massive MIMO systems. Moreover, based on OTA scattering parameter measurements, the ambiguities of the phase shifters are exploited and two criteria to optimize the beam pattern are formulated. Finally, the optimization criteria are examined in measurements utilizing a novel SBHB receiver system operating at 27.8 GHz
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