A Novel Broadband Printed Dipole Antenna and Its Application for TD-LTE Communications

Novel double-sided printed dipole antennas are proposed and investigated in this paper. Two pairs of identical T-shape metallic loadings are connected to the traditional double-sided printed dipole, enhancing the operating bandwidth. Simulations show that the proposed printed dipole without the reflecting ground plane gives a bandwidth of up to 90.7% for S11<-10 dB or 84.9% for S11<-15 dB, which is significantly greater than those of the traditional printed dipole. The proposed dipole is then applied to design a dual-polarized printed dipole antenna, mounted on a ground plane. Measurements for the prototype show a bandwidth of 68.8% for S11<-10 dB, covering the entire TD-LTE band. The gain is about 6–8 dBi and the isolation is over 24 dB over the bandwidth

A Novel Broadband Printed Dipole Antenna and Its Application for TD-LTE Communications

Novel double-sided printed dipole antennas are proposed and investigated in this paper. Two pairs of identical T-shape metallic loadings are connected to the traditional double-sided printed dipole, enhancing the operating bandwidth. Simulations show that the proposed printed dipole without the reflecting ground plane gives a bandwidth of up to 90.7% for 11 &lt; −10 dB or 84.9% for 11 &lt; −15 dB, which is significantly greater than those of the traditional printed dipole. The proposed dipole is then applied to design a dual-polarized printed dipole antenna, mounted on a ground plane. Measurements for the prototype show a bandwidth of 68.8% for 11 &lt; −10 dB, covering the entire TD-LTE band. The gain is about 6-8 dBi and the isolation is over 24 dB over the bandwidth

Chlorido[4-chloro-2-(pyridin-2-yl­methyl­imino­meth­yl)phenolato-κ3 N,N′,O]copper(II)

In the title complex, [Cu(C13H10ClN2O)Cl], the CuII ion is coordinated by one O atom and two N atoms of the tridentate Schiff base ligand and one chloride ion, forming a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. Weak Cu⋯Cl inter­actions [2.793 (5) Å] result in the formation of a chain along the a axis

Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-κ2 N,N′)bis­(dicyanamido-κN)manganese(II)

In title complex, [Mn(C2N3)2(C10H8N2)2], the MnII ion is coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry by six N atoms. Four of the N atoms are from two chelating bipyridine ligands and two are from a pair of cis-coordinated dicyanamide ligands. The dihedral angle formed by the mean planes of the bipyridine rings is 85.93 (14)°. The central N atom of one of the dicyanamide ligands was refined as disordered over two sites with equal occupancies

Portable Analyzer Based on Microfluidics/Nanoengineered Electrochemical Sensors for In-situ Characterization of Mixed Wastes

Required characterizations of the DOE's transuranic (TRU) and mixed wastes (MW) before disposing and treatment of the wastes are currently costly and have lengthy turnaround. Research toward developing faster and more sensitive characterization and analysis tools to reduce costs and accelerate throughputs is therefore desirable. This project is aimed at the development of electrochemical sensors, specific to toxic transition metals, uranium, and technetium, that can be integrated into the portable sensor systems. This system development will include fabrication and performance evaluation of electrodes as well as understanding of electrochemically active sites on the electrodes specifically designed for toxic metals, uranium and technetium detection. Subsequently, these advanced measurement units will be incorporated into a microfluidic prototype specifically designed and fabricated for field-deployable characterizations of such species

Investigation of heat flux deposition on divertor target on the Large Helical Device with EMC3-EIRENE modelling

The measured divertor heat flux profiles are compared to the EMC3-EIRENE simulations for two different times of an LHD discharge, corresponding to higher and lower edge temperatures. The relation between the three-dimensional magnetic field structure and the heat flux distributions on the divertor has been analysed. The modelled heat flux for the lower plasma temperature case has a better agreement with the experimental result obtained by the Langmuir probes, which shows a qualitative reproduction of the experimental profile shape. However, the heat flux distribution for the high plasma temperature case shows a different behaviour between the simulation results and the experimental measurements. The detailed analysis of the heat flux distribution for the higher temperature case which has a larger discrepancy has been performed, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The radiation of the eroded impurity from divertor target plates has a minor effect on the heat flux distribution. Non-uniform cross-field transport coefficients are used in the simulations and its impact on the heat flux distributions is discussed for the case of the high plasma temperature

Model based dynamic analysis of human sleep electroencephalogram

For sleep classification, automatic electroencephalogram (EEG) interpretation techniques are of interest because they are labour saving, in contrast to manual (visual) methods. More importantly, some automatic methods, which offer a less subjective approach, can provide additional information which it is not possible to obtain by manual analysis.;An extensive literature review has been undertaken to investigate the background of automatic EEG analysis techniques. Frequency domain and time domain methods are considered and their limitations are summarised. The weakness in the R & K rules for visual classification and from which most of the automatic systems borrow heavily are discussed.;A new technique - model based dynamic analysis - was developed in an attempt to classify the sleep EEG automatically. The technique comprises of two phases, these are the modelling of EEG signals and the analysis of the model's coefficients using dynamic systems theory. Three techniques of modelling EEG signals are compared: the implementation of the non-linear prediction technique of Schaffer and Tidd (1990) based on chaos theory; Kalman filters and a recursive version of a radial basis function for modelling and forecasting the EEG signals during sleep. The Kalman filter approach produced good results and this approach was used in an attempt to classify the EEG automatically. For classifying the model's (Kalman filter's) coefficients, a new technique was developed by a state-space approach. A 'state variable' was defined based on the state changes of the EEG and was shown to be correlated with the depth of sleep. Furthermore it is shown that this technique may be useful for automatic sleep staging. Possible applications include automatic staging of sleep, detection of micro-arousals, anaesthesia monitoring and monitoring the alertness of workers in sensitive or potentially dangerous environments

Functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for biosensing applications

This review summarizes recent advances in electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with an emphasis on applications of CNTs. CNTs and CNFs have unique electric, electrocatalytic and mechanical properties, which make them efficient materials for developing electrochemical biosensors.We discuss functionalizing CNTs for biosensors. We review electrochemical biosensors based on CNTs and their various applications (e.g., measurement of small biological molecules and environmental pollutants, detection of DNA, and immunosensing of disease biomarkers). Moreover, we outline the development of electrochemical biosensors based on CNFs and their applications. Finally, we discuss some future applications of CNTs

Portable Analyzer Based on Microfluidics/Nanoengineered Electrochemical Sensors for In-situ Characterization of Mixed Wastes

Required characterizations of the DOE's transuranic (TRU) and mixed wastes (MW) before disposing and treatment of the wastes are currently costly and have lengthy turnaround. Research toward developing faster and more sensitive characterization and analysis tools to reduce costs and accelerate throughputs is therefore desirable. This project is aimed at the development of electrochemical sensors, specific to toxic transition metals, uranium, and technetium, that can be integrated into the portable sensor systems. This system development will include fabrication and performance evaluation of electrodes as well as understanding of electrochemically active sites on the electrodes specifically designed for toxic metals, uranium and technetium detection. Subsequently, these advanced measurement units will be incorporated into a microfluidic prototype specifically designed and fabricated for field-deployable characterizations of such species. The electrochemical sensors being invest igated are based on a new class of nanoengineered sorbents, Self-Assembled Monolayer on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMS). SAMMS are highly efficient sorbents due to their interfacial chemistry that can be fine-tuned to selectively sequester a specific target species. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) will be performed on two classes of electrodes: the SAMMS modified carbon paste electrodes, and the SAMMS thin film immobilized on microelectrode arrays. Interfacial chemistry and electrochemistry of metal species on the surfaces of SAMMS-based electrodes will be studied. This fundamental knowledge is required for predicting how the sensors will perform in the real wastes which consist of many interferences/ligands and a spectrum of pH levels. The best electrode for each specific waste constituent will be integrated onto the portable microfluidic platform. Efforts will also be focused on testing the portable microfluidics/electrochemical sensor systems with the selected MW and T RU waste samples at the Hanford site. The outcome of this project will lead to the development of a portable analytical system for in-situ characterization of MW and TRU wastes. The technology will greatly reduce costs and accelerate throughputs for characterizations of MW and TRU wastes

Spacecraft Multiple-Impulse Trajectory Optimization Using Differential Evolution Algorithm with Combined Mutation Strategies and Boundary-Handling Schemes

Since most spacecraft multiple-impulse trajectory optimization problems are complex multimodal problems with boundary constraint, finding the global optimal solution based on the traditional differential evolution (DE) algorithms becomes so difficult due to the deception of many local optima and the probable existence of a bias towards suboptimal solution. In order to overcome this issue and enhance the global searching ability, an improved DE algorithm with combined mutation strategies and boundary-handling schemes is proposed. In the first stage, multiple mutation strategies are utilized, and each strategy creates a mutant vector. In the second stage, multiple boundary-handling schemes are used to simultaneously address the same infeasible trial vector. Two typical spacecraft multiple-impulse trajectory optimization problems are studied and optimized using the proposed DE method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DE method efficiently overcomes the problem created by the convergence to a local optimum and obtains the global optimum with a higher reliability and convergence rate compared with some other popular evolutionary methods