13 research outputs found
A Comprehensive Human Gastric Cancer Organoid Biobank Captures Tumor Subtype Heterogeneity and Enables Therapeutic Screening
Leung and colleagues established a biobank of patient-derived gastric cancer organoids that encompasses a diverse array of subtypes and maintained long-term similarity to the original tumors. They used the organoids to perform large-scale drug screening that identified potential target drugs and could guide patient drug selection
A Comprehensive Human Gastric Cancer Organoid Biobank Captures Tumor Subtype Heterogeneity and Enables Therapeutic Screening
Gastric cancer displays marked molecular heterogeneity with aggressive behavior and treatment resistance. Therefore, good in vitro models that encompass unique subtypes are urgently needed for precision medicine development. Here, we have established a primary gastric cancer organoid (GCO) biobank that comprises normal, dysplastic, cancer, and lymph node metastases (n = 63) from 34 patients, including detailed whole-exome and transcriptome analysis. The cohort encompasses most known molecular subtypes (including EBV, MSI, intestinal/CIN, and diffuse/GS, with CLDN18-ARHGAP6 or CTNND1-ARHGAP26 fusions or RHOA mutations), capturing regional heterogeneity and subclonal architecture, while their morphology, transcriptome, and genomic profiles remain closely similar to in vivo tumors, even after long-term culture. Large-scale drug screening revealed sensitivity to unexpected drugs that were recently approved or in clinical trials, including Napabucasin, Abemaciclib, and the ATR inhibitor VE-822. Overall, this new GCO biobank, with linked genomic data, provides a useful resource for studying both cancer cell biology and precision cancer therapy
A Comprehensive Human Gastric Cancer Organoid Biobank Captures Tumor Subtype Heterogeneity and Enables Therapeutic Screening
TRPC3 is required for the survival, pluripotency and neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)
Two-particle transverse momentum correlations in pp and p-Pb collisions at LHC energies
Two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators, recently measured in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies, provide an additional tool to gain insights into particle production mechanisms and infer transport properties, such as the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, of the medium created in Pb--Pb collisions. The longitudinal long-range correlations and the large azimuthal anisotropy measured at low transverse momenta in small collision systems, namely pp and p-Pb, at LHC energies resemble manifestations of collective behaviour. This suggests that locally equilibrated matter may be produced in these small collision systems, similar to what is observed in Pb-Pb collisions. In this work, the same two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators are exploited in pp and p-Pb collisions at TeV and TeV, respectively, to seek evidence for viscous effects. Specifically, the strength and shape of the correlators are studied as a function of the produced particle multiplicity to identify evidence for longitudinal broadening that might reveal the presence of viscous effects in these smaller systems. The measured correlators and their evolution from pp and p-Pb to Pb-Pb collisions are additionally compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators, and the potential presence of viscous effects is discussed.Two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators, recently measured in Pb--Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), provide an additional tool to gain insights into particle production mechanisms and infer transport properties, such as the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, of the medium created in Pb-Pb collisions. The longitudinal long-range correlations and the large azimuthal anisotropy measured at low transverse momenta in small collision systems, namely pp and p-Pb, at LHC energies resemble manifestations of collective behaviour. This suggests that locally equilibrated matter may be produced in these small collision systems, similar to what is observed in Pb-Pb collisions. In this work, the same two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators are exploited in pp and p-Pb collisions at TeV and TeV, respectively, to seek evidence for viscous effects. Specifically, the strength and shape of the correlators are studied as a function of the produced particle multiplicity to identify evidence for longitudinal broadening that might reveal the presence of viscous effects in these smaller systems. The measured correlators and their evolution from pp and p--Pb to Pb--Pb collisions are additionally compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators, and the potential presence of viscous effects is discussed.Two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators, recently measured in Pb-Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), provide an additional tool to gain insights into particle production mechanisms and infer transport properties, such as the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, of the medium created in Pb-Pb collisions. The longitudinal long-range correlations and the large azimuthal anisotropy measured at low transverse momenta in small collision systems, namely pp and p-Pb, at LHC energies resemble manifestations of collective behavior. This suggests that locally equilibrated matter may be produced in these small collision systems, similar to what is observed in Pb-Pb collisions. In this work, the same two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators are exploited in pp and p-Pb collisions at s=7TeV and sNN=5.02TeV, respectively, to seek evidence for viscous effects. Specifically, the strength and shape of the correlators are studied as a function of the produced particle multiplicity to identify evidence for longitudinal broadening that might reveal the presence of viscous effects in these smaller systems. The measured correlators and their evolution from pp and p-Pb to Pb-Pb collisions are additionally compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators, and the potential presence of viscous effects is discussed
First measurement of production down to in pp and p-Pb collisions at TeV
The production of prompt baryons has been measured at midrapidity in the transverse momentum interval 0 Λc+ baryons has been measured at midrapidity in the transverse momentum interval 0<pT<1 GeV/c for the first time, in pp and p–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN=5.02TeV. The measurement was performed in the decay channel Λc+→pKS0 by applying new decay reconstruction techniques using a Kalman-Filter vertexing algorithm and adopting a machine-learning approach for the candidate selection. The pT-integrated Λc+ production cross sections in both collision systems were determined and used along with the measured yields in Pb–Pb collisions to compute the pT-integrated nuclear modification factors RpPb and RAA of Λc+ baryons, which are compared to model calculations that consider nuclear modification of the parton distribution functions. The Λc+/D0 baryon-to-meson yield ratio is reported for pp and p–Pb collisions. Comparisons with models that include modified hadronization processes are presented, and the implications of the results on the understanding of charm hadronization in hadronic collisions are discussed. A significant (3.7σ) modification of the mean transverse momentum of Λc+ baryons is seen in p–Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions, while the pT-integrated Λc+/D0 yield ratio was found to be consistent between the two collision systems within the uncertainties.The production of prompt \mathrm {\Lambda_{c}^{+}}0<p_{\rm T}<1c\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02{\rm \Lambda_{c}^{+}\to p K^{0}_{S}}p_{\rm T}\mathrm {\Lambda_{c}^{+}}p_{\rm T}R_{\rm pPb}R_\mathrm{AA}\mathrm{\Lambda_{c}^{+}}\mathrm{\Lambda_{c}^{+}/D^0}3.7\sigma\mathrm {\Lambda_{c}^{+}}p_{\rm T}\mathrm{\Lambda_{c}^{+}/D^0}$ yield ratio was found to be consistent between the two collision systems within the uncertainties
Measurement of the angle between jet axes in pp collisions at = 5.02 TeV
This article reports measurements of the angle between differently defined jet axes in pp collisions at TeV carried out by the ALICE Collaboration. Charged particles at midrapidity are clustered into jets with resolution parameters and 0.4. The jet axis, before and after Soft Drop grooming, is compared to the jet axis from the Winner-Takes-All (WTA) recombination scheme. The angle between these axes, , probes a wide phase space of the jet formation and evolution, ranging from the initial high-momentum-transfer scattering to the hadronization process. The observable is presented for GeV/, and compared to predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and Herwig 7 event generators. The distributions can also be calculated analytically with a leading hadronization correction related to the non-perturbative component of the CollinsSoperSterman (CSS) evolution kernel. Comparisons to analytical predictions at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy with leading hadronization correction implemented from experimental extractions of the CSS kernel in DrellYan measurements are presented. The analytical predictions describe the measured data within 20% in the perturbative regime, with surprising agreement in the non-perturbative regime as well. These results are compatible with the universality of the CSS kernel in the context of jet substructure.This article reports measurements of the angle between differently defined jet axes in pp collisions at = 5.02 TeV carried out by the ALICE Collaboration. Charged particles at midrapidity are clustered into jets with resolution parameters R = 0.2 and 0.4. The jet axis, before and after Soft Drop grooming, is compared to the jet axis from the Winner-Takes-All (WTA) recombination scheme. The angle between these axes, ∆R, probes a wide phase space of the jet formation and evolution, ranging from the initial high-momentum-transfer scattering to the hadronization process. The ∆R observable is presented for 20 << 100 GeV/c, and compared to predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and Herwig 7 event generators. The distributions can also be calculated analytically with a leading hadronization correction related to the non-perturbative component of the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) evolution kernel. Comparisons to analytical predictions at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy with leading hadronization correction implemented from experimental extractions of the CSS kernel in Drell-Yan measurements are presented. The analytical predictions describe the measured data within 20% in the perturbative regime, with surprising agreement in the non-perturbative regime as well. These results are compatible with the universality of the CSS kernel in the context of jet substructure.[graphic not available: see fulltext]This article reports measurements of the angle between differently defined jet axes in pp collisions at TeV carried out by the ALICE Collaboration. Charged particles at midrapidity are clustered into jets with resolution parameters and 0.4. The jet axis, before and after Soft Drop grooming, is compared to the jet axis from the Winner-Takes-All (WTA) recombination scheme. The angle between these axes, , probes a wide phase space of the jet formation and evolution, ranging from the initial high-momentum-transfer scattering to the hadronization process. The observable is presented for GeV/, and compared to predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and Herwig 7 event generators. The distributions can also be calculated analytically with a leading hadronization correction related to the non-perturbative component of the CollinsSoperSterman (CSS) evolution kernel. Comparisons to analytical predictions at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy with leading hadronization correction implemented from experimental extractions of the CSS kernel in DrellYan measurements are presented. The analytical predictions describe the measured data within 20% in the perturbative regime, with surprising agreement in the non-perturbative regime as well. These results are compatible with the universality of the CSS kernel in the context of jet substructure
Investigation of <math><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math> interactions via femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at <math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></math> TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Femtoscopic correlations of nonidentical charged kaons (K+K−) are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN=2.76 TeV by ALICE at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. One-dimensional K+K− correlation functions are analyzed in three centrality classes and eight intervals of particle-pair transverse momentum. The Lednický and Luboshitz interaction model used in the K+K− analysis includes the final-state Coulomb interactions between kaons and the final-state interaction through a0(980) and f0(980) resonances. The mass of f0(980) and coupling were extracted from the fit to K+K− correlation functions using the femtoscopic technique. The measured mass and width of the f0(980) resonance are consistent with other published measurements. The height of the ϕ(1020) meson peak present in the K+K− correlation function rapidly decreases with increasing source radius, qualitatively in agreement with an inverse volume dependence. A phenomenological fit to this trend suggests that the ϕ(1020) meson yield is dominated by particles produced directly from the hadronization of the system. The small fraction subsequently produced by final-state interactions could not be precisely quantified with data presented in this paper and will be assessed in future work.Femtoscopic correlations of non-identical charged kaons () are studied in PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleonnucleon collision TeV by ALICE at the LHC. One-dimensional correlation functions are analyzed in three centrality classes and eight intervals of particle-pair transverse momentum. The Lednický and Luboshitz interaction model used in the analysis includes the final-state Coulomb interactions between kaons and the final-state interaction through (980) and (980) resonances. The mass of (980) and coupling were extracted from the fit to correlation functions using the femtoscopic technique. The measured mass and width of the (980) resonance are consistent with other published measurements. The height of the (1020) meson peak present in the correlation function rapidly decreases with increasing source radius, qualitatively in agreement with an inverse volume dependence. A phenomenological fit to this trend suggests that the (1020) meson yield is dominated by particles produced directly from the hadronization of the system. The small fraction subsequently produced by final-state interactions could not be precisely quantified with data presented in this paper and will be assessed in future work
Production of , (), and in jets and in the underlying event in pp and pPb collisions
The production of strange hadrons (, , , and ), baryon-to-meson ratios (, , and ), and baryon-to-baryon ratios (, , and ) associated with jets and the underlying event were measured as a function of transverse momentum () in pp collisions at ~TeV and pPb collisions at ~TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The inclusive production of the same particle species and the corresponding ratios are also reported. The production of multi-strange hadrons, and , and their associated particle ratios in jets and in the underlying event are measured for the first time. In both pp and \pPb collisions, the baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon yield ratios measured in jets differ from the inclusive particle production for low and intermediate hadron (0.66~GeV/). Ratios measured in the underlying event are in turn similar to those measured for inclusive particle production. In pp collisions, the particle production in jets is compared with PYTHIA 8 predictions with three colour-reconnection implementation modes. None of them fully reproduces the data in the measured hadron transverse momentum region. The maximum deviation is observed for and which reaches a factor of about six. The event multiplicity dependence is further investigated in pPb collisions. In contrast to what is observed in the underlying event, there is no significant event-multiplicity dependence for particle production in jets. The presented measurements provide novel constraints on hadronisation and its Monte Carlo description. In particular, they demonstrate that the fragmentation of jets alone is insufficient to describe the strange and multi-strange particle production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.The production of strange hadrons (, Λ, Ξ, and Ω), baryon-to-meson ratios (Λ/, Ξ/, and Ω/), and baryon-to-baryon ratios (Ξ/Λ, Ω/Λ, and Ω/Ξ) associated with jets and the underlying event were measured as a function of transverse momentum (p) in pp collisions at = 13 TeV and p Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The inclusive production of the same particle species and the corresponding ratios are also reported. The production of multi-strange hadrons, Ξ and Ω, and their associated particle ratios in jets and in the underlying event are measured for the first time. In both pp and p–Pb collisions, the baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon yield ratios measured in jets differ from the inclusive particle production for low and intermediate hadron p (0.6–6 GeV/c). Ratios measured in the underlying event are in turn similar to those measured for inclusive particle production. In pp collisions, the particle production in jets is compared with Pythia 8 predictions with three colour-reconnection implementation modes. None of them fully reproduces the data in the measured hadron p region. The maximum deviation is observed for Ξ and Ω which reaches a factor of about six. The event multiplicity dependence is further investigated in p−Pb collisions. In contrast to what is observed in the underlying event, there is no significant event-multiplicity dependence for particle production in jets. The presented measurements provide novel constraints on hadronisation and its Monte Carlo description. In particular, they demonstrate that the fragmentation of jets alone is insufficient to describe the strange and multi-strange particle production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.[graphic not available: see fulltext]The production of strange hadrons (K, , , and ), baryon-to-meson ratios (, , and ), and baryon-to-baryon ratios (, , and ) associated with jets and the underlying event were measured as a function of transverse momentum () in pp collisions at TeV and p-Pb collisions at TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The inclusive production of the same particle species and the corresponding ratios are also reported. The production of multi-strange hadrons, and , and their associated particle ratios in jets and in the underlying event are measured for the first time. In both pp and p-Pb collisions, the baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon yield ratios measured in jets differ from the inclusive particle production for low and intermediate hadron (0.66 GeV/). Ratios measured in the underlying event are in turn similar to those measured for inclusive particle production. In pp collisions, the particle production in jets is compared with PYTHIA 8 predictions with three colour-reconnection implementation modes. None of them fully reproduces the data in the measured hadron region. The maximum deviation is observed for and , which reaches a factor of about six. In p-Pb collisions, there is no significant event-multiplicity dependence for particle production in jets, in contrast to what is observed in the underlying event. The presented measurements provide novel constraints on hadronisation and its Monte Carlo description. In particular, they demonstrate that the fragmentation of jets alone is insufficient to describe the strange and multi-strange particle production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies
J/ production at midrapidity in pPb collisions at TeV
The production of inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ was studied for the first time at midrapidity ( \GeVc. The study of the J/ mesons in the dielectron channel used for the first time in ALICE online single-electron triggers from the Transition Radiation Detector, providing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . The protonproton reference cross section for inclusive J/ was obtained based on interpolations of measured data at different centre-of-mass energies and a universal function describing the -differential J/ production cross sections. The -differential nuclear modification factors of inclusive, prompt, and non-prompt J/ are consistent with unity and described by theoretical models implementing only nuclear shadowing.The production of inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ψ was studied for the first time at midrapidity (−1.37 2 GeV/c. The study of the J/ψ mesons in the dielectron channel used for the first time in ALICE online single-electron triggers from the Transition Radiation Detector, providing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 689 ± 13 μb. The proton-proton reference cross section for inclusive J/ψ was obtained based on interpolations of measured data at different centre-of-mass energies and a universal function describing the p-differential J/ψ production cross sections. The p-differential nuclear modification factors R of inclusive, prompt, and non-prompt J/ψ are consistent with unity and described by theoretical models implementing only nuclear shadowing.[graphic not available: see fulltext]The production of inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ was studied for the first time at midrapidity ( GeV/. The study of the J/ mesons in the dielectron channel used for the first time in ALICE online single-electron triggers from the Transition Radiation Detector, providing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . The protonproton reference cross section for inclusive J/ was obtained based on interpolations of measured data at different centre-of-mass energies and a universal function describing the -differential J/ production cross sections. The -differential nuclear modification factors of inclusive, prompt, and non-prompt J/ are consistent with unity and described by theoretical models implementing only nuclear shadowing