Corpus of public writing and its interest for the history of spanish: votive paintings of the province of Guadalajara

El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer un especial corpus de escrituras expuestas populares ubicadas en los centros de devoción de la provincia de Guadalajara; en concreto un corpus de exvotos pintados datados entre los siglos XVII al XX. Los cuadros representan el suceso que dio origen al milagro o favor recibido con su cartela; pero en nuestro corpus solo se recogen aquellos exvotos que van acompañados de texto explicativo, en el que se da testimonio del favor recibido con datos precisos, como nombre, causa, fecha, lugar, etc. En el corpus que presentamos se incluye la reproducción del exvoto, la transcripción paleográfica del documento y su presentación crítica. El estudio detenido de estos tres elementos permitirá extraer interesantes conclusiones para la historia del español en aspectos relacionados con las grafías, la ortografía, la puntuación, las estructuras sintácticas y fórmulas empleadas, el léxico, etc.; se recogen en este artículo algunas muestras de ello.El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer un especial corpus de escrituras expuestas populares ubicadas en los centros de devoción de la provincia de Guadalajara; en concreto un corpus de exvotos pintados datados entre los siglos XVII al XX. Los cuadros representan el suceso que dio origen al milagro o favor recibido con su cartela; pero en nuestro corpus solo se recogen aquellos exvotos que van acompañados de texto explicativo, en el que se da testimonio del favor recibido con datos precisos, como nombre, causa, fecha, lugar, etc. En el corpus que presentamos se incluye la reproducción del exvoto, la transcripción paleográfica del documento y su presentación crítica. El estudio detenido de estos tres elementos permitirá extraer interesantes conclusiones para la historia del español en aspectos relacionados con las grafías, la ortografía, la puntuación, las estructuras sintácticas y fórmulas empleadas, el léxico, etc.; se recogen en este artículo algunas muestras de ello.El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer un especial corpus de escrituras expuestas populares ubicadas en los centros de devoción de la provincia de Guadalajara; en concreto un corpus de exvotos pintados datados entre los siglos XVII al XX. Los cuadros representan el suceso que dio origen al milagro o favor recibido con su cartela; pero en nuestro corpus solo se recogen aquellos exvotos que van acompañados de texto explicativo, en el que se da testimonio del favor recibido con datos precisos, como nombre, causa, fecha, lugar, etc. En el corpus que presentamos se incluye la reproducción del exvoto, la transcripción paleográfica del documento y su presentación crítica. El estudio detenido de estos tres elementos permitirá extraer interesantes conclusiones para la historia del español en aspectos relacionados con las grafías, la ortografía, la puntuación, las estructuras sintácticas y fórmulas empleadas, el léxico, etc.; se recogen en este artículo algunas muestras de ello.The objective of this work is to present a special corpus of popular public writing in the centres of devotion of the province of Guadalajara; in particular a corpus of painted votive offering dating from the 17th to the 20th centuries. The pictures represent the event that gave rise to the miracle or favour received with his card; but in our corpus are only included those votive offerings that are accompanied by explanatory text, which testifies to the favour received with precise information, as name, cause, date, place, etc.The Corpus includes the reproduction of the votive offering, the paleographic transcription of the document and its critical presentation. The careful study of these three elements will allow us to extract interesting conclusions for the history of Spanish in aspects related to spelling, punctuation, syntactic structures and formulas used, lexicon, etc.; some samples that are collected in this article

Differential selection on gene translation efficiency between the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii and yeasts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The filamentous fungus <it>Ashbya gossypii </it>grows into a multicellular mycelium that is distinct from the unicellular morphology of its closely related yeast species. It has been proposed that genes important for cell cycle regulation play central roles for such phenotypic differences. Because <it>A. gossypii </it>shares an almost identical set of cell cycle genes with the typical yeast <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</it>, the differences might occur at the level of orthologous gene regulation. Codon usage patterns were compared to identify orthologous genes with different gene regulation between <it>A. gossypii </it>and nine closely related yeast species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we identified 3,151 orthologous genes between <it>A. gossypii </it>and nine yeast species. Two groups of genes with significant differences in codon usage (gene translation efficiency) were identified between <it>A. gossypii </it>and yeasts. 333 genes (Group I) and 552 genes (Group II) have significantly higher translation efficiency in <it>A. gossypii </it>and yeasts, respectively. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis show that Group I genes are significantly enriched with cell cycle functions whereas Group II genes are biased toward metabolic functions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Because translation efficiency of a gene is closely related to its functional importance, the observed functional distributions of orthologous genes with different translation efficiency might account for phenotypic differentiation between <it>A. gossypii </it>and yeast species. The results shed light on the mechanisms for pseudohyphal growth in pathogenic yeast species.</p

Measuring Urban Spatial Activity Structures: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract: Human activity recognition has been of interest in the field of urban planning. This paper established a general framework by which expected human activity intensity (HAI) measured by the built environment and factual HAI measured by the Baidu thermal chart were estimated and comparatively analyzed so as to identify abnormal human activities in Hanghzou, China. Three elements of the built environment (i.e., residential density, road connectivity, and land-use mixing degree) from multi-source data with high precision are selected to assess the expected HAI. Results indicate Hangzhou has evolved into a polycentric city with three urban clusters. In addition, a significant positive correlation exists between the two types of HAIs. However, there are areas with spatial mismatches, particularly in the “urban village” and new towns, suggesting human activities are not equally distributed all over the city. Research implications, limitations, and future research needs are discussed

A three-stage optimal operation strategy of interconnected microgrids with rule-based deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm

The ever-increasing requirements of demand response dynamics, competition among different stakeholders, and information privacy protection intensify the challenge of the optimal operation of microgrids. To tackle the above problems, this article proposes a three-stage optimization strategy with a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based distributed privacy optimization. In the upper layer of the model, the rule-based deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is proposed to optimize the load migration problem with demand response, which enhances dynamic characteristics with the interaction between electricity prices and consumer behavior. Due to the competition among different stakeholders and the information privacy requirement in the middle layer of the model, a potential game-based distributed privacy optimization algorithm is improved to seek Nash equilibriums (NEs) with encoded exchange information by a distributed privacy-preserving optimization algorithm, which can ensure the convergence as well as protect privacy information of each stakeholder. In the lower layer of the model of each stakeholder, economic cost and emission rate are both taken as operation objectives, and a gradient descent-based multiobjective optimization method is employed to approach this objective. The simulation results confirm that the proposed three-stage optimization strategy can be a viable and efficient way for the optimal operation of microgrids.In part by the National Natural Science Fund, the Basic Research Project of Leading Technology of Jiangsu Province, the National Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province and the National Natural Science Key Fund.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5962385hj2023Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin

Resilient optimal defensive strategy of TSK fuzzy-model-based microgrids' system via a novel reinforcement learning approach

With consideration of false data injection (FDI) on the demand side, it brings a great challenge for the optimal defensive strategy with the security issue, voltage stability, power flow, and economic cost indexes. This article proposes a Takagi-Sugeuo-Kang (TSK) fuzzy system-based reinforcement learning approach for the resilient optimal defensive strategy of interconnected microgrids. Due to FDI uncertainty of the system load, TSK-based deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is proposed to learn the actor network and the critic network, where multiple indexes' assessment occurs in the critic network, and the security switching control strategy is made in the actor network. Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method is improved for policy gradient with online coordination between the actor network and the critic network learning, and its convergence and optimality are proved properly. On the basis of security switching control strategy, the penalty-based boundary intersection (PBI)-based multiobjective optimization method is utilized to solve economic cost and emission issues simultaneously with considering voltage stability and rate-of-change of frequency (RoCoF) limits. According to simulation results, it reveals that the proposed resilient optimal defensive strategy can be a viable and promising alternative for tackling uncertain attack problems on interconnected microgrids.In part by the National Natural Science Fund, the Basic Research Project of Leading Technology of Jiangsu Province, the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Natural Science Key Fund.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5962385hj2023Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead