Coupling Efficiency Measurements for Long-pulsed Solid Sodium Laser Based on Measured Sodium Profile Data

In 2013, a serial sky test has been held on 1.8 meter telescope in Yunnan observation site after 2011-2012 Laser guide star photon return test. In this test, the long-pulsed sodium laser and the launch telescope have been upgraded, a smaller and brighter beacon has been observed. During the test, a sodium column density lidar and atmospheric coherence length measurement equipment were working at the same time. The coupling efficiency test result with the sky test layout, data processing, sodium beacon spot size analysis, sodium profile data will be presented in this paper

A genetic study and meta-analysis of the genetic predisposition of prostate cancer in a Chinese population.

Prostate cancer predisposition has been extensively investigated in European populations, but there have been few studies of other ethnic groups. To investigate prostate cancer susceptibility in the under-investigated Chinese population, we performed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis on a cohort of Chinese cases and controls and then meta-analysis with data from the existing Chinese prostate cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS). Genotyping 211,155 SNPs in 495 cases and 640 controls of Chinese ancestry identified several new suggestive Chinese prostate cancer predisposition loci. However, none of them reached genome-wide significance level either by meta-analysis or replication study. The meta-analysis with the Chinese GWAS data revealed that four 8q24 loci are the main contributors to Chinese prostate cancer risk and the risk alleles from three of them exist at much higher frequencies in Chinese than European populations. We also found that several predisposition loci reported in Western populations have different effect on Chinese men. Therefore, this first extensive single-nucleotide polymorphism study of Chinese prostate cancer in comparison with European population indicates that four loci on 8q24 contribute to a great risk of prostate cancer in a considerable large proportion of Chinese men. Based on those four loci, the top 10% of the population have six- or two-fold prostate cancer risk compared with men of the bottom 10% or median risk respectively, which may facilitate the design of prostate cancer genetic risk screening and prevention in Chinese men. These findings also provide additional insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer.This work was conducted on behalf of the CHIPGECS and The PRACTICAL consortia (see Supplementary Consortia). We acknowledge the contribution of doctors, nurses and postgraduate research students at the CHIPGENCS sample collecting centers. We thank Orchid and Rosetrees for funding support. This work was also supported by National Natural Science foundation of China for funding support to H Zhang (Grant No: 30671793 and 81072377), N Feng (Grant No: 81272831), X Zhang (Grant No: 30572139, 30872924 and 81072095), S Zhao (Grant No: 81072092 and 81328017), Y Yu (Grant No: 81172448) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from Department of Education of China (NCET-08-0223) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program 2012AA021101) to X Zhang.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Impact Journals via http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.725

Engineering hierarchical NiFe-layered double hydroxides derived phosphosulfide for high-efficiency hydrogen evolving electrocatalysis

Exploring robust, highly efficient, and cost-effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts for replacing Pt in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great significance. In this study, we skillfully synthesized binary transition-metal (i.e., nickel and iron) phosphosulfides on nickel foam (NiFeSP/NF) via a sulfuration/phosphorization treatment of bimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDH). Taking the advantage of the presence of active heterointerfaces among Ni2P, Ni3S2, and FeS2, the NiFeSP/NF catalyst, which was advantageous of the highly exposed active sites, exhibited an extraordinary catalytic activity in HER-an overpotential of 70 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and a Tafel slope of 69 mV dec(-1), outperforming most of the existing counterparts. Moreover, NiFeSP/NF catalysts demonstrated favorable long-term catalytic stability for 10 h. We contributed this superior catalytic activity to the characteristic attributes of NiFeSP/NF, which could be stemmed from its exquisite catalyst design: (i) the co-occurrence of highly HER-favored crystalline Ni2P, Ni3S2, and FeS2 in bimetallic phosphosulfides and (ii) the existence of multi-functional phase interfaces among Ni2P, Ni3S2, and FeS2 in the NiFeSP/NF hierarchical structure. The present study exemplified an effective strategy for designing HER-favored bimetallic phosphosulfides and provided the scientific base for the insight into the catalytic nature of multi metallic phosphosulfides. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Green electrochemical redox mediation for valuable metal extraction and recycling from industrial waste

The global consumption of critical metals has significantly grown in recent decades. However, their natural sources are depleting; valuable metal recycling and recovery from industrial material flows is needed to guarantee reliable and sustainable access to metal production, which is in line with the concept of green manufacturing and process innovation to develop green chemical processes. Compared with conventional hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes, the electrochemical strategy has been extensively investigated and applied to the extraction of metals from industrial wastes, owing to its advantages of high efficiency and selectivity, easy operation, low energy consumption, and environment friendliness. This review provides an overview of the present status and outlook on electrochemical technologies, based on the electrochemical redox mediation mechanism, used to extract valuable metals from industrial wastes, including metallurgical slag, electronic scrap, spent batteries, spent catalysts, fly ash, alloy scrap, and nuclear waste, from the perspective of technical, mechanistic, and environmental impact. Special focus is given to electrochemical redox mediation technologies including electrochemical oxidation and reduction, slurry electrolysis, membrane electrolysis, molten salt electrolysis, electrokinetic separation, and external field-intensified electrochemical extraction. Furthermore, challenges and future strategies for electrochemical extraction of valuable metals from the perspective of a coupled green process and highly efficient regeneration/extraction, to technological improvement and environmental impact evaluation were proposed

Engineering hierarchical NiFe-layered double hydroxides derived phosphosulfide for high-efficiency hydrogen evolving electrocatalysis

Exploring robust, highly efficient, and cost-effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts for replacing Pt in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great significance. In this study, we skillfully synthesized binary transition-metal (i.e., nickel and iron) phosphosulfides on nickel foam (NiFeSP/NF) via a sulfuration/phosphorization treatment of bimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDH). Taking the advantage of the presence of active heterointerfaces among Ni2P, Ni3S2, and FeS2, the NiFeSP/NF catalyst, which was advantageous of the highly exposed active sites, exhibited an extraordinary catalytic activity in HER-an overpotential of 70 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and a Tafel slope of 69 mV dec(-1), outperforming most of the existing counterparts. Moreover, NiFeSP/NF catalysts demonstrated favorable long-term catalytic stability for 10 h. We contributed this superior catalytic activity to the characteristic attributes of NiFeSP/NF, which could be stemmed from its exquisite catalyst design: (i) the co-occurrence of highly HER-favored crystalline Ni2P, Ni3S2, and FeS2 in bimetallic phosphosulfides and (ii) the existence of multi-functional phase interfaces among Ni2P, Ni3S2, and FeS2 in the NiFeSP/NF hierarchical structure. The present study exemplified an effective strategy for designing HER-favored bimetallic phosphosulfides and provided the scientific base for the insight into the catalytic nature of multi metallic phosphosulfides. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Tuning of Surface Wettability and Interfacial Electron Transfer in Cupric Oxide Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production and Electro-Fenton Catalysis

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a versatile and environmentally friendly oxidant, has drawn increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Aiming at boosting the in situ electrocatalytic H2O2 production and activation toward water purification, we developed a two-dimensional (2D) CuO nanosheet-modified activated carbon fiber (CuO NSs/ACF) bifunctional free-standing hybrid composite electrode. The introduction of 2D CuO NSs well modulated the electronic structure and surface wettability of hybrid electrodes, promoting the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for H2O2 generation and the following CuO-catalyzed Fenton efficiency. Taking bisphenol A (BPA) as the target pollutant, the BPA degradation and TOC removal could reach 99.45 and 74.04%, respectively, after 30 min electrolysis. We identified the reactive oxygen species (•OH and •O2–) produced in the CuO NSs/ACF system and further discussed the tuning mechanisms. This work provided a promising 2D material modification strategy for boosting in situ electrochemical H2O2 production and electro-Fenton activity and facilitating its application for water purification

Enhanced anodic dissolution of cupronickel alloy scraps by electro-generated reactive oxygen species in acid media

Recycling of the cupronickel alloy scraps not only solves environmental related issues but also realizes the extraction of valuable metals and saves consumption of primary ore resources. Oxidative dissolution is a critical step for the recycling of valuable metal from the alloy scraps. In order to improve the dissolution kinetics and efficiency, a novel integrated electrochemical dissolution strategy for the sustainable recycling of the cupronickel alloy scraps was first developed, where the in-situ electro-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) were employed as the indirect oxidative mediator. Much higher dissolved concentration of Ni, Zn, and Cu was reached by the present integrated strategy than that of the direct anodic dissolution process, which is attributed to the in-situ produced oxidative H2O2 and center dot OH via oxygen reduction reaction and electro-Fenton-like reaction, respectively. Moreover, the large quantity of ROS can be electro-generated, thus achieving high dissolved concentration, under the optimum condition with the preset potential of 0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) or current density of 2.54 mA/cm(2), respectively. This novel synergistic strategy may serve as a promising and cost-effective technique for the alloy scraps recycle and valuable metal extraction. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Microstructural Refinement towards the Electrochemical Co-Deposition Recovery of Copper and Selenium

Simultaneous recovery of selenium and copper from waste sulfuric acid electrolyte is of great importance for industrial treatment of electrorefining effluents. In this study we developed a cost-effective electrochemical co-deposition method for recovering selenium and copper with microstructural refinement. In order to enhance the recovery ratio and to control the deposit quality, the synergistic effect of mass transfer intensification and thiourea addition towards electrochemical co-deposition was investigated systematically. We identified that the intensified mass transfer property has a beneficial effect from the kinetic considerations of electro-deposition while oscillation issues appear with the increase of the square root of the Reynolds number (Re-1/2). Furthermore, adding thiourea has an integrated effect between grain refining and kinetics frustration, which can prevent the formation of dendritic products and confine the metal ions under a highly turbulent flow. As a result, the most uniform and compact deposited products were obtained in the presence of appropriate stirring and additives with a satisfied recovery ratio

Metal-organic frameworks derived cobalt encapsulated in porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructure towards highly efficient and durable oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis

In this study, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived cobalt encapsulated in porous nitrogen-doped carbon (Co/N-C) nanocomposite electrocatalyst is developed towards the highly efficient and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via pyrolysis of core -shell MOFs precursor. Electrochemical characterization results indicate that the as-prepared Co/N-C nanocomposite shows superior ORR selectivity through a four-electron pathway and extraordinary long-term stability. The uniform nitrogen dopants on the surface of the polyhedron are determined and deconvoluted by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We contribute this superior catalytic activity to the characteristic attributes of Co/N-C nanocomposite, which could be stemmed from its exquisite catalyst design: (i) the existence of Co/N-doped carbon nanotubes nanostructure on the catalyst surface and (ii) the proper nitrogen content on the N-doped carbon (N-C) layer. Moreover, Co/N-C nanocomposite presents favorable long-term catalytic stability for 60 h, owning to the protective effect of the porous N-C layer. The present work demonstrates that the MOFs-derived nanomaterial can be transformed into high-value functional transition metaVN-doped carbon nanocomposite electrocatalysts. From both the stability and activity prospects, our work opens a new avenue to strategically design highly active and stable-oriented electrocatalysts