A new mechanism for electron spin echo envelope modulation

Electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) has been observed for the first time from a coupled hetero-spin pair of electron and nucleus in liquid solution. Previously, modulation effects in spin echo experiments have only been described in liquid solutions for a coupled pair of homonuclear spins in NMR or a pair of resonant electron spins in EPR. We observe low-frequency ESEEM (26 and 52 kHz) due to a new mechanism present for any electron spin with S>1/2 that is hyperfine coupled to a nuclear spin. In our case these are electron spin (S=3/2) and nuclear spin (I=1) in the endohedral fullerene N@C60. The modulation is shown to arise from second order effects in the isotropic hyperfine coupling of an electron and 14N nucleus.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Ferromagnetic resonance study of thin film antidot arrays: Experiment and micromagnetic simulations

The dynamic magnetic properties of two-dimensional periodic Co antidot arrays were studied by X-band ferromagnetic resonance. The experimental results on geometrically scaled antidot arrays reveal a strong attenuation of the uniform ferromagnetic resonance mode in comparison to a continuous film, but an excitation of nonuniform in-plane spin-wave modes. Micromagnetic finite-element simulations show that the static magnetic structure in an antidot array depends on the direction of the external field with respect to the symmetry axes of the antidot lattice, even if the external field is strong enough to enforce a technically saturated magnetization state. The analysis gives evidence that characteristic inhomogeneities in the magnetization distribution around the antidots give rise to the changes of the resonance modes with the in-plane direction of the magnetization

Development of carbon nanotubes and polymer composites therefrom

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were produced using the arc-discharge graphite evaporation technique. Composite films were developed using MWNT dispersed in polystirol polymer. In the present work, various properties of the polymeric thin film containing carbon nanotubes were investigated by optical absorption, electrical resistivity and the same have been discussed

Anisotropy of Chemical Bonding in Semifluorinated Graphite C₂F Revealed with Angle-Resolved X‑ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite characterized by a low misorientation of crystallites is fluorinated using a gaseous mixture of BrF₃ with Br₂ at room temperature. The golden-colored product, easily delaminating into micrometer-size transparent flakes, is an intercalation compound where Br₂ molecules are hosted between fluorinated graphene layers of approximate C₂F composition. To unravel the chemical bonding in semifluorinated graphite, we apply angle-resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and quantum-chemical modeling. The strong angular dependence of the CK and FK edge NEXAFS spectra on the incident radiation indicates that room-temperature-produced graphite fluoride is a highly anisotropic material, where half of the carbon atoms are covalently bonded with fluorine, while the rest of the carbon atoms preserve π electrons. Comparison of the experimental CK edge spectrum with theoretical spectra plotted for C₂F models reveals that fluorine atoms are more likely to form chains. This conclusion agrees with the atomic force microscopy observation of a chain-like pattern on the surface of graphite fluoride layers