407 research outputs found
User-Centered Intelligent Interface of Vending Machines Modeling
Convenience and speed of service makes vending machines popular world-wide.However, the development and use of vending machines in China have not kept pace with global markets. In this paper, in order to determine the key design factors, interface elements and parameters which affect the convenience of user-machine interaction, the author analyzes the interaction problems in current vending machine design and finds out that unreasonable design results from machine-centered logic design. Then, with user-centered design principles, a new user-centered intelligent interaction model of vending machines is developed.The result of the test shows that the user-centered interface system can effectively reduce the operational time and decrease the mistake type and mistake rate. The process followed in the present study can also serve as a general framework for the analysis and development of UCD interfaces for other self-service systems
Boosting Adversarial Transferability by Achieving Flat Local Maxima
Transfer-based attack adopts the adversarial examples generated on the
surrogate model to attack various models, making it applicable in the physical
world and attracting increasing interest. Recently, various adversarial attacks
have emerged to boost adversarial transferability from different perspectives.
In this work, inspired by the fact that flat local minima are correlated with
good generalization, we assume and empirically validate that adversarial
examples at a flat local region tend to have good transferability by
introducing a penalized gradient norm to the original loss function. Since
directly optimizing the gradient regularization norm is computationally
expensive and intractable for generating adversarial examples, we propose an
approximation optimization method to simplify the gradient update of the
objective function. Specifically, we randomly sample an example and adopt the
first-order gradient to approximate the second-order Hessian matrix, which
makes computing more efficient by interpolating two Jacobian matrices.
Meanwhile, in order to obtain a more stable gradient direction, we randomly
sample multiple examples and average the gradients of these examples to reduce
the variance due to random sampling during the iterative process. Extensive
experimental results on the ImageNet-compatible dataset show that the proposed
method can generate adversarial examples at flat local regions, and
significantly improve the adversarial transferability on either normally
trained models or adversarially trained models than the state-of-the-art
attacks.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, 6 table
Delay-Doppler Reversal for OTFS System in Doubly-selective Fading Channels
The recent proposed orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation shows
signifcant advantages than conventional orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) for high mobility wireless communications. However, a
challenging problem is the development of effcient receivers for practical OTFS
systems with low complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel delay-Doppler
reversal (DDR) technology for OTFS system with desired performance and low
complexity. We present the DDR technology from a perspective of two-dimensional
cascaded channel model, analyze its computational complexity and also analyze
its performance gain compared to the direct processing (DP) receiver without
DDR. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed DDR receiver outperforms
traditional receivers in doubly-selective fading channels
Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Examples with Arbitrary Style Transfer
Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples crafted by
applying human-imperceptible perturbations on clean inputs. Although many
attack methods can achieve high success rates in the white-box setting, they
also exhibit weak transferability in the black-box setting. Recently, various
methods have been proposed to improve adversarial transferability, in which the
input transformation is one of the most effective methods. In this work, we
notice that existing input transformation-based works mainly adopt the
transformed data in the same domain for augmentation. Inspired by domain
generalization, we aim to further improve the transferability using the data
augmented from different domains. Specifically, a style transfer network can
alter the distribution of low-level visual features in an image while
preserving semantic content for humans. Hence, we propose a novel attack method
named Style Transfer Method (STM) that utilizes a proposed arbitrary style
transfer network to transform the images into different domains. To avoid
inconsistent semantic information of stylized images for the classification
network, we fine-tune the style transfer network and mix up the generated
images added by random noise with the original images to maintain semantic
consistency and boost input diversity. Extensive experimental results on the
ImageNet-compatible dataset show that our proposed method can significantly
improve the adversarial transferability on either normally trained models or
adversarially trained models than state-of-the-art input transformation-based
attacks. Code is available at: https://github.com/Zhijin-Ge/STM.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted by the 31st ACM International
Conference on Multimedia (MM '23
The relationship between childhood trauma and Internet gaming disorder among college students: A structural equation model
open access journalBackground
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and the associated interaction effects of childhood trauma, depression and anxiety in college students.
Methods
Participants were enrolled full-time as freshmen at a University in the Hunan province, China. All participants reported their socio-demographic characteristics and undertook a standardized assessment on childhood trauma, anxiety, depression and IGD. The effect of childhood trauma on university students' internet gaming behaviour mediated by anxiety and depression was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) using R 3.6.1.
Results
In total, 922 freshmen participated in the study, with an approximately even male-to-female ratio. A mediation model with anxiety and depression as the mediators between childhood trauma and internet gaming behaviour allowing anxiety and depression to be correlated was tested using SEM. The SEM analysis revealed that a standardised total effect of childhood trauma on Internet gaming was 0.18, (Z = 5.60, 95% CI [0.02, 0.05], P < 0.001), with the direct effects of childhood trauma on Internet gaming being 0.11 (Z = 3.41, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], P = 0.001), and the indirect effects being 0.02 (Z = 2.32, 95% CI [0.00, 0.01], P = 0.020) in the pathway of childhood trauma-depression-internet gaming; and 0.05 (Z = 3.67, 95% CI [0.00, 0.02], P < 0.001) in the pathway of childhood trauma-anxiety-Internet gaming. In addition, the two mediators anxiety and depression were significantly correlated (r = 0.50, Z = 13.54, 95% CI [3.50, 5.05], P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The study revealed that childhood trauma had a significant impact on adolescents' Internet gaming behaviours among college students. Anxiety and depression both significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and internet gaming and augmented its negative influence. Discussion of the need to understand the subtypes of childhood traumatic experience in relationship to addictive behaviours is included
Pan-genome analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 highlights genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a Gram-positive bacterium. It is a common and significant pathogen in pigs and a common cause of zoonotic meningitis in humans. It can lead to sepsis, endocarditis, arthritis, and pneumonia. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it has a high mortality rate. The pan-genome of SS2 is open, and with an increasing number of genes, the core genome and accessory genome may exhibit more pronounced differences. Due to the diversity of SS2, the genes related to its virulence and resistance are still unclear. In this study, a strain of SS2 was isolated from a pig farm in Sichuan Province, China, and subjected to whole-genome sequencing and characterization. Subsequently, we conducted a Pan-Genome-Wide Association Study (Pan-GWAS) on 230 strains of SS2. Our analysis indicates that the core genome is composed of 1,458 genes related to the basic life processes of the bacterium. The accessory genome, consisting of 4,337 genes, is highly variable and a major contributor to the genetic diversity of SS2. Furthermore, we identified important virulence and resistance genes in SS2 through pan-GWAS. The virulence genes of SS2 are mainly associated with bacterial adhesion. In addition, resistance genes in the core genome may confer natural resistance of SS2 to fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide antibiotics. This study lays the foundation for further research on the virulence and resistance of SS2, providing potential new drug and vaccine targets against SS2
Pharmacokinetic Comparative Study of Gastrodin and Rhynchophylline after Oral Administration of Different Prescriptions of Yizhi
Pharmacokinetic characters of rhynchophylline (RIN), gastrodin (GAS), and gastrodigenin (p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, HBA) were investigated after oral administration of different prescriptions of Yizhi: Yizhi tablets or effective parts of tianma (total saponins from Gastrodiae, EPT) and gouteng (rhynchophylla alkaloids, EPG). At different predetermined time points after administration, the concentrations of GAS, HBA, and RIN in rat plasma were determined by an HPLC-ESI/MS method, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and
Cmax and AUC0–∞ (P<0.05) were dramatically different after oral administration of different prescriptions of Yizhi. The data indicated that the pharmacokinetic processes of GAS, HBA, and RIN in rats would interact with each other or be affected by other components in Yizhi. The rationality of the compatibility of Uncaria and Gastrodia elata as a classic “herb pair” has been verified from the pharmacokinetic viewpoint
Pan-genome wide association study of Glaesserella parasuis highlights genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation
Glaesserella parasuis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes fibrotic polyserositis and arthritis in pig, significantly affecting the pig industry. The pan-genome of G. parasuis is open. As the number of genes increases, the core and accessory genomes may show more pronounced differences. The genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation are also still unclear due to the diversity of G. parasuis. Therefore, we have applied a pan-genome-wide association study (Pan-GWAS) to 121 strains G. parasuis. Our analysis revealed that the core genome consists of 1,133 genes associated with the cytoskeleton, virulence, and basic biological processes. The accessory genome is highly variable and is a major cause of genetic diversity in G. parasuis. Furthermore, two biologically important traits (virulence, biofilm formation) of G. parasuis were studied via pan-GWAS to search for genes associated with the traits. A total of 142 genes were associated with strong virulence traits. By affecting metabolic pathways and capturing the host nutrients, these genes are involved in signal pathways and virulence factors, which are beneficial for bacterial survival and biofilm formation. This research lays the foundation for further studies on virulence and biofilm formation and provides potential new drug and vaccine targets against G. parasuis
CYGNSS Ocean Altimetry: A Status Report
Comunicación expuesta online en el CYGNSS Science Team Summer Meeting celebrado del 27 al 29 de julio de 202
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