95 research outputs found
Exploring Book-Tax Differences, Analyst Coverage, and Forecast Optimism: An Empirical Study
This research explores the relationship between book-tax differences (BTD) and the coverage of financial analysts, as well as how these two factors relate to optimistic forecasts. By evaluating how BTD affects analyst coverage, this research expands on earlier studies and finds a negative link. Additionally, it demonstrates that greater BTD indicates a higher probability of earnings manipulation, leading analysts to have a more pessimistic view of their predictions for such organizations. This research contributes to a better understanding of financial markets by shedding light on analyst behavior, financial reporting, and the complex dynamics underlying BTD in determining analyst estimates
The PARAFAC-MUSIC Algorithm for DOA Estimation with Doppler Frequency in a MIMO Radar System
The PARAFAC-MUSIC algorithm is proposed to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the targets with Doppler frequency in a monostatic MIMO radar system in this paper. To estimate the Doppler frequency, the PARAFAC (parallel factor) algorithm is firstly utilized in the proposed algorithm, and after the compensation of Doppler frequency, MUSIC (multiple signal classification) algorithm is applied to estimate the DOA. By these two steps, the DOA of moving targets can be estimated successfully. Simulation results show that the proposed PARAFAC-MUSIC algorithm has a higher accuracy than the PARAFAC algorithm and the MUSIC algorithm in DOA estimation
Unified Attentional Generative Adversarial Network for Brain Tumor Segmentation From Multimodal Unpaired Images
In medical applications, the same anatomical structures may be observed in
multiple modalities despite the different image characteristics. Currently,
most deep models for multimodal segmentation rely on paired registered images.
However, multimodal paired registered images are difficult to obtain in many
cases. Therefore, developing a model that can segment the target objects from
different modalities with unpaired images is significant for many clinical
applications. In this work, we propose a novel two-stream translation and
segmentation unified attentional generative adversarial network (UAGAN), which
can perform any-to-any image modality translation and segment the target
objects simultaneously in the case where two or more modalities are available.
The translation stream is used to capture modality-invariant features of the
target anatomical structures. In addition, to focus on segmentation-related
features, we add attentional blocks to extract valuable features from the
translation stream. Experiments on three-modality brain tumor segmentation
indicate that UAGAN outperforms the existing methods in most cases.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by MICCAI201
A Comprehensive Survey on Distributed Training of Graph Neural Networks
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to be a powerful
algorithmic model in broad application fields for their effectiveness in
learning over graphs. To scale GNN training up for large-scale and ever-growing
graphs, the most promising solution is distributed training which distributes
the workload of training across multiple computing nodes. At present, the
volume of related research on distributed GNN training is exceptionally vast,
accompanied by an extraordinarily rapid pace of publication. Moreover, the
approaches reported in these studies exhibit significant divergence. This
situation poses a considerable challenge for newcomers, hindering their ability
to grasp a comprehensive understanding of the workflows, computational
patterns, communication strategies, and optimization techniques employed in
distributed GNN training. As a result, there is a pressing need for a survey to
provide correct recognition, analysis, and comparisons in this field. In this
paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of distributed GNN training by
investigating various optimization techniques used in distributed GNN training.
First, distributed GNN training is classified into several categories according
to their workflows. In addition, their computational patterns and communication
patterns, as well as the optimization techniques proposed by recent work are
introduced. Second, the software frameworks and hardware platforms of
distributed GNN training are also introduced for a deeper understanding. Third,
distributed GNN training is compared with distributed training of deep neural
networks, emphasizing the uniqueness of distributed GNN training. Finally,
interesting issues and opportunities in this field are discussed.Comment: To Appear in Proceedings of the IEE
Roles of long noncoding RNAs and small extracellular vesicle-long noncoding RNAs in type 2 diabetes
Wenguang Chang, Man Wang, Yuan Zhang and Fei Yu collected all of the data, and Wenguang Chang, Bin Hu, Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall and Peifeng Li wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81700704).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The crosstalk between the gut microbiota and tumor immunity: Implications for cancer progression and treatment outcomes
The gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by trillions of commensal microorganisms that constitute the gut microbiota. As a main metabolic organ, the gut microbiota has co-evolved in a symbiotic relationship with its host, contributing to physiological homeostasis. Recent advances have provided mechanistic insights into the dual role of the gut microbiota in cancer pathogenesis. Particularly, compelling evidence indicates that the gut microbiota exerts regulatory effects on the host immune system to fight against cancer development. Some microbiota-derived metabolites have been suggested as potential activators of antitumor immunity. On the contrary, the disequilibrium of intestinal microbial communities, a condition termed dysbiosis, can induce cancer development. The altered gut microbiota reprograms the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME), thus allowing cancer cells to avoid immunosurvelliance. Furthermore, the gut microbiota has been associated with the effects and complications of cancer therapy given its prominent immunoregulatory properties. Therapeutic measures that aim to manipulate the interplay between the gut microbiota and tumor immunity may bring new breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Herein, we provide a comprehensive update on the evidence for the implication of the gut microbiota in immune-oncology and discuss the fundamental mechanisms underlying the influence of intestinal microbial communities on systemic cancer therapy, in order to provide important clues toward improving treatment outcomes in cancer patients
Steering angle sensorless control for four-wheel steering vehicle via sliding mode control method
This paper presents a new sensorless control method for four-wheel steering vehicles. Compared to the existing sensor-based control, this approach improved dynamic stability, manoeuvrability, and robustness in case of malfunction of the front steering angle sensor. It also provided a software redundancy and backup solution, as well as improved fault tolerance. The strategy of the sensorless control is based on the sliding mode method to estimate the replacement of the front steering input from the errors between the vehicleās measured and desired values of the vehicleās sideslip angle and yaw rate. The simulation results demonstrate that the observer effectively estimated the front-wheel steering angle at both low and high speeds scenarios in the cornering and lane change manoeuvres. Furthermore, the sensorless control approach can achieve equivalent control performances to the sensor-based controller including a small and stable yaw rate response and zero sideslip angle. The results of the study offer a potential solution for improving manoeuvrability, stability, and sensor fault tolerance of four-wheel steering vehicles
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