Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in esophagus and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival in patients with esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence suggests a causal relationship between specific bacterial infections and the development of certain malignancies. However, the possible role of the keystone periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the presence of P. gingivalis in esophageal mucosa, and the relationship between P. gingivalis infection and the diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC. METHODS: The presence of P. gingivalis in the esophageal tissues from ESCC patients and normal controls was examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies targeting whole bacteria and its unique secreted protease, the gingipain Kgp. qRT-PCR was used as a confirmatory approach to detect P. gingivalis 16S rDNA. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected to analyze the relationship between P. gingivalis infection and development of ESCC. RESULTS: P. gingivalis was detected immunohistochemically in 61 % of cancerous tissues, 12 % of adjacent tissues and was undetected in normal esophageal mucosa. A similar distribution of lysine-specific gingipain, a catalytic endoprotease uniquely secreted by P. gingivalis, and P. gingivalis 16S rDNA was also observed. Moreover, statistic correlations showed P. gingivalis infection was positively associated with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics, including differentiation status, metastasis, and overall survival rate. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate for the first time that P. gingivalis infects the epithelium of the esophagus of ESCC patients, establish an association between infection with P. gingivalis and the progression of ESCC, and suggest P. gingivalis infection could be a biomarker for this disease. More importantly, these data, if confirmed, indicate that eradication of a common oral pathogen could potentially contribute to a reduction in the overall ESCC burden. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13027-016-0049-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in esophagus and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival in patients with esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence suggests a causal relationship between specific bacterial infections and the development of certain malignancies. However, the possible role of the keystone periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the presence of P. gingivalis in esophageal mucosa, and the relationship between P. gingivalis infection and the diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC. METHODS: The presence of P. gingivalis in the esophageal tissues from ESCC patients and normal controls was examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies targeting whole bacteria and its unique secreted protease, the gingipain Kgp. qRT-PCR was used as a confirmatory approach to detect P. gingivalis 16S rDNA. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected to analyze the relationship between P. gingivalis infection and development of ESCC. RESULTS: P. gingivalis was detected immunohistochemically in 61 % of cancerous tissues, 12 % of adjacent tissues and was undetected in normal esophageal mucosa. A similar distribution of lysine-specific gingipain, a catalytic endoprotease uniquely secreted by P. gingivalis, and P. gingivalis 16S rDNA was also observed. Moreover, statistic correlations showed P. gingivalis infection was positively associated with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics, including differentiation status, metastasis, and overall survival rate. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate for the first time that P. gingivalis infects the epithelium of the esophagus of ESCC patients, establish an association between infection with P. gingivalis and the progression of ESCC, and suggest P. gingivalis infection could be a biomarker for this disease. More importantly, these data, if confirmed, indicate that eradication of a common oral pathogen could potentially contribute to a reduction in the overall ESCC burden. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13027-016-0049-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Designing the Interface Layer of Solid Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Abstract Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) is one of the most attractive solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) for application in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) due to its advantages of high ionic conductivity, air stability and low cost. However, the poor interfacial contact and slow Li‐ion migration have greatly limited its practical application. Herein, a composite ion‐conducting layer is designed at the Li/LATP interface, which a MoS2 film is constructed on LATP via chemical vapor deposition, followed by the introduction of a solid polymer (SP) liquid precursor to form a MoS2@SP protective layer. This protective layer not only achieves a lower Li‐ion migration energy barrier, but also adsorbs more Li‐ion, which is able to promote interfacial ion transport and improve interfacial contacts. Thanks to the improved migration and adsorption of Li‐ion, the Li symmetric cell containing LATP‐MoS2@SP exhibits a stable cycle of more than 1200 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. More remarkably, the capacity retention of the full cell assembled with LiFePO4 cathode is as high as 86.2% after 400 cycles at 1 C. This work provides a design strategy for significantly improving unstable interfaces of SSEs and realizing high‐performance ASSLBs

Room-temperature ferroelectricity in MoTe2 down to the atomic monolayer limit

It is difficult to maintain ferroelectricity in the two dimensional limit. Here, the authors report robust room-temperature ferroelectricity in the thinnest monolayer MoTe2 due to relative atomic displacements of Mo and Te atoms

A Giant Tunable Piezoelectric Performance in Two‐dimensional In2Se3 via Interface Engineering

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) layered piezoelectric materials have attracted enormous interest, which leads to wide applications in stretchable electronic, energy and biomedicine. The piezoelectric properties of 2D materials are mainly modulated by strain, thickness, defect engineering and stacked structure. However, the tunability of piezoelectric properties is typically limited by the small variation within one order of magnitude. It is challenging to obtain high tunable piezoelectric properties of 2D materials. Here, this study reports that the out‐of‐plane piezoelectric properties of 2D van der Waals In2Se3 are significantly manipulated using interface engineering. The variation value of piezoelectric properties is above two orders of magnitude, giving rise to the highest variation value in the 2D piezoelectric materials system. In particular, the 2D materials In2Se3 can be directly fabricated onto silicon substrate, which suggests its compatibility with the state‐of‐the‐art silicon semiconductor technology. Combining the experimental and computational results, this study reveals that the ultrahigh tunable piezoelectric properties result from the interface charge transfer effect. The work opens the door to design and modulate the unprecedented applications of atomic‐scale smart and multifunctional devices

Additional file 2: Table S1. of Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in esophagus and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival in patients with esophageal cancer

Concordance between the immunohistochemistry of P. gingivalis whole antigens and RT-PCR of P. gingivalis 16S rRNA in the cancerous tissue from patients with ESCC. (PDF 43 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in esophagus and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival in patients with esophageal cancer

P. gingivalis 16S DNA in esophageal epithelium. PCR with specific primers for P. gingivalis (upper), and a universal primer (lower). Representative images of P. gingivalis PCR products from several pairs of cancerous (lanes 2, 4, 6, 8) and adjacent fresh biopsy tissues from ESCC patients (lanes 3, 5, 7, 9), and normal biopsy tissues as a control (Lane 10). Lanes1 and 11 are molecular size markers. (PDF 215 kb