Desulfurization of Thioketals into Methylene and Methyl Derivatives: Nickel or not Nickel?

International audienceIn this review, the desulfurization of thioacetals and thioketals leading to methyl and methylene derivatives is summarized through metal and metal-free methodologies. In the section concerning the use of metals for desulfurization reactions, we will be successively presenting and discussing all methods requiring Ni and Ni derivatives as reducing agents and other examples in which metals were used to generate solvating electrons as reducing species. The following section will concern the use of other desulfurizing agents as metal-hydrides (Bu3SnH, Et3SiH) and metal-free desulfurization reactions of thioketals. The functional group tolerance of the presented methods with functionalized and sensitive substrates will be discussed

Synthesis of Substituted Benzils from Diarylalkyne Oxidation

International audienceIn this review, oxidation of diarylalkynes leading to functionalized benzils (di(het)aryl-1,2-diketones) is summarized. Some synthetic "one pot" transformations of internal arylalkynes leading to the construction of heterocycles are presented

Chlorotrimethylsilane and Sodium Iodide: A Remarkable Metal-Free Association for the Desulfurization of Benzylic Dithioketals under Mild Conditions

International audienceA novel metal-free process allowing the reductive desulfurization of various benzylic dithioketals to afford diarylmethane and benzylester derivatives with good to excellent yields is reported. At room temperature, this mild reduction process requires only the use of TMSCl and NaI in CH2Cl2 and tolerates a large variety of functional groups

Ferroptosis Holds Novel Promise in Treatment of Cancer Mediated by Non-coding RNAs

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death that is associated with iron metabolism and oxidative stress. As a physiological mechanism, ferroptosis selectively removes cancer cells by regulating the expression of vital chemical molecules. Current findings on regulation of ferroptosis have largely focused on the function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in mediating ferroptotic cell death, while the sponging effect of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has not been widely studied. In this review, we discuss the molecular regulation of ferroptosis and highlight the value of circRNAs in controlling ferroptosis and carcinogenesis. Herein, we deliberate future role of this emerging form of regulated cell death in cancer therapeutics and predict the progression and prognosis of oncogenesis in future clinical therapy.publishedVersio

(25R)-5a-Spiro­stane-3,12-dione

The title compound, C27H40O4, was obtained from the oxidation of (25R)-3b-hydr­oxy-5a-spiro­stan-12-one (Hecogenin) by Jone’s reagent. The mol­ecule contains six alicyclic and heterocyclic rings, all trans-fused, among which four six-membered rings adopt similar chair conformations while two five-membered rings assume an envelope conformation

Ferroptosis Holds Novel Promise in Treatment of Cancer Mediated by Non-coding RNAs

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death that is associated with iron metabolism and oxidative stress. As a physiological mechanism, ferroptosis selectively removes cancer cells by regulating the expression of vital chemical molecules. Current findings on regulation of ferroptosis have largely focused on the function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in mediating ferroptotic cell death, while the sponging effect of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has not been widely studied. In this review, we discuss the molecular regulation of ferroptosis and highlight the value of circRNAs in controlling ferroptosis and carcinogenesis. Herein, we deliberate future role of this emerging form of regulated cell death in cancer therapeutics and predict the progression and prognosis of oncogenesis in future clinical therapy

MiRNA-145 increases therapeutic sensibility to gemcitabine treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although recent advances provide various treatment options, pancreatic adenocarcinoma has poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and ineffective therapeutic multimodality. Gemcitabine is the effective first-line drug in pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment. However, gemcitabine chemoresistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells has been a major obstacle for limiting its treatment effect. Our study found that p70S6K1 plays an important role in gemcitabine chemoresistence. MiR-145 is a tumor suppressor which directly targets p70S6K1 for inhibiting its expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, providing new therapeutic scheme. Our findings revealed a new mechanism underlying gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells

Comparison of the refractive error changes among young children in ten years interval

AIM: To compare the optometric examination results of myopic young children between those diagnosed in the period from 1998 to 2000 and those diagnosed in the period from 2008 to 2010; and to find out the causes of myopia and factors that worsen the condition, and suggest methods of its prevention and treatment.<p>METHODS: This study was a retrospective case study. We randomly selected sample from out-patient department register of cases and divided them into two main groups, ‘ten year before group'(TYBG)(1998/2000 year cases)and ‘ten years later group'(2008/2010 year cases)(TYLG). Each group was further subdivided into three sub-groups by age: under-six years old children group(CG), seven-twelve years old primary-school group(PSG)and thirteen-eighteen years old middle-school group(MSG). The optometric examination results were statistically analyzed.<p>RESULTS: The difference of the mean dioptre between the TYBG and TYLG was strongly statistically significant, also forward-lead trend of age when children suffered from myopia was found(<i>P<</i>0.01). There was a significant increase of dioptre among PSG and MSG in TYLG compared to TYBG(<i>P</i><0.01). After analyzing the relationship between dioptre and age, this study showed an increase of the proportion of myopia patients from 35.2% to 50.0% in PSG in ten years interval. This proportion decreases in MSG and remains stable in CG. All cases had been divided into slight myopia, medium myopia and high myopia, depending on their own myopia dioptre. The biggest difference of myopia dioptre were seen in MSG where the proportion of medium myopia patients increased 11.4% and high myopia patients increased 7.9% in TYLG.<p>CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the age of getting myopia was forward lead, the dioptre increases by 1.00 degree and the prevalence of myopia is increasing gradually. This situation may due to the modern life style and changes of living standard of the population. Therefore, prevention of myopia should concentrate more on younger children at kindergarten and primary school stage students

2-Chloro-5-(chloro­meth­yl)pyridine

The title compound, C6H5Cl2N, is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0146 Å for all atoms except for the 5-choloromethyl Cl atom. The offset Cl atom lies above this plane with a Cl—C—C angle of 111.11 (17)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected via inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming dimers