A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Wheat Allergy Worldwide

Wheat allergy is a primary disease of food allergy, and its global prevalence is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the latest worldwide prevalence of wheat allergy based on five different diagnostic methods. Study searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid LWW, and Cochrane database, with a time limit of 1 January 2007 to 1 September 2022. The review and screening of the articles was undertaken by two independent reviewers. The statistical analysis was conducted by R. A total of 56 articles were finally included. The prevalence of wheat allergy was 0.63% (95% CI: 0.43–0.87%) for self-reported, 0.70% (95% CI: 0.18–1.22%) for self-reported physician-diagnosed, 0.22% (95%CI: 0.07–0.65%) for skin prick test positive, 0.97% (95% CI: 0.43–2.20%) for specific immunoglobulin E positive, and 0.04% (95% CI: 0–0.16%) for food challenge. However, food challenge can be largely subjective, and the results were only based two countries, so the prevalence of wheat allergy confirmed by food challenge may be not entirely trustworthy. In conclusion, investigating the prevalence of wheat allergy in the real world as accurately as possible will contribute to the prevention, management, and risk assessment of wheat allergy

Optimizing the YOLOv7-Tiny Model with Multiple Strategies for Citrus Fruit Yield Estimation in Complex Scenarios

The accurate identification of citrus fruits is important for fruit yield estimation in complex citrus orchards. In this study, the YOLOv7-tiny-BVP network is constructed based on the YOLOv7-tiny network, with citrus fruits as the research object. This network introduces a BiFormer bilevel routing attention mechanism, which replaces regular convolution with GSConv, adds the VoVGSCSP module to the neck network, and replaces the simplified efficient layer aggregation network (ELAN) with partial convolution (PConv) in the backbone network. The improved model significantly reduces the number of model parameters and the model inference time, while maintaining the network’s high recognition rate for citrus fruits. The results showed that the fruit recognition accuracy of the modified model was 97.9% on the test dataset. Compared with the YOLOv7-tiny, the number of parameters and the size of the improved network were reduced by 38.47% and 4.6 MB, respectively. Moreover, the recognition accuracy, frames per second (FPS), and F1 score improved by 0.9, 2.02, and 1%, respectively. The network model proposed in this paper has an accuracy of 97.9% even after the parameters are reduced by 38.47%, and the model size is only 7.7 MB, which provides a new idea for the development of a lightweight target detection model

In Vitro Effect of Flavonoids on Basophils Degranulation and Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage Induced by ω-5 Gliadin-Derived Peptide

Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and may alleviate food allergic reactions and intestinal inflammation induced by ω-5 gliadin, a main allergen of wheat food allergy in children. In this study, a human basophil KU812 cell degranulation model and a Caco-2 monolayer cell model were constructed in vitro to evaluate the effects of four flavonoids on the allergenicity of ω-5 gliadin peptides and ω-5 gliadin peptide-induced barrier damage in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers. The results show that baicalein, luteolin, isorhamnetin and naringenin can significantly inhibit the degranulation of KU812 cells stimulated by ω-5 gliadin-derived peptide P4 and the release of IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, the four flavonoids significantly inhibited the ω-5 gliadin-derived peptide P4 to induce the release of IL-6, IL-8 in Caco-2 cells, inhibited the release of zonulin, and significantly increase the expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 in the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In conclusion, baicalein, luteolin, isorhamnetin and naringenin inhibit degranulation stimulated by wheat allergen and enhance intestinal barrier functions, which supports the potential pharmaceutical application of the four flavonoids treatment for wheat food allergy

Arthroscopic Patelloplasty and Circumpatellar Denervation for the Treatment of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis

Background: Patellofemoral osteoarthritis commonly occurs in older people, often resulting in anterior knee pain and severely reduced quality of life. The aim was to examine the effectiveness of arthroscopic patelloplasty and circumpatellar denervation for the treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA). Methods: A total of 156 PFOA patients (62 males, 94 females; ages 45-81 years, mean 66 years) treated in our department between September 2012 and March 2013 were involved in this study. Clinical manifestations included recurrent swelling and pain in the knee joint and aggravated pain upon ascending/descending stairs, squatting down, or standing up. PFOA was treated with arthroscopic patelloplasty and circumpatellar denervation. The therapeutic effects before and after surgery were statistically evaluated using Lysholm and Kujala scores. The therapeutic effects were graded by classification of the degree of cartilage defect. Results: A total of 149 cases were successfully followed up for 14.8 months, on average. The incisions healed well, and no complications occurred. After surgery, the average Lysholm score improved from 73.29 to 80.93, and the average Kujala score improved from 68.34 to 76.48. This procedure was highly effective for patients with cartilage defects I-III but not for patients with cartilage defect IV. Conclusions: For PFOA patients, this procedure is effective for significantly relieving anterior knee pain, improving knee joint function and quality of life, and deferring arthritic progression

Prevalence of coeliac disease in Northwest China: heterogeneity across Northern Silk road ethnic populations

Background: Epidemiological data of coeliac disease are lacking from the central Asian region. Aims: To verify the occurrence of coeliac disease amongst four major ethnic groups of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomus Region, China. Methods: 2277 in-patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (1391 Han, 608 Uyghur, 146 Kazakh and 132 Hui; mean age: 54 ± 12.8 years) were included. Total IgA, anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP)-IgG, and anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG)-IgA were analysed. All antibody-positive subjects were further tested for endomysial (EMA) antibodies and were HLA genotyped. All subjects with antibody positivity were asked to undergo intestinal biopsy. In addition, a subset of antibody-negative subjects were tested for HLA-DQA1and DQB1. Results: Among the 2277 subjects, 29 subjects were defined as coeliac disease au-toimmune (positive results for anti-tTG IgA and EMA-IgA) (1.27%; 95% confidence interval, 0.81%-1.73%), eight of them underwent biopsy and all showed coeliac dis-ease histology (0.35%; 95% Cl, 0.11%-0.59%). The frequency of coeliac disease au-toimmunity was lowest among the Han (0.79%), followed by the Uyghur (1.81%), the Kazakh (2.05%) and the Hui (3.03%). The frequency of the HLA-DQ2 and/or DQ8 haplotype was highest in the Uyghur (52.1%), followed by the Hui (44.4%), the Kazakh (40.0%) and the Han (39.4%). Besides, a three times higher frequency of coeliac dis-ease autoimmunity was found among rural living subjects with significantly higher wheat consumption compared to urban living subjects (3.16% vs 0.97%, P < 0.01). Conclusions: In Xinjiang, coeliac disease does occur, especially in the rural area. The HLA haplotype and environment play key roles in the development of coeliac disease

Effect of fermentation on content, molecule weight distribution and viscosity of β-glucans in oat sourdough

This study investigated the effect of fermentation on the physicochemical properties of β-glucans in oat sourdough. Sourdoughs were produced from oat using homo-fermentative lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum 22134. The contents of total β-glucan and soluble β-glucan, the molecular weight (MW) of β-glucan and the viscosity of the extracted β-glucans were determined at 0, 4, 8, 10 and 12 h of fermentation. The total β-glucan content decreased from 4.89% to 4.23% after 12 h of fermentation. The soluble β-glucan concentration increased from 1.89% to 2.18% and then decreased to 1.97% after 8 h of fermentation. The content of β-glucans with MW > 105 decreased from 0 to 4 h of fermentation, followed by an increase and then a decrease after 8 h. The oat sourdough fermented for 8 h had high viscosity, which could be more beneficial for health and bread texture quality, especially for gluten-free breads. International Journal of Food Science and Technology</p

DataSheet_1_Detection of somatic copy number deletion of the CDKN2A gene by quantitative multiplex PCR for clinical practice.zip

BackgroundA feasible method to detect somatic copy number deletion (SCND) of genes is still absent to date.MethodsInterstitial base-resolution deletion/fusion coordinates for CDKN2A were extracted from published articles and our whole genome sequencing (WGS) datasets. The copy number of the CDKN2A gene was measured with a quantitative multiplex PCR assay P16-Light and confirmed with whole genome sequencing (WGS).ResultsEstimated common deletion regions (CDRs) were observed in many tumor suppressor genes, such as ATM, CDKN2A, FAT1, miR31HG, PTEN, and RB1, in the SNP array-based COSMIC datasets. A 5.1 kb base-resolution CDR could be identified in >90% of cancer samples with CDKN2A deletion by sequencing. The CDKN2A CDR covers exon-2, which is essential for P16INK4A and P14ARF synthesis. Using the true CDKN2A CDR as a PCR target, a quantitative multiplex PCR assay P16-Light was programmed to detect CDKN2A gene copy number. P16-Light was further confirmed with WGS as the gold standard among cancer tissue samples from 139 patients.ConclusionThe 5.1 kb CDKN2A CDR was found in >90% of cancers containing CDKN2A deletion. The CDKN2A CDR was used as a potential target for developing the P16-Light assay to detect CDKN2A SCND and amplification for routine clinical practices.</p

The frequencies and weightings of HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes in the Chinese population.

<p>A: HLA-DQ2.5; B: HLA-DQ8. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval. The data sources are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

The frequencies and weightings of HLA- DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 antigens in the Chinese population.

<p>A: HLA-DQ2; B: HLA-DQ8. Antigen frequency  =  sum of each individual antigen/n, where n  =  total number of subjects. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval. The data sources are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151.s002" target="_blank">Table S2</a>.</p

Characteristics of included studies about CD cases diagnosed by biopsy and a GFD.

<p>+ positive; -negative</p><p>Abbreviations: NA, Not available in the content of the study; CD, celiac disease; RCD, refractory celiac disease; GFD, gluten-free diet;</p><p>IgA AGA: IgA anti-gliadin antibodies; IgG AGA: IgG anti-gliadin antibodies; IgA EMA: IgA anti-endomysial antibodies; IgG EMA: IgG anti-endomysial antibodies; IgA ARA: IgA anti-reticulin antibodies; IgG ARA: IgG anti-reticulin antibodies; IgA tTGs: IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase; IgG tTGs: IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase.</p><p>Three out of four original papers were on screening CD in at-risk groups in China, chronic diarrhea patients <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Jiang1" target="_blank">[22]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Wang1" target="_blank">[24]</a>, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Wu1" target="_blank">[25]</a>. In the table, we only show the characteristics of suspected CD patients in these at-risk groups. Another original paper <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Freeman1" target="_blank">[19]</a> was about CD in Asian-Canadian adults, one out of 14 adult CD cases was born in Northern China in 1924 and then emigrated from China to Canada in 1973. Sun F <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081151#pone.0081151-Sun1" target="_blank">[26]</a> reported two CD cases, but one case was of European descent.</p