Charge transport in underdoped bilayer cuprates

Within the t-J model, we study the charge transport in underdoped bilayer cuprates by considering the bilayer interaction. Although the bilayer interaction leads to the band splitting in the electronic structure, the qualitative behavior of the charge transport is the same as in the case of single layer cuprates. The conductivity spectrum shows a low-energy peak and the unusual midinfrared band. This midinfrared band is suppressed severely with increasing temperatures, while the resistivity in the heavily underdoped regime is characterized by a crossover from the high temperature metallic-like to the low temperature insulating-like behaviors, which are consistent with the experiments.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex, three figures are include

An alternative approach to determining average distance in a class of scale-free modular networks

Various real-life networks of current interest are simultaneously scale-free and modular. Here we study analytically the average distance in a class of deterministically growing scale-free modular networks. By virtue of the recursive relations derived from the self-similar structure of the networks, we compute rigorously this important quantity, obtaining an explicit closed-form solution, which recovers the previous result and is corroborated by extensive numerical calculations. The obtained exact expression shows that the average distance scales logarithmically with the number of nodes in the networks, indicating an existence of small-world behavior. We present that this small-world phenomenon comes from the peculiar architecture of the network family.Comment: Submitted for publicactio

The Function of Fucosylation in Progression of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a disease that influences human health and has become a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. However, it is frequently diagnosed at the advanced stage. It is necessary by means of biology to identify specific lung tumor biomarkers with high sensitivity. Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications and is related to many different diseases. It is involved in numerous essential biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell-cell integrity and recognition, and immune modulation. However, little was known about deregulation of glycosylation in lung cancer and contribution to tumor–microenvironment interactions. Among the numerous glycosylations, fucosylation is the most common modification of glycoproteins and glycosylated oligosaccharides. Increased levels of fucosylation have been detected in various pathological conditions, as well as in lung cancer. In this article, we reviewed the role of fucosylation in lung cancer. We highlighted some of the fucosylation alterations currently being pursued in sera or tissues of lung cancer patients. Moreover, we elaborated on the regulation mechanism of fucosylation in proliferative invasion and metastasis of lung tumor cells. In summary, alterations in fucosylation provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer

Comparison of the expression of cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of the chickens following challenge with infectious bursal disease viruses of varying virulence

BACKGROUND: Cytokines are important mediators and regulators of host responses against foreign antigen, with their main function to orchestrate the functional activities of the cells of the immune system. However little is known about the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and immune responses caused by infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV). The aim of this study was to examine the transcripts of cell-mediated immune response-related cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of chickens infected with IBDVs of varying virulence to gain an understanding of pathological changes and mechanisms of immunosuppression caused by IBDV infection and the immune responses evoked. RESULTS: Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of both Th1 [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukins (IL)-2 and IL-12p40] and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-10) cytokines were significantly up-regulated following challenge with the H strain (vvIBDV) and up to 2- and 30-fold, respectively (P < 0.05). Following infection with the Ts strain (cell-adapted virus) these cytokine transcripts were up-regulated at 5 days post-infection (dpi), 2- and 13-fold respectively (P < 0.05), while the expression levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were not significantly different (P > 0.05). A higher degree of cytokine expression was induced by the H strain compared with the Ts strain. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the expression of cell-mediated immune-related cytokine genes is strongly induced by IBDV, especially by the vvIBDV, H strain and reveal that these cytokines could play a crucial role in driving cellular immune responses during the acute phase of IBDV infection, and the cellular immune responses caused by IBDV of varying virulence are through different signaling pathways

Recursive solutions for Laplacian spectra and eigenvectors of a class of growing treelike networks

The complete knowledge of Laplacian eigenvalues and eigenvectors of complex networks plays an outstanding role in understanding various dynamical processes running on them; however, determining analytically Laplacian eigenvalues and eigenvectors is a theoretical challenge. In this paper, we study the Laplacian spectra and their corresponding eigenvectors of a class of deterministically growing treelike networks. The two interesting quantities are determined through the recurrence relations derived from the structure of the networks. Beginning from the rigorous relations one can obtain the complete eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the networks of arbitrary size. The analytical method opens the way to analytically compute the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of some other deterministic networks, making it possible to accurately calculate their spectral characteristics.Comment: Definitive version accepted for publication in Physical Reivew