Peroxiredoxin I deficiency attenuates phagocytic capacity of macrophage in clearance of the red blood cells damaged by oxidative stress

The role of peroxiredoxin (Prx) I as an erythrocyte antioxidantdefense in red blood cells (RBCs) is controversial. Here weinvestigated the function of Prx I by using Prx I–⁄– and Prx I/II–⁄–mice. Prx I–⁄– mice exhibited a normal blood profile. However,Prx I/II–⁄– mice showed more significantly increased Heinz bodyformation as compared with Prx II–⁄– mice. The clearance rate ofHeinz body-containing RBCs in Prx I–⁄– mice decreasedsignificantly through the treatment of aniline hydrochloride (AH)compared with wild-type mice. Prx I deficiency decreased thephagocytic capacity of macrophage in clearing Heinz bodycontainingRBCs. Our data demonstrate that Prx I deficiency didnot cause hemolytic anemia, but showed that further increasedhemolytic anemia symptoms in Prx II–⁄– mice by attenuatingphagocytic capacity of macrophage in oxidative stress damagedRBCs, suggesting a novel role of Prx I in phagocytosis ofmacrophage

Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project.

We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function